Donald Staines

From MEpedia, a crowd-sourced encyclopedia of ME and CFS science and history
Source: investinme.org

Professor Donald R. Staines, MBBS, MPH, FAFPHM, FAFOEM, is a Clinical Professor at Menzies Health Institute Queensland and the co-director (alongside Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik) of the National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases (NCNED) at Griffith University in Queensland in north-eastern Australia.[1] His research team is working towards discovery of diagnostic tools and treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome.[2]

International Consensus Criteria[edit | edit source]

Staines is one of the authors of the 2011 case definition, International Consensus Criteria.[3]

Diagnostic test[edit | edit source]

In February 2016 the research team led by Donald Staines and Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik announced it had created a diagnostic test for the disease using CD8 T cells.[4] They have been awarded a $4-million grant to be administered during the next five years that will enable them to continue research into developing a diagnostic test for ME/CFS.[5]

Open Letters to The Lancet[edit | edit source]

Three open letters to the editor of The Lancet urged the editor to commission a fully independent review of the PACE trial, which the journal had published in 2011. In 2016, Dr. Staines, along with 41 colleagues in the ME/CFS field, signed the second letter. In June 2018, Dr. Staines signed the third letter, this time along with approximately 100 colleagues.

Notable studies[edit | edit source]

  • 2011, Immunological abnormalities as potential biomarkers in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis[6] - (Full Text)
  • 2012, The Effects of Influenza Vaccination on Immune Function in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis[7] - (Full Text)
  • 2014, Characterization of Natural Killer Cell Phenotypes in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis[8] - (Full Text)
  • 2014, The Role of Adaptive and Innate Immune Cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis[9] - (Full Text)
  • 2014, The role of clinical guidelines for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis in research settings[10] - (Abstract)
  • 2014, Analysis of the Relationship between Immune Dysfunction and Symptom Severity in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)[11] - (Full Text)
  • 2015, A Comparison of Cytokine Profiles of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis Patients[12]
  • 2015, Metabolic profiling reveals anomalous energy metabolism and oxidative stress pathways in chronic fatigue syndrome patients[13] - (Abstract)
  • 2015, Serum Immune Proteins in Moderate and Severe Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients[14] - (Full Text)
  • 2015, Examination of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Ion Channels in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients[15] - (Full Text)
  • 2015, Characterisation of cell functions and receptors in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)[16] - (Full Text)
  • 2015, Longitudinal analysis of immune abnormalities in varying severities of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients[17] - (Full Text)
  • 2015, Cytokines in the Cerebrospinal Fluids of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis[18]
  • 2016, Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Genotype and Haplotype Investigation of Natural Killer Cells from an Australian Population of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients[19] - (Full Text)
  • 2016, A Systematic Review of Drug Therapies for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis[20] - (Abstract)
  • 2016, Progressive brain changes in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: A longitudinal MRI study[21] - (Full Text)
  • 2016, Regulatory T, natural killer T and γδ T cells in multiple sclerosis and chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a comparison[22] - (Full Text)
  • 2016, ERK1/2, MEK1/2 and p38 downstream signalling molecules impaired in CD56dimCD16+ and CD56brightCD16dim/− natural killer cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients[23] - (Full Text)
  • 2016, Natural killer cells and single nucleotide polymorphisms of specific ion channels and receptor genes in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome[24] - (Full Text)
  • 2017, Dietary and nutrition interventions for the therapeutic treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a systematic review[25] - (Full Text)
  • 2017, Impaired calcium mobilization in natural killer cells from chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis patients is associated with transient receptor potential melastatin 3 ion channels[26] - (Full Text)
  • 2017, Novel characterisation of mast cell phenotypes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis patients[27] - (Full Text)
  • 2018, Decreased Expression of TRPM3 and mAChRM3 in the Small Intestine in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis[28] - (Full text)
  • 2018, Brain function characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome: A task fMRI study[29] - (Full Text)
  • 2018, A Systematic Review of Probiotic Interventions for Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)[30] - (Abstract)
  • 2018, A systematic review of enteric dysbiosis in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis[31] - (Full text)
  • 2018, Rituximab impedes natural killer cell function in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients: A pilot in vitro investigation[32] - (Full Text)
  • 2018, Reduced glycolytic reserve in isolated natural killer cells from Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients: A preliminary investigation[33] - (Abstract)
  • 2018, Hyperintense sensorimotor T1 spin echo MRI is associated with brainstem abnormality in chronic fatigue syndrome[34] - (Full Text)
  • 2018, Loss of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 ion channel function in natural killer cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients[35] - (Full Text)
  • 2019, Prevalence and characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) in Poland: a cross-sectional study[36] - (Full text)
  • 2019, Validation of impaired Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 ion channel activity in natural killer cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients[37] - (Full text)
  • 2019, A systematic review of cytokines in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis/systemic exertion intolerance disease (CFS/ME/SEID)[38] - (Full text)
  • 2019, Naltrexone restores impaired transient receptor potential melastatin 3 ion channel function in natural killer cells from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients[39] - (Abstract)
  • 2019, Intra brainstem connectivity is impaired in chronic fatigue syndrome[40] - (Full text)
  • 2019, Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 channels are overexpressed in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients[41] - (Full text)
  • 2020, Health-related quality of life in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: an Australian cross-sectional study[42] - (Full text)
  • 2020, Mapping of pathological change in chronic fatigue syndrome using the ratio of T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans[43] - (Full text)
  • 2021, Systematic Review of Sleep Characteristics in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome[44] - (Full text)
  • 2021, Potential Therapeutic Benefit of Low Dose Naltrexone in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Role of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 Ion Channels in Pathophysiology and Treatment[45] - (Full text)

Talks and interviews[edit | edit source]

Learn more[edit | edit source]

Online presence[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases". griffith.edu.au. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
  2. ↑ "Coast team zeroing in on CFS test". goldcoastbulletin.com.au. December 1, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2019.
  3. ↑ Carruthers, Bruce M.; van de Sande, Marjorie I.; De Meirleir, Kenny L.; Klimas, Nancy G.; Broderick, Gordon; Mitchell, Terry; Staines, Donald; Powles, A.C. Peter; Speight, Nigel; Vallings, Rosamund; Bateman, Lucinda; Baumgarten-Austrheim, Barbara; Bell, David; Carlo-Stella, Nicoletta; Chia, John; Darragh, Austin; Jo, Daehyun; Lewis, Donald; Light, Alan; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya; Mena, Ismael; Mikovits, Judy; Miwa, Kunihisa; Murovska, Modra; Pall, Martin; Stevens, Staci (August 22, 2011). "Myalgic encephalomyelitis: International Consensus Criteria". Journal of Internal Medicine. 270 (4): 327–338. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02428.x. ISSN 0954-6820. PMC 3427890. PMID 21777306.
  4. ↑ Australian scientists make breakthrough in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome testing, ABC News (Australia), 29 February 2016
  5. ↑ "Coast team zeroing in on CFS test". goldcoastbulletin.com.au. December 1, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2019.
  6. ↑ Brenu, EW; van Driel, ML; Staines, DR; Ashton, KJ; Ramos, SB; Keane, J; Klimas, NG; Marshall-Gradisnik, SM (2011). "Immunological abnormalities as potential biomarkers in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis". Journal of Translational Medicine. 9 (81). doi:10.1186/1479-5876-9-81.
  7. ↑ Brenu, Ekua W; van Driel, Mieke L; Staines, Donald R; Kreijkamp-Kaspers, Sanne; Hardcastle, Sharni L; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya M (2012). "The Effects of Influenza Vaccination on Immune Function in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis" (PDF). International Journal of Clinical Medicine. 3 (6): 544-551. doi:10.4236/ijcm.2012.36098.
  8. ↑ Huth, Teilah K.; Brenu, Ekua; Nguyen, Thao; Hardcastle, Sharni L.; Johnston, Samantha; Ramos, Sandra; Staines, Donald R.; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya M. (2014). "Characterization of Natural Killer Cell Phenotypes in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis". Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology. 5 (3). doi:10.4172/2155-9899.1000223.
  9. ↑ Brenu, EW; Huth, TK; Hardcastle, SL; Fuller, K; Kaur, M; Johnston, S; Ramos, S; Staines, D; Marshall-Gradisnik, S (2014). "The Role of adaptive and innate immune cells in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis". International Immunology. 26 (4): 233–42. doi:10.1093/intimm/dxt068. PMID 24343819.
  10. ↑ Johnston, S.C.; Brenu, E.W.; Staines, D.R.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S.M. (January 2, 2014). "The role of clinical guidelines for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis in research settings". Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior. 2 (1): 28–39. doi:10.1080/21641846.2013.860779. ISSN 2164-1846.
  11. ↑ Hardcastle, Sharni L.; Brenu, Ekua W.; Johnston, Samantha; Nguyen, Thao; Huth, Teilah K.; Kaur, Manprit; Ramos, Sandra; Salajegheh, Ali; Staines, Donald R.; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (2014). "Analysis of the Relationship between Immune Dysfunction and Symptom Severity in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)". Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology. 5 (190). doi:10.4172/2155-9899.1000190.
  12. ↑ Wong, Naomi; Nguyen, Thao; Brenu, Ekua Weba; Broadley, Simon; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (2015). "A Comparison of Cytokine Profiles of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis Patients". International Journal of Clinical Medicine. 6 (10): 769–783. doi:10.4236/ijcm.2015.610103.
  13. ↑ Armstrong, Christopher W.; McGregor, Neil R.; Lewis, Donald P.; Butt, Henry L.; Gooley, Paul R. (2015). "Metabolic profiling reveals anomalous energy metabolism and oxidative stress pathways in chronic fatigue syndrome patients". Metabolomics. 11 (6): 1626–1639. doi:10.1007/s11306-015-0816-5.
  14. ↑ Hardcastle, SL; Brenu, EW; Johnston, S; Nguyen, T; Huth, T; Wong, N; Ramos, S; Staines, DR; Marshall-Gradisnik, SM (2015). "Serum Immune Proteins in Moderate and Severe Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients". International Journal of Medical Sciences. 12 (10): 764–772. doi:10.7150/ijms.12399.
  15. ↑ Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya M.; Smith, Peter; Brenu, Ekua W.; Nilius, Bernd; Ramos, Sandra B.; Staines, Donald R. (2015). "Examination of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Ion Channels in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients". Immunology and Immunogenetics Insights. 2015 (7): 1–6. doi:10.4137/III.S25147.
  16. ↑ Hardcastle, SL; Brenu, EW; Johnston, S; Nguyen, T; Huth, T; Wong, N; Ramos, S; Staines, DR; Marshall-Gradisnik, SM (2015). "Characterisation of cell functions and receptors in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)". BMC Immunology. 16 (35). doi:10.1186/s12865-015-0101-4.
  17. ↑ Hardcastle, Sharni Lee; Brenu, Ekua Weba; Johnston, Samantha; Nguyen, Thao; Huth, Teilah; Ramos, Sandra; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (2015). "Longitudinal analysis of immune abnormalities in varying severities of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients". Journal of Translational Medicine. 13 (299). doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0653-3.
  18. ↑ Peterson, D; Brenu, EW; Gottschalk, G; Ramos, Sandra B; Nguyen, T; Staines, D; Marshall-Gradisnik, S (2015). "Cytokines in the Cerebrospinal Fluids of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis". Mediators of Inflammation. 2015. doi:10.1155/2015/929720.
  19. ↑ Huth, T.K.; Brenu, E.W.; Staines, D.R.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S.M. (2016). "Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Genotype and Haplotype Investigation of Natural Killer Cells from an Australian Population of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients". Gene Regulation and Systems Biology. 10: 43–49. doi:10.4137/GRSB.S39861.
  20. ↑ Collatz, Ansel; Johnston, Samantha C.; Staines, Donald R.; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya M. (2016). "A Systematic Review of Drug Therapies for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis". Clinical Therapeutics. 38 (6): 1263-1271.e9. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.04.038. PMID 27229907.
  21. ↑ Shan, Zack Y.; Kwiatek, Richard; Burnet, Richard; Del Fante, Peter; Staines, Donald R.; Marshall‐Gradisnik, Sonya; Barnden, Leighton R. (2016). "Progressive brain changes in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: A longitudinal MRI study". Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 44: 1301–1311. doi:10.1002/jmri.25283.
  22. ↑ Ramos, S; Brenu, E; Broadley, S; Kwiatek, R; Ng, J; Nguyen, T; Freeman, S; Staines, D; Marshall-Gradisnik, S (March 20, 2016). "Regulatory T, natural killer T and γδ T cells in multiple sclerosis and chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a comparison". Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. doi:10.12932/AP0733.
  23. ↑ Huth, Teilah K.; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (2016). "ERK1/2, MEK1/2 and p38 downstream signalling molecules impaired in CD56dimCD16+ and CD56brightCD16dim/− natural killer cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients". Journal of Translational Medicine. 14 (97). doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0859-z.
  24. ↑ Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya M.; Huth, Teilah; Chacko, Anu; Johnston, Samantha; Smith, Peter; Staines, Donald R. (2016). "Natural killer cells and single nucleotide polymorphisms of specific ion channels and receptor genes in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome". The Application of Clinical Genetics. 9: 39–47. doi:10.2147/TACG.S99405.
  25. ↑ Campagnolo, N.; Johnston, S.; Collatz, A.; Staines, D.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S. (January 22, 2017). "Dietary and nutrition interventions for the therapeutic treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a systematic review". Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 30 (3): 247–259. doi:10.1111/jhn.12435. ISSN 0952-3871. PMID 28111818.
  26. ↑ Nguyen, T.; Hardcastle, S.; Clarke, L.; Smith, P.; Staines, D.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S. (2017). "Impaired calcium mobilization in natural killer cells from chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis patients is associated with transient receptor potential melastatin 3 ion channels". Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 187 (2): 284–293. doi:10.1111/cei.12882.
  27. ↑ Nguyen, T.; Johnston, S.; Chacko, A.; Gibson, D.; Cepon, J.; Smith, D.; Staines, D.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S. (2017). "Novel characterisation of mast cell phenotypes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis patients". Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 35 (2): 75-81. doi:10.12932/AP0771.
  28. ↑ Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya; Fretel, Marshall; Eaton, Natalie; Cabanas, Helene; Balinas, Cassandra; Gopalan, Vinod; Petersen, Daniel; Passmore, Rachel; Tang, Kevin; Haque, Mazhar; Lam, Alfred; Staines, Donald (May 31, 2018). "Decreased Expression of TRPM3 and mAChRM3 in the Small Intestine in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis". International Journal of Clinical Medicine. 09 (05): 467. doi:10.4236/ijcm.2018.95040.
  29. ↑ Shan, Zack Y.; Finegan, Kevin; Bhuta, Sandeep; Ireland, Timothy; Staines, Donald R.; Marshall‐Gradisnik, Sonya; Barnden, Leighton R. (2018). "Brain function characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome: A task fMRI study". NeuroImage: Clinical. 19: 279–286. doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.04.025.
  30. ↑ Corbitt, M; Campagnolo, N; Staines, D; Marshall-Gradisnik, S (2018). "A Systematic Review of Probiotic Interventions for Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)". Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. doi:10.1007/s12602-018-9397-8.
  31. ↑ Du Preez, S.; Corbitt, M.; Cabanas, H.; Eaton, N.; Staines, D.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S. (December 20, 2018). "A systematic review of enteric dysbiosis in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis". Systematic Reviews. 7 (1): 241. doi:10.1186/s13643-018-0909-0. ISSN 2046-4053. PMID 30572962.
  32. ↑ Eaton, Natalie; Cabanas, Hélène; Balinas, Cassandra; Klein, Anne; Staines, Donald R.; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (2018). "Rituximab impedes natural killer cell function in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients: A pilot in vitro investigation". BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology. 19 (12). doi:10.1186/s40360-018-0203-8. PMID 29587879.
  33. ↑ Nguyen, T.; Staines, D.; Johnston, S.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S. (July 2018). "Reduced glycolytic reserve in isolated natural killer cells from Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients: A preliminary investigation". Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. doi:10.12932/AP-011117-0188.
  34. ↑ Barnden, Leighton R.; Shan, Zack Y.; Staines, Donald R.; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya; Finegan, Kevin; Ireland, Timothy; Bhuta, Sandeep (2018). "Hyperintense sensorimotor T1 spin echo MRI is associated with brainstem abnormality in chronic fatigue syndrome". NeuroImage: Clinical. 20: 102–109. doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.07.011.
  35. ↑ Cabanas, Hélène; Muraki, Katsuhiko; Eaton, Natalie; Balinas, Cassandra; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (August 14, 2018). "Loss of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 ion channel function in natural killer cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients". Molecular Medicine. 24 (1). doi:10.1186/s10020-018-0046-1. ISSN 1076-1551.
  36. ↑ Słomko, Joanna; Newton, Julia L; Kujawski, Sławomir; Tafil-Klawe, Małgorzata; Klawe, Jacek; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya; Zalewski, Pawel (March 2019). "Prevalence and characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) in Poland: a cross-sectional study". BMJ Open. 9 (3): e023955. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023955. ISSN 2044-6055. PMID 30850404.
  37. ↑ Cabanas, H.; Muraki, K.; Balinas, C.; Eaton-Fitch, N.; Staines, D.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S. (December 2019). "Validation of impaired Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 ion channel activity in natural killer cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients". Molecular Medicine. 25 (1). doi:10.1186/s10020-019-0083-4. ISSN 1076-1551.
  38. ↑ Corbitt, Matthew; Eaton-Fitch, Natalie; Staines, Donald; Cabanas, Hélène; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (December 2019). "A systematic review of cytokines in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis/systemic exertion intolerance disease (CFS/ME/SEID)". BMC Neurology. 19 (1). doi:10.1186/s12883-019-1433-0. ISSN 1471-2377. PMID 31445522.
  39. ↑ Cabanas, Helene; Muraki, Katsuhiko; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (October 14, 2019). "Naltrexone restores impaired transient receptor potential melastatin 3 ion channel function in natural killer cells from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients". Frontiers in Immunology. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02545.
  40. ↑ Barnden, Leighton R; Shan, Zack Y; Staines, Donald R; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya; Finegan, Kevin; Ireland, Timothy; Bhuta, Sandeep (2019). "Intra brainstem connectivity is impaired in chronic fatigue syndrome". NeuroImage: Clinical. 24: 102045. doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102045.
  41. ↑ Balinas, Cassandra; Cabanas, Hélène; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (December 3, 2019). "Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 channels are overexpressed in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients". Journal of Translational Medicine. 17 (1): 401. doi:10.1186/s12967-019-02155-4. ISSN 1479-5876. PMC 6891975. PMID 31796045.
  42. ↑ Eaton-Fitch, N.; Johnston, S. C.; Zalewski, P.; Staines, D.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S. (January 22, 2020). "Health-related quality of life in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: an Australian cross-sectional study". Quality of Life Research. doi:10.1007/s11136-019-02411-6. ISSN 0962-9343.
  43. ↑ Thapaliya, Kiran; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya; Staines, Don; Barnden, Leighton (2020). "Mapping of pathological change in chronic fatigue syndrome using the ratio of T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans". NeuroImage: Clinical. 28: 102366. doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102366. PMC 7417892. PMID 32777701.
  44. ↑ Maksoud, Rebekah; Eaton-Fitch, Natalie; Matula, Michael; Cabanas, Hélène; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (May 2021). "Systematic Review of Sleep Characteristics in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". Healthcare. 9 (5): 568. doi:10.3390/healthcare9050568.
  45. ↑ Cabanas, Helene; Muraki, Katsuhiko; Eaton-Fitch, Natalie; Staines, Donald Ross; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (2021). "Potential Therapeutic Benefit of Low Dose Naltrexone in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Role of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 Ion Channels in Pathophysiology and Treatment". Frontiers in Immunology. 12: 687806. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.687806. ISSN 1664-3224. PMC 8313851. PMID 34326841.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 "UK Charity for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Centre of Excellence for ME Blog". investinme.org. Retrieved April 26, 2019.
  47. ↑ "IIMEC14 14th Invest in ME Reseaerch International ME Conference 2019". Invest in ME Research. Retrieved February 26, 2020.

T cell A type of white blood cell which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in the adaptive immune response on a cellular level. Also known as a T lymphocyte. (Learn more: www.youtube.com)

myalgic encephalomyelitis (M.E.) - A disease often marked by neurological symptoms, but fatigue is sometimes a symptom as well. Some diagnostic criteria distinguish it from chronic fatigue syndrome, while other diagnostic criteria consider it to be a synonym for chronic fatigue syndrome. A defining characteristic of ME is post-exertional malaise (PEM), or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which is a notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. An estimated 25% of those suffering from ME are housebound or bedbound. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ME as a neurological disease.

serum The clear yellowish fluid that remains from blood plasma after clotting factors have been removed by clot formation. (Blood plasma is simply blood that has had its blood cells removed.)

single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) - A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, pronounced "snip") is a potential genetic mutation that occurs in a single spot in the human genome; a difference in a single DNA building block. SNPs are often represented by an "rs" number, such as "rs53576".

See ME/CFS.

cytokine any class of immunoregulatory proteins secreted by cells, especially immune cells. Cytokines are small proteins important in cell signaling that modulate the immune system. (Learn more: me-pedia.org)

antibodies Antibody/immunoglobulin refers to any of a large number of specific proteins produced by B cells that act against an antigen in an immune response.

single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) - A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, pronounced "snip") is a potential genetic mutation that occurs in a single spot in the human genome; a difference in a single DNA building block. SNPs are often represented by an "rs" number, such as "rs53576".

myalgic encephalomyelitis (M.E.) - A disease often marked by neurological symptoms, but fatigue is sometimes a symptom as well. Some diagnostic criteria distinguish it from chronic fatigue syndrome, while other diagnostic criteria consider it to be a synonym for chronic fatigue syndrome. A defining characteristic of ME is post-exertional malaise (PEM), or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which is a notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. An estimated 25% of those suffering from ME are housebound or bedbound. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ME as a neurological disease.

systemic exertion intolerance disease (SEID) - A term for ME/CFS that aims to avoid the stigma associated with the term "chronic fatigue syndrome", while emphasizing the defining characteristic of post-exertional malaise (PEM). SEID was defined as part of the diagnostic criteria put together by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report of 10 February 2015.

See systemic exertion intolerance disease.

cytokine any class of immunoregulatory proteins secreted by cells, especially immune cells. Cytokines are small proteins important in cell signaling that modulate the immune system. (Learn more: me-pedia.org)

metabolomics The analysis of the chemical metabolism within cells, tissues or organisms. The term is often used to refer to the full set of metabolites found in a cell in a given environment.

The BMJ (previously the British Medical Journal) is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal.

BMJ The BMJ (previously the British Medical Journal) is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal.

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