Donald Staines
Professor Donald R. Staines, MBBS, MPH, FAFPHM, FAFOEM, is a Clinical Professor at Menzies Health Institute Queensland and the co-director (alongside Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik) of the National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases (NCNED) at Griffith University in Queensland in north-eastern Australia.[1] His research team is working towards discovery of diagnostic tools and treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome.[2]
International Consensus Criteria[edit | edit source]
Staines is one of the authors of the 2011 case definition, International Consensus Criteria.[3]
Diagnostic test[edit | edit source]
In February 2016 the research team led by Donald Staines and Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik announced it had created a diagnostic test for the disease using CD8 T cells.[4] They have been awarded a $4-million grant to be administered during the next five years that will enable them to continue research into developing a diagnostic test for ME/CFS.[5]
Open Letters to The Lancet[edit | edit source]
Three open letters to the editor of The Lancet urged the editor to commission a fully independent review of the PACE trial, which the journal had published in 2011. In 2016, Dr. Staines, along with 41 colleagues in the ME/CFS field, signed the second letter. In June 2018, Dr. Staines signed the third letter, this time along with approximately 100 colleagues.
- 10 February 2016, An open letter to The Lancet, again - Virology blog
- 19 June 2018, Trial By Error: An Open Letter to The Lancet, Two Years On - Virology blog
Notable studies[edit | edit source]
- 2011, Immunological abnormalities as potential biomarkers in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis[6] - (Full Text)
- 2012, The Effects of Influenza Vaccination on Immune Function in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis[7] - (Full Text)
- 2014, Characterization of Natural Killer Cell Phenotypes in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis[8] - (Full Text)
- 2014, The Role of Adaptive and Innate Immune Cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis[9] - (Full Text)
- 2014, The role of clinical guidelines for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis in research settings[10] - (Abstract)
- 2014, Analysis of the Relationship between Immune Dysfunction and Symptom Severity in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)[11] - (Full Text)
- 2015, A Comparison of Cytokine Profiles of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis Patients[12]
- 2015, Metabolic profiling reveals anomalous energy metabolism and oxidative stress pathways in chronic fatigue syndrome patients[13] - (Abstract)
- 2015, Serum Immune Proteins in Moderate and Severe Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients[14] - (Full Text)
- 2015, Examination of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Ion Channels in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients[15] - (Full Text)
- 2015, Characterisation of cell functions and receptors in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)[16] - (Full Text)
- 2015, Longitudinal analysis of immune abnormalities in varying severities of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients[17] - (Full Text)
- 2015, Cytokines in the Cerebrospinal Fluids of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis[18]
- 2016, Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Genotype and Haplotype Investigation of Natural Killer Cells from an Australian Population of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients[19] - (Full Text)
- 2016, A Systematic Review of Drug Therapies for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis[20] -(Abstract)
- 2016, Progressive brain changes in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: A longitudinal MRI study[21] - (Full Text)
- 2016, Regulatory T, natural killer T and γδ T cells in multiple sclerosis and chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a comparison[22] - (Full Text)
- 2016, ERK1/2, MEK1/2 and p38 downstream signalling molecules impaired in CD56dimCD16+ and CD56brightCD16dim/− natural killer cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients[23] - (Full Text)
- 2016, Natural killer cells and single nucleotide polymorphisms of specific ion channels and receptor genes in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome[24] - (Full Text)
- 2017, Dietary and nutrition interventions for the therapeutic treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a systematic review[25] - (Full Text)
- 2017, Impaired calcium mobilization in natural killer cells from chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis patients is associated with transient receptor potential melastatin 3 ion channels[26] - (Full Text)
- 2017, Novel characterisation of mast cell phenotypes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis patients[27] - (Full Text)
- 2018, Decreased Expression of TRPM3 and mAChRM3 in the Small Intestine in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis[28] - (Full text)
- 2018, Brain function characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome: A task fMRI study[29] - (Full Text)
- 2018, A Systematic Review of Probiotic Interventions for Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)[30] - (Abstract)
- 2018, A systematic review of enteric dysbiosis in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis[31] - (Full text)
- 2018, Rituximab impedes natural killer cell function in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients: A pilot in vitro investigation[32] - (Full Text)
- 2018, Reduced glycolytic reserve in isolated natural killer cells from Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients: A preliminary investigation[33] - (Abstract)
- 2018, Hyperintense sensorimotor T1 spin echo MRI is associated with brainstem abnormality in chronic fatigue syndrome[34] - (Full Text)
- 2018, Loss of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 ion channel function in natural killer cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients[35] - (Full Text)
- 2019, Prevalence and characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) in Poland: a cross-sectional study[36] - (Full text)
- 2019, Validation of impaired Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 ion channel activity in natural killer cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients[37] - (Full text)
- 2019, A systematic review of cytokines in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis/systemic exertion intolerance disease (CFS/ME/SEID)[38] - (Full text)
- 2019, Naltrexone restores impaired transient receptor potential melastatin 3 ion channel function in natural killer cells from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients[39] - (Abstract)
Talks and interviews[edit | edit source]
- 2015, Who Are You? Professor Don Staines, ME/CFS research, Griffith University Gold Coast (31 August 2015)
- 2016, Speaker at the 11th Invest in ME International ME Conference on "Update from NCNED: Receptor identification and intracellular signalling"[40] DVD available
- 2017, Speaker at the 12th Invest in ME International ME Conference on "Dysregulation of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) ion channels and calcium in natural killer cells in CFS/ME patients"[41] - DVD available
- 2018, Meet the Scientists: Prof Don Staines on ME Australia
- 13 Mar 2019, Immunological & Calcium Signalling Define ME/CFS given at the International Research Symposium, Geelong, Australia, sponsored by Emerge Australia (presentation with Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik)
Learn more[edit | edit source]
- Donald Staines Griffith University - Donald Staines
- 2014, Gold Coast’s Griffith University to lead way in the battle against chronic fatigue (Gold Coast Bulletin, July 30 2014)
- 2016, Australian scientists make breakthrough in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome testing
- 2018, Profile in Meet the Scientists: Prof Don Staines
Online presence[edit | edit source]
See also[edit | edit source]
- Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
- Invest in ME International ME Conference
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ https://www.griffith.edu.au/health/national-centre-neuroimmunology-emerging-diseases/our-team
- ↑ "Coast team zeroing in on CFS test". www.goldcoastbulletin.com.au. December 1, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2019.
- ↑ Carruthers, Bruce M.; van de Sande, Marjorie I.; De Meirleir, Kenny L.; Klimas, Nancy G.; Broderick, Gordon; Mitchell, Terry; Staines, Donald; Powles, A. C. Peter; Speight, Nigel; Vallings, Rosamund; Bateman, Lucinda; Baumgarten-Austrheim, Barbara; Bell, David; Carlo-Stella, Nicoletta; Chia, John; Darragh, Austin; Jo, Daehyun; Lewis, Donald; Light, Alan; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya; Mena, Ismael; Mikovits, Judy; Miwa, Kunihisa; Murovska, Modra; Pall, Martin; Stevens, Staci (August 22, 2011). "Myalgic encephalomyelitis: International Consensus Criteria". Journal of Internal Medicine. 270 (4): 327–338. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02428.x. ISSN 0954-6820. PMC 3427890. PMID 21777306.
- ↑ Australian scientists make breakthrough in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome testing, ABC News (Australia), 29 February 2016
- ↑ "Coast team zeroing in on CFS test". www.goldcoastbulletin.com.au. December 1, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2019.
- ↑ Brenu, EW; van Driel, ML; Staines, DR; Ashton, KJ; Ramos, SB; Keane, J; Klimas, NG; Marshall-Gradisnik, SM (2011), "Immunological abnormalities as potential biomarkers in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis", Journal of Translational Medicine, 9 (81), doi:10.1186/1479-5876-9-81
- ↑ Brenu, Ekua W; van Driel, Mieke L; Staines, Donald R; Kreijkamp-Kaspers, Sanne; Hardcastle, Sharni L; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya M (2012), "The Effects of Influenza Vaccination on Immune Function in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis" (PDF), International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 3 (6): 544-551, doi:10.4236/ijcm.2012.36098
- ↑ Huth, Teilah K.; Brenu, Ekua; Nguyen, Thao; Hardcastle, Sharni L.; Johnston, Samantha; Ramos, Sandra; Staines, Donald R.; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya M. (2014), "Characterization of Natural Killer Cell Phenotypes in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis", Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology, 5 (3), doi:10.4172/2155-9899.1000223
- ↑ Brenu, EW; Huth, TK; Hardcastle, SL; Fuller, K; Kaur, M; Johnston, S; Ramos, S; Staines, D; Marshall-Gradisnik, S (2014), "The Role of adaptive and innate immune cells in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis", International Immunology, 26 (4): 233-42, doi:10.1093/intimm/dxt068, PMID 24343819
- ↑ Johnston, S.C.; Brenu, E.W.; Staines, D.R.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S.M. (January 2, 2014). "The role of clinical guidelines for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis in research settings". Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior. 2 (1): 28–39. doi:10.1080/21641846.2013.860779. ISSN 2164-1846.
- ↑ Hardcastle, Sharni L.; Brenu, Ekua W.; Johnston, Samantha; Nguyen, Thao; Huth, Teilah K.; Kaur, Manprit; Ramos, Sandra; Salajegheh, Ali; Staines, Donald R.; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (2014), "Analysis of the Relationship between Immune Dysfunction and Symptom Severity in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)", Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology, 5 (190), doi:10.4172/2155-9899.1000190
- ↑ Wong, Naomi; Nguyen, Thao; Brenu, Ekua Weba; Broadley, Simon; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (2015), "A Comparison of Cytokine Profiles of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis Patients", International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 6 (10): 769-783, doi:10.4236/ijcm.2015.610103
- ↑ Armstrong, Christopher W.; McGregor, Neil R.; Lewis, Donald P.; Butt, Henry L.; Gooley, Paul R. (2015), "Metabolic profiling reveals anomalous energy metabolism and oxidative stress pathways in chronic fatigue syndrome patients", Metabolomics, 11 (6): 1626–1639, doi:10.1007/s11306-015-0816-5
- ↑ Hardcastle, SL; Brenu, EW; Johnston, S; Nguyen, T; Huth, T; Wong, N; Ramos, S; Staines, DR; Marshall-Gradisnik, SM (2015), "Serum Immune Proteins in Moderate and Severe Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients", International Journal of Medical Sciences, 12 (10): 764-772, doi:10.7150/ijms.12399
- ↑ Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya M.; Smith, Peter; Brenu, Ekua W.; Nilius, Bernd; Ramos, Sandra B.; Staines, Donald R. (2015), "Examination of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Ion Channels in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients", Immunology and Immunogenetics Insights, 2015 (7): 1-6, doi:10.4137/III.S25147
- ↑ Hardcastle, SL; Brenu, EW; Johnston, S; Nguyen, T; Huth, T; Wong, N; Ramos, S; Staines, DR; Marshall-Gradisnik, SM (2015), "Characterisation of cell functions and receptors in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)", BMC Immunology, 16 (35), doi:10.1186/s12865-015-0101-4
- ↑ Hardcastle, Sharni Lee; Brenu, Ekua Weba; Johnston, Samantha; Nguyen, Thao; Huth, Teilah; Ramos, Sandra; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (2015), "Longitudinal analysis of immune abnormalities in varying severities of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients", Journal of Translational Medicine, 13 (299), doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0653-3
- ↑ Peterson, D; Brenu, EW; Gottschalk, G; Ramos, Sandra B; Nguyen, T; Staines, D; Marshall-Gradisnik, S (2015), "Cytokines in the Cerebrospinal Fluids of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis", Mediators of Inflammation, 2015, doi:10.1155/2015/929720
- ↑ Huth, T.K.; Brenu, E.W.; Staines, D.R.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S.M. (2016), "Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Genotype and Haplotype Investigation of Natural Killer Cells from an Australian Population of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients", Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, 10: 43–49, doi:10.4137/GRSB.S39861
- ↑ Collatz, Ansel; Johnston, Samantha C.; Staines, Donald R.; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya M. (2016), "A Systematic Review of Drug Therapies for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis", Clinical Therapeutics, 38 (6): 1263-1271.e9, doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.04.038, PMID 27229907
- ↑ Shan, Zack Y.; Kwiatek, Richard; Burnet, Richard; Del Fante, Peter; Staines, Donald R.; Marshall‐Gradisnik, Sonya; Barnden, Leighton R. (2016), "Progressive brain changes in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: A longitudinal MRI study", Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 44: 1301–1311, doi:10.1002/jmri.25283
- ↑ Ramos, S; Brenu, E; Broadley, S; Kwiatek, R; Ng, J; Nguyen, T; Freeman, S; Staines, D; Marshall-Gradisnik, S (March 20, 2016), "Regulatory T, natural killer T and γδ T cells in multiple sclerosis and chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a comparison", Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, doi:10.12932/AP0733
- ↑ Huth, Teilah K.; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (2016), "ERK1/2, MEK1/2 and p38 downstream signalling molecules impaired in CD56dimCD16+ and CD56brightCD16dim/− natural killer cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients", Journal of Translational Medicine, 14 (97), doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0859-z
- ↑ Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya M.; Huth, Teilah; Chacko, Anu; Johnston, Samantha; Smith, Peter; Staines, Donald R. (2016), "Natural killer cells and single nucleotide polymorphisms of specific ion channels and receptor genes in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome", The Application of Clinical Genetics, 9: 39—47, doi:10.2147/TACG.S99405
- ↑ Campagnolo, N.; Johnston, S.; Collatz, A.; Staines, D.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S. (January 22, 2017). "Dietary and nutrition interventions for the therapeutic treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a systematic review". Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 30 (3): 247–259. doi:10.1111/jhn.12435. ISSN 0952-3871. PMID 28111818.
- ↑ Nguyen, T.; Hardcastle, S.; Clarke, L.; Smith, P.; Staines, D.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S. (2017), "Impaired calcium mobilization in natural killer cells from chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis patients is associated with transient receptor potential melastatin 3 ion channels", Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 187 (2): 284–293, doi:10.1111/cei.12882
- ↑ Nguyen, T.; Johnston, S.; Chacko, A.; Gibson, D.; Cepon, J.; Smith, D.; Staines, D.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S. (2017), "Novel characterisation of mast cell phenotypes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis patients", Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 35 (2): 75-81, doi:10.12932/AP0771
- ↑ Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya; Fretel, Marshall; Eaton, Natalie; Cabanas, Helene; Balinas, Cassandra; Gopalan, Vinod; Petersen, Daniel; Passmore, Rachel; Tang, Kevin; Haque, Mazhar; Lam, Alfred; Staines, Donald (May 31, 2018). "Decreased Expression of TRPM3 and mAChRM3 in the Small Intestine in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis". International Journal of Clinical Medicine. 09 (05): 467. doi:10.4236/ijcm.2018.95040.
- ↑ Shan, Zack Y.; Finegan, Kevin; Bhuta, Sandeep; Ireland, Timothy; Staines, Donald R.; Marshall‐Gradisnik, Sonya; Barnden, Leighton R. (2018), "Brain function characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome: A task fMRI study", NeuroImage: Clinical, 19: 279-286, doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.04.025
- ↑ Corbitt, M; Campagnolo, N; Staines, D; Marshall-Gradisnik, S (2018), "A Systematic Review of Probiotic Interventions for Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)", Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins, doi:10.1007/s12602-018-9397-8
- ↑ Du Preez, S.; Corbitt, M.; Cabanas, H.; Eaton, N.; Staines, D.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S. (December 20, 2018). "A systematic review of enteric dysbiosis in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis". Systematic Reviews. 7 (1): 241. doi:10.1186/s13643-018-0909-0. ISSN 2046-4053. PMID 30572962.
- ↑ Eaton, Natalie; Cabanas, Hélène; Balinas, Cassandra; Klein, Anne; Staines, Donald R.; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (2018), "Rituximab impedes natural killer cell function in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients: A pilot in vitro investigation", BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology, 19 (12), doi:10.1186/s40360-018-0203-8, PMID 29587879
- ↑ Nguyen, T.; Staines, D.; Johnston, S.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S. (July 2018), "Reduced glycolytic reserve in isolated natural killer cells from Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients: A preliminary investigation", Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, doi:10.12932/AP-011117-0188
- ↑ Barnden, Leighton R.; Shan, Zack Y.; Staines, Donald R.; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya; Finegan, Kevin; Ireland, Timothy; Bhuta, Sandeep (2018). "Hyperintense sensorimotor T1 spin echo MRI is associated with brainstem abnormality in chronic fatigue syndrome". NeuroImage: Clinical. 20: 102–109. doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.07.011.
- ↑ Cabanas, Hélène; Muraki, Katsuhiko; Eaton, Natalie; Balinas, Cassandra; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (August 14, 2018). "Loss of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 ion channel function in natural killer cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients". Molecular Medicine. 24 (1). doi:10.1186/s10020-018-0046-1. ISSN 1076-1551.
- ↑ Słomko, Joanna; Newton, Julia L; Kujawski, Sławomir; Tafil-Klawe, Małgorzata; Klawe, Jacek; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya; Zalewski, Pawel (March 2019). "Prevalence and characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) in Poland: a cross-sectional study". BMJ Open. 9 (3): e023955. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023955. ISSN 2044-6055. PMID 30850404.
- ↑ Cabanas, H.; Muraki, K.; Balinas, C.; Eaton-Fitch, N.; Staines, D.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S. (December 2019). "Validation of impaired Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 ion channel activity in natural killer cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients". Molecular Medicine. 25 (1). doi:10.1186/s10020-019-0083-4. ISSN 1076-1551.
- ↑ Corbitt, Matthew; Eaton-Fitch, Natalie; Staines, Donald; Cabanas, Hélène; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (December 2019). "A systematic review of cytokines in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis/systemic exertion intolerance disease (CFS/ME/SEID)". BMC Neurology. 19 (1). doi:10.1186/s12883-019-1433-0. ISSN 1471-2377. PMID 31445522.
- ↑ Cabanas, Helene; Muraki, Katsuhiko; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (October 14, 2019). "Naltrexone restores impaired transient receptor potential melastatin 3 ion channel function in natural killer cells from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients". Frontiers in Immunology. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02545.
- ↑ "Invest in ME Research - UK Charity for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Centre of Excellence for ME Blog". investinme.org. Retrieved April 26, 2019.
- ↑ "Invest in ME Research - UK Charity for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Centre of Excellence for ME Blog". investinme.org. Retrieved April 26, 2019.