List of systematic reviews about ME/CFS/SEID

From MEpedia, a crowd-sourced encyclopedia of ME and CFS science and history

List of systematic reviews, literature reviews and other reviews about myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome/Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease.

Epidemiology reviews[edit | edit source]

  • 2020, Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)[1] - (Full text)
  • 2013, The adoption of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis case definitions to assess prevalence: a systematic review[2] - (Full text)
  • 2020, Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Burden of Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome across Europe: current evidence and EUROMENE research recommendations for epidemiology.[3] (Full text)
  • 2005, A systematic review describing the prognosis of chronic fatigue syndrome[4] - (Full text)

Diagnotic criteria reviews[edit | edit source]

  • 2018, ME/CFS, case definition, and serological response to Epstein-Barr virus. A systematic literature review[5] - (Full text)
  • 2014, Case definitions for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME): a systematic review[6] - (Abstract)

Pathogenesis, pathology and pathophysiology[edit | edit source]

Neurological[edit | edit source]

  • 2022, Review of the Midbrain Ascending Arousal Network Nuclei and Implications for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), Gulf War Illness (GWI) and Postexertional Malaise (PEM)[7] - (Full text)
  • 2020, Neuroimaging characteristics of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS): a systematic review[8] (Full text)
  • 2020, A systematic review of neurological impairments in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome using neuroimaging techniques[9] - (Full text)
  • 2019, Evidence of altered cardiac autonomic regulation in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis[10] - (Full text)
  • 2019, Neuroinflammation and Cytokines in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): A Critical Review of Research Methods[11] - (Full text), (plus correction)
  • 2014, Malfunctioning of the autonomic nervous system in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic literature review[12] - (Full text)
  • 1994, A comparative review of systemic and neurological symptomatology in 12 outbreaks collectively described as chronic fatigue syndrome, epidemic neuromyasthenia, and myalgic encephalomyelitis[13] - (Full text)

Immunological[edit | edit source]

  • 2019, Inflammatory proteins are altered in chronic fatigue syndrome–a systematic review and meta-analysis[14] - (Full text)
  • 2015, Chronic fatigue syndrome and circulating cytokines: a systematic review[15] - (Full text)
  • 2014, Altered immune response to exercise in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyeltitis: A systematic literature review[16] - (Full text)
  • 2007, Chronic musculoskeletal pain in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review - (Full text)
  • 2003, A systematic review and critical evaluation of the immunology of chronic fatigue syndrome[17] - (Abstract)

Viruses and other infections[edit | edit source]

  • 2018, The role of herpesviruses 6 and 7 in the development of chronic fatigue syndrome: a review of literature and description of clinical cases[18] - (Abstract, English), (Full text, original)
  • 2016, The Association Between Borna Disease Virus and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis[19] - (Full text)

Heart/Circulatory[edit | edit source]

  • 2014, Malfunctioning of the autonomic nervous system in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic literature review[20] - (Full text)
  • 2013, Heart rate variability in patients with fibromyalgia and patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review[21] - (Full text)

Endocrinology / hormonal[edit | edit source]

Metabolic[edit | edit source]

  • 2020, A systematic review of metabolomic dysregulation in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease (CFS/ME/SEID)[22] - (Full text)
  • 2018, Chronic Fatigue and Immune Deficiency Syndrome (CFIDS), Cellular Metabolism, and Ionizing Radiation: A Review of Contemporary Scientific Literature and Suggested Directions for Future Research[23] - (Full text)

Gastrointestinal / Digestive[edit | edit source]

  • 2018, A systematic review of enteric dysbiosis in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis[24] - (Full text)
  • 2017, Vitamin and mineral status in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis[25] - (Full text)

Exercise capacity, fitness or strength[edit | edit source]

  • 2011, Tired of being inactive: a systematic literature review of physical activity, physiological exercise capacity and muscle strength in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome[26] - (Full text)

Psychiatric, psychological and personality[edit | edit source]

  • 2016, The association between borderline personality disorder, fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome: systematic review[27] - (Full text)
  • 2008, A systematic review of chronic fatigue syndrome: don't assume it's depression[28] - (Full text)

Disability, quality of life, work/employment rates and recovery[edit | edit source]

Cognitive or neurocognitive functioning[edit | edit source]

  • 2013, Caught in the thickness of brain fog: exploring the cognitive symptoms of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome[29] (Full text)
  • 2013, Neurocognitive impairment in childhood chronic fatigue syndrome[30] (Full text)
  • 2013, Cognitive impairments associated with CFS and POTS[31] (Full text)
  • 2016, Cognitive dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome[32] (Full text)
  • 2022, Systematic review and meta‐analysis of cognitive impairment in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)[33] - (Full text)

Recovery, employment and disability rates[edit | edit source]

  • 2022, Is It Useful to Question the Recovery Behaviour of Patients with ME/CFS or Long COVID?[34] - (Full text)

General[edit | edit source]

  • 2002, AHRQ review - Systematic review of the current literature related to disability and chronic fatigue syndrome[35] - (Full text)

Treatments[edit | edit source]

Randomized controlled trial reviews[edit | edit source]

  • 2020, Systematic review of randomized controlled trials for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)[36] - (Full text)
  • 2020, Assessment of the scientific rigour of randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise therapy for patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: A systematic review[37] - (Abstract)

Drug and Chinese medicine systematic reviews[edit | edit source]

  • 2020, Systematic review of randomized controlled trials for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)[36] - (Full text)
  • 2016, A Systematic Review of Drug Therapies for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis[38] - (Full text)
  • 2014, Traditional Chinese medicine for chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials[39] - (Abstract)

Diet or nutritional supplement reviews[edit | edit source]

  • 2021, A systematic review of nutraceutical interventions for mitochondrial dysfunctions in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome[40] - (Full text)
  • 2018, Are probiotic treatments useful on fibromyalgia syndrome or chronic fatigue syndrome patients? A systematic review[41] - (Abstract)
  • 2020, Systematic review of randomized controlled trials for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)[36] - (Full text)
  • 2017, Dietary and nutrition interventions for the therapeutic treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a systematic review[42] - (Full text)
  • 2017, Role of dietary modification in alleviating chronic fatigue syndrome symptoms: a systematic review[43] - (Full text)
  • 2016, A systematic review of probiotic interventions for gastrointestinal symptoms and irritable bowel syndrome in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)[44] - (Abstract)

Alternative or complementary therapies[edit | edit source]

  • 2020, Systematic review of randomized controlled trials for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)[36] - (Full text)
  • 2011, Complementary and alternative medicine for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review[45] - (Full text)

Psychological, behavioral and exercise treatment reviews[edit | edit source]

  • 2022, Is It Useful to Question the Recovery Behaviour of Patients with ME/CFS or Long COVID?[34] - (Full text)
  • 2021, Systematic Review of Mind-Body Interventions to Treat Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome[46] - (Full text)
  • 2020, Systematic review of randomized controlled trials for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)[36] - (Full text)
  • 2019, Work Rehabilitation and Medical Retirement for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients. A Review and Appraisal of Diagnostic Strategies[47] - (Full text)
  • 2019, Cognitive behavioural therapy for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome is not effective. Re-analysis of a Cochrane review[48] - (Full text)
  • 2018, Rethinking the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome — A reanalysis and evaluation of findings from a recent major trial of graded exercise and CBT[49] - (Full Text)
  • 2018, Graded exercise therapy for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome is not effective and unsafe. Re-analysis of a Cochrane review[50] (Full Text)
  • 2017, Assessment of Individual PACE Trial Data: in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Cognitive Behavioral and Graded Exercise Therapy are Ineffective, Do Not Lead to Actual Recovery and Negative Outcomes may be Higher than Reported[51] (Full text)
  • 2018, The effect of physiotherapy on fatigue and physical functioning in chronic fatigue syndrome patients: a systematic review[52] - (Full text)
  • 2017, Do evidence based interventions for chronic fatigue syndrome improve sleep? A systematic review and narrative synthesis[53] - (Full text)
  • 2009, A review on cognitive behavorial therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET) in myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)/chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): CBT/GET is not only ineffective and not evidence-based, but also potentially harmful for many patients with ME/CFS[54] - (Full text)

Other treatment reviews[edit | edit source]

  • 2020, Systematic review of randomized controlled trials for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)[36] - (Full text)
  • 2018, The effect of physiotherapy on fatigue and physical functioning in chronic fatigue syndrome patients: a systematic review[52] - (Full text)
  • 2015, Pathways to prevention report - Treatment of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop[55] - (Full text)
  • 2003, York Review - Interventions for the treatment, management and rehabilitation of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: an updated systematic review - (Full text)
  • 2006, York Review - Interventions for the treatment, management and rehabilitation of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: an updated systematic review - (Full text)
The York Review was used as the evidence based for the UK's 2007 NICE guidelines, and was based on data provided by Simon Wessely.
  • 2006, Inadequacy of the York (2005) Systematic Review of the CFS/ME Medical Evidence Base (Full text)

Psychological and sociological reviews[edit | edit source]

  • 2012, A review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies on myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome[56] - (Full text)
  • 2012, Quality and acceptability of patient-reported outcome measures used in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME): a systematic review[57] - (Full text)
  • 2009, A review on cognitive behavorial therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET) in myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)/chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): CBT/GET is not only ineffective and not evidence-based, but also potentially harmful for many patients with ME/CFS[54] - (Full text)
  • 2009, The expressed needs of people with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a systematic review[58] - (Full text)
  • 2008, A systematic review of chronic fatigue syndrome: don't assume it's depression[28] - (Full text)

General reviews[edit | edit source]

Special populations[edit | edit source]

Different racial groups and ethnic minorities[edit | edit source]

Pediatric[edit | edit source]

  • 2017, Children's experiences of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME): a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative studies[60] - (Full text)
  • 2016, Treatment for paediatric chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) and comorbid depression: a systematic review[61] - (Full text)
  • 2013, Interventions in pediatric chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a systematic review [62] - (Abstract)

Severe Myalgic Encephalomyelitis[edit | edit source]

  • 2021, Systematic Review of Sleep Characteristics in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome[63] (Full text)

General[edit | edit source]

  • 2016, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) or "Systemic Immune Disorder" (SID)?[64] - (Full text)

Other reviews[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

Learn more[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Lim, Eun-Jin; Ahn, Yo-Chan; Jang, Eun-Su; Lee, Si-Woo; Lee, Su-Hwa; Son, Chang-Gue (February 24, 2020). "Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)". Journal of Translational Medicine. 18 (1): 100. doi:10.1186/s12967-020-02269-0. ISSN 1479-5876. PMC 7038594. PMID 32093722.
  2. ↑ Johnston, Samantha; Brenu, Ekua W.; Staines, Donald R.; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (June 1, 2013). "The adoption of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis case definitions to assess prevalence: a systematic review". Annals of Epidemiology. 23 (6): 371–376. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.04.003. ISSN 1047-2797.
  3. ↑ Estévez-López, Fernando; Mudie, Kathleen; Wang-Steverding, Xia; Bakken, Inger Johanne; Ivanovs, Andrejs; Castro-Marrero, Jesús; Nacul, Luis; Alegre, Jose; Zalewski, Paweł (May 21, 2020). "Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Burden of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Across Europe: Current Evidence and EUROMENE Research Recommendations for Epidemiology". Journal of Clinical Medicine. 9 (5): 1557. doi:10.3390/jcm9051557. ISSN 2077-0383. PMC 7290765. PMID 32455633.
  4. ↑ Cairns, R.; Hotopf, M. (January 1, 2005). "A systematic review describing the prognosis of chronic fatigue syndrome". Occupational Medicine. 55 (1): 20–31. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqi013. ISSN 0962-7480.
  5. ↑ Eriksen, Willy (October 2, 2018). "ME/CFS, case definition, and serological response to Epstein-Barr virus. A systematic literature review". Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior. 6 (4): 220–234. doi:10.1080/21641846.2018.1503125. ISSN 2164-1846.
  6. ↑ Brurberg, Kjetil Gundro; Fønhus, Marita Sporstøl; Larun, Lillebeth; Flottorp, Signe; Malterud, Kirsti (February 1, 2014). "Case definitions for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME): a systematic review". BMJ Open. 4 (2): e003973. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003973. ISSN 2044-6055. PMID 24508851.
  7. ↑ Baraniuk, James N. (February 2022). "Review of the Midbrain Ascending Arousal Network Nuclei and Implications for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), Gulf War Illness (GWI) and Postexertional Malaise (PEM)". Brain Sciences. 12 (2): 132. doi:10.3390/brainsci12020132. ISSN 2076-3425. PMC 8870178. PMID 35203896.
  8. ↑ Shan, Zack Y.; Barnden, Leighton R.; Kwiatek, Richard A.; Bhuta, Sandeep; Hermens, Daniel F.; Lagopoulos, Jim (September 1, 2020). "Neuroimaging characteristics of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS): a systematic review". Journal of Translational Medicine. 18 (1): 335. doi:10.1186/s12967-020-02506-6. ISSN 1479-5876. PMC 7466519. PMID 32873297.
  9. ↑ Maksoud, Rebekah; Preez, Stanley du; Eaton-Fitch, Natalie; Thapaliya, Kiran; Barnden, Leighton; Cabanas, Hélène; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (April 30, 2020). "A systematic review of neurological impairments in myalgic encephalomyelitis/ chronic fatigue syndrome using neuroimaging techniques". PLOS ONE. 15 (4): e0232475. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0232475. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7192498. PMID 32353033.
  10. ↑ Nelson, Maximillian J.; Bahl, Jasvir S.; Buckley, Jonathan D.; Thomson, Rebecca L.; Davison, Kade (October 25, 2019). "Evidence of altered cardiac autonomic regulation in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome". Medicine. 98 (43). doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000017600. ISSN 0025-7974. PMC 6824690. PMID 31651868.
  11. ↑ VanElzakker, Michael B.; Brumfield, Sydney A.; Lara Mejia, Paula S. (January 10, 2019). "Neuroinflammation and Cytokines in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): A Critical Review of Research Methods". Frontiers in Neurology. 9. doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.01033. ISSN 1664-2295. PMC 6335565. PMID 30687207.
  12. ↑ Cauwenbergh, Deborah Van; Nijs, Jo; Kos, Daphne; Weijnen, Laura Van; Struyf, Filip; Meeus, Mira (2014). "Malfunctioning of the autonomic nervous system in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic literature review". European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 44 (5): 516–526. doi:10.1111/eci.12256. ISSN 1365-2362.
  13. ↑ Briggs, Nathaniel C.; Levine, Paul H. (January 1, 1994). "A Comparative Review of Systemic and Neurological Symptomatology in 12 Outbreaks Collectively Described as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Epidemic Neuromyasthenia, and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 18 (Supplement_1): S32–S42. doi:10.1093/clinids/18.Supplement_1.S32. ISSN 1058-4838.
  14. ↑ Strawbridge, Rebecca; Sartor, Maria-Laura; Scott, Fraser; Cleare, Anthony J. (December 1, 2019). "Inflammatory proteins are altered in chronic fatigue syndrome—A systematic review and meta-analysis". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 107: 69–83. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.011. ISSN 0149-7634.
  15. ↑ Blundell, S.; Ray, K.K.; Buckland, M.; White, P. D. (November 1, 2015). "Chronic fatigue syndrome and circulating cytokines: A systematic review". Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 50: 186–195. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.004. ISSN 0889-1591.
  16. ↑ Nijs, Jo; Nees, Andrea; Paul, Lorna; De Kooning, Margot; Ickmans, Kelly; Meeus, Mira; Van Oosterwijck, Jessica (2014). "Altered immune response to exercise in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a systematic literature review". Exercise Immunology Review. 20: 94–116. ISSN 1077-5552. PMID 24974723.
  17. ↑ Lyall, Marc; Peakman, Mark; Wessely, Simon (August 1, 2003). "A systematic review and critical evaluation of the immunology of chronic fatigue syndrome". Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 55 (2): 79–90. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00515-9. ISSN 0022-3999.
  18. ↑ Tsaryk, V.V.; Novoskoltsev, A.K. (December 30, 2018). "The role of herpesviruses 6 and 7 in the development of chronic fatigue syndrome: a review of literature and description of clinical cases". Likarska sprava (7–8): 24–31. doi:10.31640/jvd.7-8.2018(4). ISSN 1019-5297.
  19. ↑ Azami, Milad; Adhami Mojarad, Mohammad Reza; Mansouri, Akram; Tardeh, Zainab (August 1, 2017). "The Association Between Borna Disease Virus and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
  20. ↑ Cauwenbergh, Deborah Van; Nijs, Jo; Kos, Daphne; Weijnen, Laura Van; Struyf, Filip; Meeus, Mira (2014). "Malfunctioning of the autonomic nervous system in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic literature review". European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 44 (5): 516–526. doi:10.1111/eci.12256. ISSN 1365-2362.
  21. ↑ Meeus, Mira; Goubert, Dorien; De Backer, Fien; Struyf, Filip; Hermans, Linda; Coppieters, Iris; De Wandele, Inge; Da Silva, Hellen; Calders, Patrick (October 1, 2013). "Heart rate variability in patients with fibromyalgia and patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: A systematic review". Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 43 (2): 279–287. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.03.004. ISSN 0049-0172.
  22. ↑ Huth, Teilah Kathryn; Eaton-Fitch, Natalie; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (December 2020). "A systematic review of metabolomic dysregulation in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease (CFS/ME/SEID)". Journal of Translational Medicine. 18 (1): 198. doi:10.1186/s12967-020-02356-2. ISSN 1479-5876. PMC 7222338. PMID 32404171.
  23. ↑ Rusin, Andrej; Seymour, Colin; Mothersill, Carmel (March 4, 2018). "Chronic fatigue and immune deficiency syndrome (CFIDS), cellular metabolism, and ionizing radiation: a review of contemporary scientific literature and suggested directions for future research". International Journal of Radiation Biology. 94 (3): 212–228. doi:10.1080/09553002.2018.1422871. ISSN 0955-3002. PMID 29297728.
  24. ↑ Du Preez, S.; Corbitt, M.; Cabanas, H.; Eaton, N.; Staines, D.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S. (December 20, 2018). "A systematic review of enteric dysbiosis in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis". Systematic Reviews. 7 (1): 241. doi:10.1186/s13643-018-0909-0. ISSN 2046-4053. PMC 6302292. PMID 30572962.
  25. ↑ Joustra, Monica L.; Minovic, Isidor; Janssens, Karin A.M.; Bakker, Stephan J.L.; Rosmalen, Judith G.M. (April 28, 2017). "Vitamin and mineral status in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis". PLOS ONE. 12 (4): e0176631. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176631. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5409455. PMID 28453534.
  26. ↑ Nijs, Jo; Aelbrecht, Senne; Meeus, Mira; Oosterwijck, Jessica Van; Zinzen, Evert; Clarys, Peter (January 1, 2011). "Tired of being inactive: a systematic literature review of physical activity, physiological exercise capacity and muscle strength in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome". Disability and Rehabilitation. 33 (17–18): 1493–1500. doi:10.3109/09638288.2010.541543. ISSN 0963-8288. PMID 21166613.
  27. ↑ Penfold, Sarah; Denis, Emily St; Mazhar, Mir Nadeem (July 2016). "The association between borderline personality disorder, fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome: systematic review". BJPsych Open. 2 (4): 275–279. doi:10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.002808. ISSN 2056-4724.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Griffith, James P.; Zarrouf, Fahd A. (2008). "A Systematic Review of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Don't Assume It's Depression". Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 10 (2): 120–128. ISSN 1523-5998. PMC 2292451. PMID 18458765.
  29. ↑ Ocon, Anthony James (2013). "Caught in the thickness of brain fog: exploring the cognitive symptoms of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". Frontiers in Physiology. 4. doi:10.3389/fphys.2013.00063. ISSN 1664-042X.
  30. ↑ Mizuno, Kei; Watanabe, Yasuyoshi (2013). "Neurocognitive impairment in childhood chronic fatigue syndrome". Frontiers in Physiology. 4. doi:10.3389/fphys.2013.00087. ISSN 1664-042X.
  31. ↑ Jason, Leonard; Shanks, Lindzi; Evans, Meredyth; Brown, Abigail (2013). "Cognitive impairments associated with CFS and POTS". Frontiers in Physiology. 4: 113. doi:10.3389/fphys.2013.00113. ISSN 1664-042X.
  32. ↑ Cvejic, Erin; Birch, Rachael C.; Vollmer-Conna, Uté (March 31, 2016). "Cognitive Dysfunction in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: a Review of Recent Evidence". Current Rheumatology Reports. 18 (5): 24. doi:10.1007/s11926-016-0577-9. ISSN 1534-6307.
  33. ↑ Aoun Sebaiti, Mehdi; Hainselin, Mathieu; Gounden, Yannick; Sirbu, Carmen Adella; Sekulic, Slobodan; Lorusso, Lorenzo; Nacul, Luis; Authier, François Jérôme (February 9, 2022). "Systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive impairment in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 2157. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-04764-w. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 8828740. PMID 35140252.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Vink, Mark; Vink-Niese, Friso (February 2022). "Is It Useful to Question the Recovery Behaviour of Patients with ME/CFS or Long COVID?". Healthcare. 10 (2): 392. doi:10.3390/healthcare10020392. ISSN 2227-9032.
  35. ↑ Ross, S; Levine, C; Ganz, N; Frame, D; Estok, R; Stone, L; Ludensky, V (December 2002), "Systematic Review of the Current Literature Related to Disability and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 66 (Prepared by MetaWorks Inc. Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No 29097-0016). AHRQ Publication No. 03-E007" (PDF), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD, retrieved May 25, 2020
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 36.4 36.5 Kim, Do-Young; Lee, Jin-Seok; Park, Samuel-Young; Kim, Soo-Jin; Son, Chang-Gue (January 6, 2020). "Systematic review of randomized controlled trials for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)". Journal of Translational Medicine. 18 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1186/s12967-019-02196-9. ISSN 1479-5876. PMC 6943902. PMID 31906979.
  37. ↑ Ahmed, SA; Mewes, JC; Vrijhoef, HJM (February 1, 2020). "Assessment of the scientific rigour of randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise therapy for patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: A systematic review". Journal of Health Psychology. 25 (2): 240–255. doi:10.1177/1359105319847261. ISSN 1359-1053.
  38. ↑ Collatz, Ansel; Johnston, Samantha C.; Staines, Donald R.; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya M. (June 1, 2016). "A Systematic Review of Drug Therapies for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis". Clinical Therapeutics. 38 (6): 1263–1271.e9. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.04.038. ISSN 0149-2918.
  39. ↑ Wang, Yu-Yi; Li, Xin-Xue; Liu, Jian-Ping; Luo, Hui; Ma, Li-Xin; Alraek, Terje (August 1, 2014). "Traditional Chinese medicine for chronic fatigue syndrome: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials". Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 22 (4): 826–833. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2014.06.004. ISSN 0965-2299.
  40. ↑ Maksoud, Rebekah; Balinas, Cassandra; Holden, Sean; Cabanas, Hélène; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (February 17, 2021). "A systematic review of nutraceutical interventions for mitochondrial dysfunctions in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome". Journal of Translational Medicine. 19 (1): 81. doi:10.1186/s12967-021-02742-4. ISSN 1479-5876. PMC 7890871. PMID 33596913.
  41. ↑ Roman, P.; Carrillo-Trabalón, F.; Sánchez-Labraca, N.; Cañadas, F.; Estévez, A.F.; Cardona, D. (June 15, 2018). "Are probiotic treatments useful on fibromyalgia syndrome or chronic fatigue syndrome patients? A systematic review". ingentaconnect.com. Retrieved July 12, 2020.
  42. ↑ Campagnolo, N.; Johnston, S.; Collatz, A.; Staines, D.; Marshall‐Gradisnik, S. (2017). "Dietary and nutrition interventions for the therapeutic treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a systematic review". Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 30 (3): 247–259. doi:10.1111/jhn.12435. ISSN 1365-277X. PMC 5434800. PMID 28111818.
  43. ↑ Jones, Kathryn; Probst, Yasmine (2017). "Role of dietary modification in alleviating chronic fatigue syndrome symptoms: a systematic review". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 41 (4): 338–344. doi:10.1111/1753-6405.12670. ISSN 1753-6405.
  44. ↑ Corbitt, Matthew; Campagnolo, N.; Staines, D.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S. (September 1, 2018). "A Systematic Review of Probiotic Interventions for Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)". Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins. 10 (3): 466–477. doi:10.1007/s12602-018-9397-8. ISSN 1867-1314.
  45. ↑ Alraek, Terje; Lee, Myeong Soo; Choi, Tae-Young; Cao, Huijuan; Liu, Jianping (October 7, 2011). "Complementary and alternative medicine for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: A systematic review". BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 11 (1): 87. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-11-87. ISSN 1472-6882. PMC 3201900. PMID 21982120.
  46. ↑ Khanpour Ardestani, Samaneh; Karkhaneh, Mohammad; Stein, Eleanor; Punja, Salima; Junqueira, Daniela R.; Kuzmyn, Tatiana; Pearson, Michelle; Smith, Laurie; Olson, Karin; Vohra, Sunita (June 24, 2021). "Systematic Review of Mind-Body Interventions to Treat Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". Medicina. 57 (7): 652. doi:10.3390/medicina57070652. ISSN 1648-9144. PMC 8305555. PMID 34202826.
  47. ↑ Vink, Mark; Vink-Niese, Alexandra (September 20, 2019). "Work Rehabilitation and Medical Retirement for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients. A Review and Appraisal of Diagnostic Strategies". Diagnostics. 9 (4): 124. doi:10.3390/diagnostics9040124. ISSN 2075-4418.
  48. ↑ Vink, Mark; Vink-Niese, Alexandra (January 2019). "Cognitive behavioural therapy for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome is not effective. Re-analysis of a Cochrane review". Health Psychology Open. 6 (1): 205510291984061. doi:10.1177/2055102919840614. ISSN 2055-1029. PMC 6498783. PMID 31080632.
  49. ↑ Wilshire, C; Kindlon, T; Courtney, R; Matthees, A; Tuller, D; Geraghty, K; Levin, B (2018). "Rethinking the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome—A reanalysis and evaluation of findings from a recent major trial of graded exercise and CBT". BMC Psychology. 6 (6). doi:10.1186/s40359-018-0218-3.
  50. ↑ Vink, Mark; Vink-Niese, Alexandra (July 2018). "Graded exercise therapy for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome is not effective and unsafe. Re-analysis of a Cochrane review". Health Psychology Open. 5 (2): 2055102918805187. doi:10.1177/2055102918805187. ISSN 2055-1029. PMID 30305916.
  51. ↑ Vink, Mark (2017). "Assessment of Individual PACE Trial Data in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Cognitive Behavioual Therapy and Graded Exercise Therapy are Ineffective, Do Not Lead to Actual Recovery and Negative Outcomes may be Higher than Reported". J Neuro Neurobiol. 3 (1). doi:10.16966/2379-7150.136.
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 Galeoto, G.; Sansoni, J.; Valenti, D.; Mollica, R.; Valente, D.; Parente, M.; Servadio, A. (September 2018). "The effect of physiotherapy on fatigue and physical functioning in chronic fatigue syndrome patients: A systematic review". La Clinica Terapeutica. 169 (4): e184–e188. doi:10.7417/T.2018.2076. ISSN 1972-6007. PMID 30151552.
  53. ↑ Russell, Charlotte; Kyle, Simon D.; Wearden, Alison J. (June 1, 2017). "Do evidence based interventions for chronic fatigue syndrome improve sleep? A systematic review and narrative synthesis". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 33: 101–110. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.05.001. ISSN 1087-0792.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 Twisk, Frank N; Maes, Michael (2009). "A Review on Cognitive Behavorial Therapy (CBT) and Graded Exercise Therapy (GET) in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS): CBT/GET Is Not Only Ineffective and Not Evidence-Based, but Also Potentially Harmful for Many Patients With ME/CFS". Neuro endocrinology letters. PMID 19855350. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
  55. ↑ Smith, M.E. Beth; Haney, Elizabeth; McDonagh, Marian; Pappas, Miranda; Daeges, Monica; Wasson, Ngoc; Fu, Rongwei; Nelson, Heidi D. (June 16, 2015). "Treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Systematic Review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop". Annals of Internal Medicine. 162 (12): 841–850. doi:10.7326/M15-0114. ISSN 0003-4819.
  56. ↑ Anderson, Valerie R.; Jason, Leonard A.; Hlavaty, Laura E.; Porter, Nicole; Cudia, Jacqueline (February 1, 2012). "A review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies on Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome". Patient Education and Counseling. 86 (2): 147–155. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2011.04.016. ISSN 0738-3991.
  57. ↑ Haywood, Kirstie L.; Staniszewska, Sophie; Chapman, Sarah (February 1, 2012). "Quality and acceptability of patient-reported outcome measures used in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME): a systematic review". Quality of Life Research. 21 (1): 35–52. doi:10.1007/s11136-011-9921-8. ISSN 1573-2649.
  58. ↑ Drachler, Maria de Lourdes; Leite, Jose Carlos de Carvalho; Hooper, Lee; Hong, Chia Swee; Pheby, Derek; Nacul, Luis; Lacerda, Eliana; Campion, Peter; Killett, Anne (December 11, 2009). "The expressed needs of people with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: A systematic review". BMC Public Health. 9 (1): 458. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-458. ISSN 1471-2458. PMC 2799412. PMID 20003363.
  59. ↑ Singh, Shubh Mohan; Sarkar, Siddharth; Rao, Pradyumna; Balachander, Srinivas (July 1, 2014). "Chronic fatigue syndrome: A review". Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil University. 7 (4): 415. doi:10.4103/0975-2870.135252. ISSN 0975-2870.
  60. ↑ Parslow, Roxanne M.; Harris, Sarah; Broughton, Jessica; Alattas, Adla; Crawley, Esther; Haywood, Kirstie; Shaw, Alison (January 1, 2017). "Children's experiences of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME): a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative studies". BMJ Open. 7 (1): e012633. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012633. ISSN 2044-6055. PMID 28087544.
  61. ↑ Loades, Maria E.; Sheils, Elizabeth A.; Crawley, Esther (October 1, 2016). "Treatment for paediatric chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) and comorbid depression: a systematic review". BMJ Open. 6 (10): e012271. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012271. ISSN 2044-6055. PMID 27729349.
  62. ↑ Knight, Sarah J.; Scheinberg, Adam; Harvey, Adrienne R. (August 1, 2013). "Interventions in Pediatric Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: A Systematic Review". Journal of Adolescent Health. 53 (2): 154–165. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.03.009. ISSN 1054-139X.
  63. ↑ Maksoud, Rebekah; Eaton-Fitch, Natalie; Matula, Michael; Cabanas, Hélène; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (May 2021). "Systematic Review of Sleep Characteristics in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". Healthcare. 9 (5): 568. doi:10.3390/healthcare9050568.
  64. ↑ Comhaire, Frank; Devriendt, Gabriel (2016). "Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) or "Systemic Immune Disorder" (SID)?". Internal Medicine: Open Access. 06 (05). doi:10.4172/2165-8048.1000225. ISSN 2165-8048.

See ME/CFS.

myalgic encephalomyelitis (M.E.) - A disease often marked by neurological symptoms, but fatigue is sometimes a symptom as well. Some diagnostic criteria distinguish it from chronic fatigue syndrome, while other diagnostic criteria consider it to be a synonym for chronic fatigue syndrome. A defining characteristic of ME is post-exertional malaise (PEM), or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which is a notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. An estimated 25% of those suffering from ME are housebound or bedbound. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ME as a neurological disease.

myalgic encephalomyelitis (M.E.) - A disease often marked by neurological symptoms, but fatigue is sometimes a symptom as well. Some diagnostic criteria distinguish it from chronic fatigue syndrome, while other diagnostic criteria consider it to be a synonym for chronic fatigue syndrome. A defining characteristic of ME is post-exertional malaise (PEM), or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which is a notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. An estimated 25% of those suffering from ME are housebound or bedbound. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ME as a neurological disease.

post-exertional malaise (PEM) - A notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small physical or cognitive exertions. PEM may be referred to as a "crash" or "collapse" and can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain, trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, and others.

post-exertional malaise (PEM) - A notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small physical or cognitive exertions. PEM may be referred to as a "crash" or "collapse" and can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain, trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, and others.

See post-exertional malaise.

cytokine any class of immunoregulatory proteins secreted by cells, especially immune cells. Cytokines are small proteins important in cell signaling that modulate the immune system. (Learn more: me-pedia.org)

cytokine any class of immunoregulatory proteins secreted by cells, especially immune cells. Cytokines are small proteins important in cell signaling that modulate the immune system. (Learn more: me-pedia.org)

heart rate variability (HRV) - A measurement of the variability of the heart rate over time. When the heart rate is consistent, there will be a low heart rate variability. When the heart rate is constantly changing, there will be a high heart rate variability. Heart rate variability is often used by ME/CFS patients to monitor their autonomic nervous system, as high heart rate variability is associated with the sympathetic nervous system and low heart rate variability is associated with the parasympathetic nervous system.

metabolomics The analysis of the chemical metabolism within cells, tissues or organisms. The term is often used to refer to the full set of metabolites found in a cell in a given environment.

systemic exertion intolerance disease (SEID) - A term for ME/CFS that aims to avoid the stigma associated with the term "chronic fatigue syndrome", while emphasizing the defining characteristic of post-exertional malaise (PEM). SEID was defined as part of the diagnostic criteria put together by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report of 10 February 2015.

systemic exertion intolerance disease (SEID) - A term for ME/CFS that aims to avoid the stigma associated with the term "chronic fatigue syndrome", while emphasizing the defining characteristic of post-exertional malaise (PEM). SEID was defined as part of the diagnostic criteria put together by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report of 10 February 2015.

See systemic exertion intolerance disease.

chronic fatigue (CF) - Persistent and abnormal fatigue is a symptom, not an illness. It may be caused by depression, multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome or many other illnesses. The term "chronic fatigue" should never be confused with the disease chronic fatigue syndrome.

Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome (CFIDS) - Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome is another term for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, but one which emphasizes the immunological aspects of the disease. Popular in the 1990s, this term has apparently fallen into disuse.

See Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome.

Concerning living organisms, such as cells or the human body.[1]  Physio logical (as in physio) is not to be confused with psych ological (emotional stress).

physiological Concerning living organisms, such as cells or the human body.  Physio logical (as in physio) is not to be confused with psych ological (emotional stress).

cognition Thought processes, including attention, reasoning, and memory.

cognition Thought processes, including attention, reasoning, and memory.

See postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.

postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) - A form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

See Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) - Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality is a United States government agency under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Their mission is "to produce evidence to make health care safer, higher quality, more accessible, equitable, and affordable. A representative of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality sat on the (now disbanded) CFSAC committee as an Ex Officio Member.

randomized controlled trial (RCT) - A trial in which participants are randomly assigned to two groups, with one group receiving the treatment being studied and a control or comparison group receiving a sham treatment, placebo, or comparison treatment.

randomized controlled trial (RCT) - A trial in which participants are randomly assigned to two groups, with one group receiving the treatment being studied and a control or comparison group receiving a sham treatment, placebo, or comparison treatment.

mitochondria Important parts of the biological cell, with each mitochondrion encased within a mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondria are best known for their role in energy production, earning them the nickname "the powerhouse of the cell". Mitochondria also participate in the detection of threats and the response to these threats. One of the responses to threats orchestrated by mitochondria is apoptosis, a cell suicide program used by cells when the threat can not be eliminated.

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying alleged unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE trial.

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying alleged unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE trial.

See cognitive behavioral therapy.

graded exercise therapy (GET) - A gradual increase in exercise or activity, according to a pre-defined plan. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

PACE trial A controversial study which claimed that CBT and GET were effective in treating "CFS/ME", despite the fact that its own data did not support this conclusion. Its results and methodology were widely disputed by patients, scientists, and the peer-reviewed scientific literature.

graded exercise therapy (GET) - A gradual increase in exercise or activity, according to a pre-defined plan. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

graded exercise therapy (GET) - A gradual increase in exercise or activity, according to a pre-defined plan. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

See Graded exercise therapy.

NICE guidelines Clinical guidelines used in the UK.

subjective outcome An outcome of a clinical trial that depends on the judgement or opinion of the assessor or patient, e.g. asking if fatigue has increased or decreased "a little" or "a lot", patient questionnaires like the Chalder Fatigue Scale, and other patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

The BMJ (previously the British Medical Journal) is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal.

BMJ The BMJ (previously the British Medical Journal) is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal.

somatic symptom disorder A psychiatric term to describe an alleged condition whereby a person's thoughts somehow cause physical symptoms. The actual existence of such a condition is highly controversial, due to a lack of scientific evidence. It is related to other psychiatric terms, such as "psychosomatic", "neurasthenia", and "hysteria". Older terms include "somatization", "somatoform disorder", and "conversion disorder". Such terms refer to a scientifically-unsupported theory that claims that a wide range of physical symptoms can be created by the human mind, a theory which has been criticized as "mind over matter" parapsychology, a pseudoscience.

myalgic encephalomyelitis (M.E.) - A disease often marked by neurological symptoms, but fatigue is sometimes a symptom as well. Some diagnostic criteria distinguish it from chronic fatigue syndrome, while other diagnostic criteria consider it to be a synonym for chronic fatigue syndrome. A defining characteristic of ME is post-exertional malaise (PEM), or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which is a notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. An estimated 25% of those suffering from ME are housebound or bedbound. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ME as a neurological disease.

myalgic encephalomyelitis (M.E.) - A disease often marked by neurological symptoms, but fatigue is sometimes a symptom as well. Some diagnostic criteria distinguish it from chronic fatigue syndrome, while other diagnostic criteria consider it to be a synonym for chronic fatigue syndrome. A defining characteristic of ME is post-exertional malaise (PEM), or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which is a notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. An estimated 25% of those suffering from ME are housebound or bedbound. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ME as a neurological disease.

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