Kynurenine: Difference between revisions
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'''Kynurenine''' is an [[amino acid]] that is produced in the body by the metabolism of the essential amino acid [[tryptophan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/kynurenine|title=Medical Definition of KYNURENINE|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en|access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Kynurenine|title=Kynurenine|last=National Center for Biotechnology Information|first=|authorlink=|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|date=|website=PubChem Database|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2020-01-19}}</ref> | '''Kynurenine''' is an [[amino acid]] that is produced in the body by the metabolism of the essential amino acid [[tryptophan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/kynurenine|title=Medical Definition of KYNURENINE|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en|access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Kynurenine|title=Kynurenine|last=National Center for Biotechnology Information|first=|authorlink=|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|date=|website=PubChem Database|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2020-01-19}}</ref> | ||
== ME/CFS == | ==ME/CFS == | ||
The [[Open Medicine Foundation]]'s [[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study]] found that patients in the study group with severe ME had one of several defects involving the [[Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 2|IDO2]] gene, which affected tryptophan - kynurenine metabolism.<ref name="Phair2019" /> This lead to the [[Metabolic trap|Metabolic Trap]] theory.<ref name="Phair2019">{{Cite journal|last=Phair|first=Robert D.|author-link=Robert Phair|last2=Davis|first2=Ronald W.|author-link2=Ron Davis|last3=Kashi|first3=Alex A.|author-link3=Alex Kashi|author-link4=|author-link5=|author-link6=|date=2019|title=The IDO Metabolic Trap Hypothesis for the Etiology of ME/CFS|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/9/3/82|journal=Diagnostics|language=en|volume=9|issue=3|pages=82|doi=10.3390/diagnostics9030082|quote=|via=}}</ref> | The [[Open Medicine Foundation]]'s [[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study]] found that patients in the study group with severe ME had one of several defects involving the [[Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 2|IDO2]] gene, which affected tryptophan - kynurenine metabolism.<ref name="Phair2019" /> This lead to the [[Metabolic trap|Metabolic Trap]] theory.<ref name="Phair2019">{{Cite journal|last=Phair|first=Robert D.|author-link=Robert Phair|last2=Davis|first2=Ronald W.|author-link2=Ron Davis|last3=Kashi|first3=Alex A.|author-link3=Alex Kashi|author-link4=|author-link5=|author-link6=|date=2019|title=The IDO Metabolic Trap Hypothesis for the Etiology of ME/CFS|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/9/3/82|journal=Diagnostics|language=en|volume=9|issue=3|pages=82|doi=10.3390/diagnostics9030082|quote=|via=}}</ref> | ||
In May 2020, the Open Medicine Foundation announced a pilot treatment trial of kynurenine for [[ME/CFS]].<ref name="maymomentum">{{Cite web|url=https://www.omf.ngo/maymomentum/|title=#May Momentum 2020|last=Open Medicine Foundation|first=|authorlink=Open Medicine Foundation|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|date=|website=Open Medicine Foundation|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2020-05-01}}</ref> | === Uppsala trial, Sweden === | ||
In May 2020, the Open Medicine Foundation announced a pilot treatment trial of kynurenine for [[ME/CFS]].<ref name="maymomentum">{{Cite web|url=https://www.omf.ngo/maymomentum/|title=#May Momentum 2020|last=Open Medicine Foundation|first=|authorlink=Open Medicine Foundation|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|date=|website=Open Medicine Foundation|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2020-05-01}}</ref> Dr [[Jonas Bergquist]] will be running the trial.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.omf.ngo/2020/04/26/kynurenine-clinical-trial-for-me-cfs/|title=Kynurenine Clinical Trial for ME / CFS|last=Open Medicine Foundation|first=|authorlink=Open Medicine Foundation|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|date=2020-04-26|website=Open Medicine Foundation|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2020-05-05}}</ref> | |||
==== Trial type: ==== | |||
Pilot trial, with cross-over at 3 months. Patients receiving the kynurenine will change to the placebo after 3 months, and patients receiving the placebo will switch to the kynurenine. No control group.<ref name="maymomentum" /><ref name=":0" /> | |||
==== Aims: ==== | |||
To see whether kynurenine improves [[Cognitive dysfunction|cognitive impairment]] (brain fog), [[Headache|headaches]] and [[Memory problems|memory]] in ME/CFS patients.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
==== Patients: ==== | |||
Only 20 out of a group of 100 ME/CFS patients. Patients will be those identified as having a low level of kynurenine in blood serum and ME/CFS.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
==== Outcomes: ==== | |||
Measurements will be taken from wearable sensors.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
==Learn more== | ==Learn more== | ||
*[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Kynurenine Kynurenine] - PubChem | *[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Kynurenine Kynurenine] - PubChem | ||
*[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/L-Kynurenine L-Kynurenine] - PubChem | *[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/L-Kynurenine L-Kynurenine] - PubChem | ||
*[https://www.omf.ngo/2020/04/26/kynurenine-clinical-trial-for-me-cfs/ Kynurenine clinical trial] - Open Medicine Foundation | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Kynurenine pathway]] | * [[Kynurenine pathway]] | ||
*[[Metabolic trap]] | *[[Metabolic trap]] | ||
* [[Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase| IDO]] | *[[Open Medicine Foundation]] | ||
* [[Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase|IDO]] | |||
*[[Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 2|IDO2]] | *[[Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 2|IDO2]] | ||
* [[Tryptophan]] | * [[Tryptophan]] | ||
Revision as of 01:11, May 5, 2020
 | This article is a stub. |
Kynurenine is an amino acid that is produced in the body by the metabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan.[1][2]
ME/CFS[edit | edit source]
The Open Medicine Foundation's ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study found that patients in the study group with severe ME had one of several defects involving the IDO2 gene, which affected tryptophan - kynurenine metabolism.[3] This lead to the Metabolic Trap theory.[3]
Uppsala trial, Sweden[edit | edit source]
In May 2020, the Open Medicine Foundation announced a pilot treatment trial of kynurenine for ME/CFS.[4] Dr Jonas Bergquist will be running the trial.[5]
Trial type:[edit | edit source]
Pilot trial, with cross-over at 3 months. Patients receiving the kynurenine will change to the placebo after 3 months, and patients receiving the placebo will switch to the kynurenine. No control group.[4][5]
Aims:[edit | edit source]
To see whether kynurenine improves cognitive impairment (brain fog), headaches and memory in ME/CFS patients.[5]
Patients:[edit | edit source]
Only 20 out of a group of 100 ME/CFS patients. Patients will be those identified as having a low level of kynurenine in blood serum and ME/CFS.[5]
Outcomes:[edit | edit source]
Measurements will be taken from wearable sensors.[5]
Learn more[edit | edit source]
- Kynurenine - PubChem
- L-Kynurenine - PubChem
- Kynurenine clinical trial - Open Medicine Foundation
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Medical Definition of KYNURENINE". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved November 30, 2019.
- ↑ National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Kynurenine". PubChem Database. Retrieved January 19, 2020. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
|dead-url=(help) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Phair, Robert D.; Davis, Ronald W.; Kashi, Alex A. (2019). "The IDO Metabolic Trap Hypothesis for the Etiology of ME/CFS". Diagnostics. 9 (3): 82. doi:10.3390/diagnostics9030082.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Open Medicine Foundation. "#May Momentum 2020". Open Medicine Foundation. Retrieved May 1, 2020. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
|dead-url=(help) - ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Open Medicine Foundation (April 26, 2020). "Kynurenine Clinical Trial for ME / CFS". Open Medicine Foundation. Retrieved May 5, 2020. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
|dead-url=(help)
