Kynurenine
Kynurenine is an amino acid that is produced in the body by the metabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan.[1][2]
Contents
ME/CFS[edit | edit source]
The Open Medicine Foundation's ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study found that patients in the study group with severe ME had one of several defects involving the IDO2 gene, which affected tryptophan - kynurenine metabolism.[3] This lead to the Metabolic Trap theory.[3]
Kynurenine is a neuroprotectant and a potential treatment. A clinical trial has been announced to investigate the effects of kynurenine, Robert Phair has stated the potential benefits of kynurenine in people with ME/CFS that may be:
- reduced brain fog
- reduced memory impairment, and
- improvements in headache symptoms[4]
Uppsala trial, Sweden[edit | edit source]
In May 2020, the Open Medicine Foundation announced a pilot treatment trial of kynurenine for ME/CFS.[5] Dr Jonas Bergquist will be running the trial.[6]
Trial type[edit | edit source]
Pilot trial, with cross-over at 3 months. Patients receiving the kynurenine will change to the placebo after 3 months, and patients receiving the placebo will switch to the kynurenine. No control group.[5][6]
Aims[edit | edit source]
To see whether kynurenine improves cognitive impairment (brain fog), headaches and memory in ME/CFS patients.[6]
Patients[edit | edit source]
Only 20 out of a group of 100 ME/CFS patients. Patients will be those identified as having a low level of kynurenine in blood serum and ME/CFS.[6]
Outcomes[edit | edit source]
Measurements will be taken from wearable sensors.[6]
Potential benefits[edit | edit source]
Kynurenine might be beneficial to ME/CFS patients; the Open Medicine Foundation's kynurenine trial aims to investigate this.
Suppose that some brain cells in a particular brain nucleus are in the IDO metabolic trap. This means that in those cells the concentration of tryptophan is too high, and the concentration of kynurenine is too low.Supplying an outside source of kynurenine, as Dr. Bergquist proposes, could conceivably solve part of the problem by allowing those brain cells to make the neuroactive metabolites of kynurenine that they cannot make if the metabolic trap has been sprung. So, the clinical trial might improve symptoms caused by too little kynurenine or too little kynurenic acid, a known neuroprotectant.
Dr. Bergquist's expertly designed clinical trial of kynurenine in ME/CFS to improve brain fog, memory, and headache is both important and timely.[4]
— Robert Phair, Kynurenine and the Metabolic Trap Hypothesis
Learn more[edit | edit source]
- Kynurenine - PubChem
- L-Kynurenine - PubChem
- Kynurenine clinical trial - Open Medicine Foundation
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Medical Definition of KYNURENINE". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved Nov 30, 2019.
- ↑ National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Kynurenine". PubChem Database. Retrieved Jan 19, 2020.
- ↑ 3.03.1 Phair, Robert D.; Davis, Ronald W.; Kashi, Alex A. (2019). "The IDO Metabolic Trap Hypothesis for the Etiology of ME/CFS". Diagnostics. 9 (3): 82. doi:10.3390/diagnostics9030082.
- ↑ 4.04.1 Open Medicine Foundation (May 26, 2020). "OMF Announces New Treatment Trial". Retrieved Jul 3, 2020.
- ↑ 5.05.1 Open Medicine Foundation. "#May Momentum 2020". Open Medicine Foundation. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
- ↑ 6.06.16.26.36.4 Open Medicine Foundation (Apr 26, 2020). "Kynurenine Clinical Trial for ME / CFS". Open Medicine Foundation. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
ME/CFS - An acronym that combines myalgic encephalomyelitis with chronic fatigue syndrome. Sometimes they are combined because people have trouble distinguishing one from the other. Sometimes they are combined because people see them as synonyms of each other.
α - Greek letter alpha or alfa (symbol)
serum - The clear yellowish fluid that remains from blood plasma after clotting factors have been removed by clot formation. (Blood plasma is simply blood that has had its blood cells removed.)
indoleamine (IDO) - any derivatives of an indole (e.g., serotonin, tryptophan) that contain an amine group
indole (IDO) - a signalling molecule produced by bacteria as a result of metabolising tryptophan, found in the intestines
metabolic trap hypothesis - An hypothesis which proposes that the normal metabolic functioning of the cell has become "trapped" in an abnormal state, which may lead to body-wide symptoms.
metabolite - A chemical compound produced by, or involved in, metabolism. The term is often used to refer to the degradation products of drugs in the body.
metabolic trap hypothesis - An hypothesis which proposes that the normal metabolic functioning of the cell has become "trapped" in an abnormal state, which may lead to body-wide symptoms.
The information provided at this site is not intended to diagnose or treat any illness.
From MEpedia, a crowd-sourced encyclopedia of ME and CFS science and history.
