Brains of People With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Offer Clues About Disorder - New York Times: Well (2014)

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Top scans: Healthy control patient; Bottom scans: chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patient

Brains of People With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Offer Clues About Disorder - New York Times: Well (2014) is one of many ME/CFS articles by David Tuller.[1]

The images document neuroinflammation which causes many neurological symptoms experienced by patients.

Plainly seen is the result of neuroinflammation's impact on the brain.

Brain imaging studies mentioned in article[edit | edit source]

  • 2014, A Japanese PET scan study looked at neuroinflammation in 9 patients with ME/CFS and 10 controls. They measured a protein expressed by activated microglia, and found that values in the cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, midbrain, and pons were 45%–199% higher in ME/CFS patients than in healthy controls. The values in the amygdala, thalamus, and midbrain positively correlated with cognitive impairment score, the values in the cingulate cortex and thalamus positively correlated with pain score, and the value in the hippocampus positively correlated with depression score.[4][1]

Myalgic encephalomyelitis[edit | edit source]

Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) was the original name for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS); the names are often used interchangeably or with the acronym ME/CFS.[5] The name Myalgic Encephalomyelitis was coined by the Lancet journal following the 1955 Royal Free Hospital outbreak, [6] although it is often wrongly attributed to Melvin Ramsay.[7][8][9] and is a portmanteau of several of the key signs and symptoms of the disease: myalgic (muscle pain), encephalo (brain), myel (spinal cord), itis (inflammation).[10] The central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) are inflamed.[10]

  • Myalgic adj. - of or relating to myalgia. (muscle pain).[11]

Criteria defining ME, CFS, and ME/CFS[edit | edit source]

Main article: Definitions of myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome

Patients that meet the International Consensus Criteria (ICC) defining ME are usually more severely impaired than patients that meet the Canadian Consensus Criteria (CCC) defining ME/CFS, or the minimum core symptoms needed to diagnose patients with Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease (SEID); also an ME/CFS criterion. Researchers believe all patients meeting these criterion, including Fukuda criteria (with post-exertional malaise "option") defining CFS, are experiencing brain inflammation.[15][16]

See also[edit | edit source]

Learn more[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Tuller, David (November 14, 2014). "Brains of People With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Offer Clues About Disorder". The New York Times - Well. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
  2. ↑ Zeineh, Michael M.; Kang, James; Atlas, Scott W.; Raman, Mira M.; Reiss, Allan L.; Norris, Jane L.; Valencia, Ian; Montoya, Jose G. (February 2015). "Right Arcuate Fasciculus Abnormality in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". Radiology. 274 (2): 517–526. doi:10.1148/radiol.14141079. ISSN 0033-8419.
  3. ↑ Goldman, Bruce (October 28, 2014). "Study finds brain abnormalities in chronic fatigue patients". Standford University News Center. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
  4. ↑ Nakatomi, Yasuhito; Mizuno, Kei; Ishii, Akira; Wada, Yasuhiro; Tanaka, Masaaki; Tazawa, Shusaku; Onoe, Kayo; Fukuda, Sanae; Kawabe, Joji; Takahashi, Kazuhiro; Kataoka, Yosky; Shiomi, Susumu; Yamaguti, Kouzi; Inaba, Masaaki; Kuratsune, Hirohiko; Watanabe, Yasuyoshi (March 24, 2014), "Neuroinflammation in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: An ¹¹C-(R)-PK11195 PET Study", Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 55 (6): 945-50, doi:10.2967/jnumed.113.131045, PMID 24665088
  5. ↑ Carruthers, Bruce M.; Jain, Anil Kumar; De Meirleir, Kenny L.; Peterson, Daniel L.; Klimas, Nancy G.; Lerner, A. Martin; Bested, Alison C.; Flor-Henry, Pierre; Joshi, Pradip; Powles, AC Peter; Sherkey, Jeffrey A.; van de Sande, Marjorie I. (2003), "Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Clinical Working Case Definition, Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols" (PDF), Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, 11 (2): 7–115, doi:10.1300/J092v11n01_02
  6. ↑ "A new clinical entity?" (PDF). Lancet. 1: 789–790. 1956.
  7. ↑ Speight, Nigel (2013). "Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: Review of history, clinical features, and controversies". Saudi J Med Med Sci. 1 (1): 11–13. doi:10.4103/1658-631x.112905.
  8. ↑ Smith, David G (1989). Understanding M.E.: The Phenomenon of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Acute Onset Post Viral Fatigue Syndrome. p. 20.
  9. ↑ "An Outbreak of Encephalomyelitis in the Royal Free Hospital Group, London, in 1955". British Medical Journal. 2 (5050): 895–904. October 19, 1957. ISSN 0007-1447. PMID 13472002.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Hooper, Malcolm. "The Terminology of ME & CFS".
  11. ↑ "myalgic". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved August 12, 2018.
  12. ↑ "encephalo-". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved August 12, 2018.
  13. ↑ "myel-". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved August 12, 2018.
  14. ↑ "Itis". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved August 12, 2018.
  15. ↑ Morris, Gerwyn; Maes, Michael (December 2013). "Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and encephalomyelitis disseminata/multiple sclerosis show remarkable levels of similarity in phenomenology and neuroimmune characteristics". BMC Medicine. 11 (1): 205. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-205. ISSN 1741-7015. PMC 3847236. PMID 24229326.
  16. ↑ Nakatomi, Y.; Mizuno, K.; Ishii, A.; Wada, Y.; Tanaka, M.; Tazawa, S.; Onoe, K.; Fukuda, S.; Kawabe, J.; Takahashi, Kazuhiro; Kataoka, Yosky; Shiomi, Susumu; Yamaguti, Kouzi; Masaaki, Inaba; Kuratsune, Hirohiko; Watanabe, Yasuyoshi (June 1, 2014). "Neuroinflammation in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: An 11C-(R)-PK11195 PET Study". Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 55 (6): 945–950. doi:10.2967/jnumed.113.131045. ISSN 0161-5505.

Part of the brain, within the temporal lobe. Related to memory and emotional behavior.[1]

amygdala Part of the brain, within the temporal lobe. Related to memory and emotional behavior.

cognition Thought processes, including attention, reasoning, and memory.

myalgic encephalomyelitis (M.E.) - A disease often marked by neurological symptoms, but fatigue is sometimes a symptom as well. Some diagnostic criteria distinguish it from chronic fatigue syndrome, while other diagnostic criteria consider it to be a synonym for chronic fatigue syndrome. A defining characteristic of ME is post-exertional malaise (PEM), or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which is a notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. An estimated 25% of those suffering from ME are housebound or bedbound. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ME as a neurological disease.

myalgic encephalomyelitis (M.E.) - A disease often marked by neurological symptoms, but fatigue is sometimes a symptom as well. Some diagnostic criteria distinguish it from chronic fatigue syndrome, while other diagnostic criteria consider it to be a synonym for chronic fatigue syndrome. A defining characteristic of ME is post-exertional malaise (PEM), or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which is a notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. An estimated 25% of those suffering from ME are housebound or bedbound. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ME as a neurological disease.

International Consensus Criteria (ICC) - A set of diagnostic criteria, based on the Canadian Consensus Criteria, that argued for the abandonment of the term "chronic fatigue syndrome" and encouraged the sole use of the term "myalgic encephalomyelitis".

See International Consensus Criteria.

See Canadian consensus criteria.

Canadian Consensus Criteria (CCC) - A set of diagnostic criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS, developed by a group of practicing ME/CFS clinicians in 2003. The CCC is often considered to be the most complex criteria, but possibly the most accurate, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the International Consensus Criteria (ICC) in 2011.

systemic exertion intolerance disease (SEID) - A term for ME/CFS that aims to avoid the stigma associated with the term "chronic fatigue syndrome", while emphasizing the defining characteristic of post-exertional malaise (PEM). SEID was defined as part of the diagnostic criteria put together by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report of 10 February 2015.

See systemic exertion intolerance disease.

myalgic encephalomyelitis (M.E.) - A disease often marked by neurological symptoms, but fatigue is sometimes a symptom as well. Some diagnostic criteria distinguish it from chronic fatigue syndrome, while other diagnostic criteria consider it to be a synonym for chronic fatigue syndrome. A defining characteristic of ME is post-exertional malaise (PEM), or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which is a notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. An estimated 25% of those suffering from ME are housebound or bedbound. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ME as a neurological disease.

myalgic encephalomyelitis (M.E.) - A disease often marked by neurological symptoms, but fatigue is sometimes a symptom as well. Some diagnostic criteria distinguish it from chronic fatigue syndrome, while other diagnostic criteria consider it to be a synonym for chronic fatigue syndrome. A defining characteristic of ME is post-exertional malaise (PEM), or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which is a notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. An estimated 25% of those suffering from ME are housebound or bedbound. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ME as a neurological disease.

BMJ The BMJ (previously the British Medical Journal) is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal.

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