Serotonin
Serotonin or 5-Hydroxytryptamine or 5HT is a monoamine neurotransmitter derived from tryptophan. It is found in the gastrointestinal tract, platelets, and the central nervous system.
5-Hydroxytryptophan[edit | edit source]
5-Hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) is the precursor to serotonin (5HT).
Function[edit | edit source]
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter and is activated by threats to homeostasis. According to Pereira et al. 2021), serotonin is linked to the regulation of:
- dysautonomia
- dyspnea
- fatigue
- glucose control
- hypothyroidism
- immune system functioning
- proprioception, and
- sensory sensitivity[1]
Serotonin acting drugs[edit | edit source]
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the most popular class of antidepressants, and selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) have proved ineffective in ME/CFS.[2][3] SSRIs indiscriminately modulate serotonin.[1]
In human disease[edit | edit source]
ME/CFS[edit | edit source]
The CRFR2 upregulation hypothesis of ME/CFS, which is the theory behind the clinicial trials of CT38, proposes that serotonin is dysregulated in ME/CFS, and that excessive serotonin desensitizes 5HT1A, which then leaves serotonin elevated and a loss of homeostasis.[1]
Notable studies[edit | edit source]
- 2015, A Model of Post-Infection Fatigue Is Associated with Increased TNF and 5-HT2A Receptor Expression in Mice
- 2008, Genetic evaluation of the serotonergic system in chronic fatigue syndrome
- 2004 Reduction of serotonin transporters of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
- 1997, Blunted serotonin-mediated activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in chronic fatigue syndrome.
Learn more[edit | edit source]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Pereira, Gerard; Gillies, Hunter; Chanda, Sanjay; Corbett, Michael; Vernon, Suzanne D.; Milani, Tina; Bateman, Lucinda (2021). "Acute Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor Type 2 Agonism Results in Sustained Symptom Improvement in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience. 15: 84. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2021.698240. ISSN 1662-5137. PMC 8441022. PMID 34539356.
- ↑ Carruthers, BM; van de Sande, MI; De Meirleir, KL; Klimas, NG; Broderick, G; Mitchell, T; Staines, D; Powles, ACP; Speight, N; Vallings, R; Bateman, L; Bell, DS; Carlo-Stella, N; Chia, J; Darragh, A; Gerken, A; Jo, D; Lewis, DP; Light, AR; Light, KC; Marshall-Gradisnik, S; McLaren-Howard, J; Mena, I; Miwa, K; Murovska, M; Stevens, SR (2012), Myalgic encephalomyelitis: Adult & Paediatric: International Consensus Primer for Medical Practitioners (PDF), ISBN 978-0-9739335-3-6
- ↑ Carruthers, Bruce M.; Jain, Anil Kumar; De Meirleir, Kenny L.; Peterson, Daniel L.; Klimas, Nancy G.; Lerner, A. Martin; Bested, Alison C.; Flor-Henry, Pierre; Joshi, Pradip; Powles, AC Peter; Sherkey, Jeffrey A.; van de Sande, Marjorie I. (2003), "Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Clinical Working Case Definition, Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols" (PDF), Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, 11 (2): 7–115, doi:10.1300/J092v11n01_02
