Neurotransmitter: Difference between revisions
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*'''[[Amino acid]]s:''' [[glutamate]], [[aspartate]], [[D-serine]], [[γ-aminobutyric acid]] (GABA), [[glycine]] | *'''[[Amino acid]]s:''' [[glutamate]], [[aspartate]], [[D-serine]], [[γ-aminobutyric acid]] (GABA), [[glycine]] | ||
*'''[[Monoamine]]s:''' [[dopamine]] (DA), [[norepinephrine]] (noradrenaline; NE, NA), [[epinephrine]] (adrenaline), [[histamine]], [[serotonin]] (SER, 5-HT) | *'''[[Monoamine]]s:''' [[dopamine]] (DA), [[norepinephrine]] (noradrenaline; NE, NA), [[epinephrine]] (adrenaline), [[histamine]], [[serotonin]] (SER, 5-HT) | ||
*'''Cholinergic neurotransmitter:''' [[Acetylcholine]] (ACh) | |||
*'''[[Trace amine]]s''': [[phenethylamine]], [[N-methylphenethylamine|''N''-methylphenethylamine]], [[tyramine]], [[3-iodothyronamine]], [[octopamine (neurotransmitter)|octopamine]], [[tryptamine]], etc. | *'''[[Trace amine]]s''': [[phenethylamine]], [[N-methylphenethylamine|''N''-methylphenethylamine]], [[tyramine]], [[3-iodothyronamine]], [[octopamine (neurotransmitter)|octopamine]], [[tryptamine]], etc. | ||
*'''Unusual neurotransmitters''': [[Gasotransmitter]]s - [[nitric oxide]] (NO), [[carbon monoxide]] (CO), [[hydrogen sulfide]] (H<sub>2</sub>S); Endogenous [[cannabis]]: Endocannabinoids, [[Zinc]]; D-serine | |||
*'''[[Peptide]]s:''' [[somatostatin]], [[substance P]], [[cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript]], [[opioid peptide]]s | *'''[[Peptide]]s:''' [[somatostatin]], [[substance P]], [[cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript]], [[opioid peptide]]s | ||
*'''[[Purinergic signalling|Purines]]:''' [[adenosine triphosphate]] (ATP), [[adenosine]] | *'''[[Purinergic signalling|Purines]]:''' [[adenosine triphosphate]] (ATP), [[adenosine]] | ||
* | * '''[[Putative neurotransmitter]]s:''' [[prostaglandin]]s, [[adenosine triphosphate]] (ATP), [[adenosine]] | ||
*Others: [[anandamide]], etc.: [[anandamide]], etc. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 18:27, January 13, 2020
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons, or from neurons to other cells.[1] Neurotransmitters may transmit signals across neuromuscular junctions, between muscle cells, gland cells, and immune cells.
Over 100 substances that act as neurotransmitters to have been identified. The most common are:
- Amino acids: glutamate, aspartate, D-serine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine
- Monoamines: dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (noradrenaline; NE, NA), epinephrine (adrenaline), histamine, serotonin (SER, 5-HT)
- Cholinergic neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine (ACh)
- Trace amines: phenethylamine, N-methylphenethylamine, tyramine, 3-iodothyronamine, octopamine, tryptamine, etc.
- Unusual neurotransmitters: Gasotransmitters - nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S); Endogenous cannabis: Endocannabinoids, Zinc; D-serine
- Peptides: somatostatin, substance P, cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript, opioid peptides
- Purines: adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine
- Putative neurotransmitters: prostaglandins, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine
- Others: anandamide, etc.: anandamide, etc.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Wilkinson, Michael; Brown, Richard E., eds. (2015). "Neurotransmitters". An Introduction to Neuroendocrinology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 79–114. ISBN 978-0-521-80647-3.
