Diamine oxidase
Diamine oxidase (DAO), also known as histaminase, is an enzyme that breaks down histamine. The highest concentrations of DAO are found in the digestive tract and the placenta.[1]
DAO is also available as a food supplement under the brand names DAOSin, DAO Histaminase, Histame, HistamAid88, and Dao Histamine Digester Supplement, and others.[2]
Theory[edit | edit source]
DAO levels in the body cannot be changed, but DAO supplements taken with a meal can reduce the levels of histamine absorbed from that meal, reducing the severity of any histamine reactions.[3][4]
Two studies have investigated serum levels of DAO as a potential diagnostic test for histamine intolerance (HIT), but this is not a widely accepted diagnostic test.[5]:40-41
Supplementation[edit | edit source]
DAO food supplements are taken for histamine intolerance in patients with low DAO, for example the supplement DAOsin.[3][6]
DAO food supplements form are sometimes taken by individuals with mast cell activation disorder.[citation needed]
In rats, Magnesium is an important cofactor in the production of DAO and magnesium deficiency may result in decreased DAO activity and excess histamine levels.[7]
Copper, Vitamin B6[8] and Vitamin C are other important DAO cofactors.
Heparin increases the activity of DAO in the blood.[9]
Cost and availability[edit | edit source]
DAO supplements are available without a prescription. Some DAO supplements contain extra active ingredients such as quercetin, rutin, vitamin C or other vitamins, calcium or other minerals, plus inactive ingredients including stabilizers, or preservatives.[2]
Learn more[edit | edit source]
- DAO: What you need to know - Histamine Sensitivity
- The Food List - Histamine Intolerance
Low Histamine Foods (downloads)[edit | edit source]
- ISHI Histamine Elimination Diet
- Histamine-reduced diet - DAO Deficiency
- Low Histamine Food List
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Agúndez, JA; Ayuso, P; Cornejo-García, JA; Blanca, M; Torres, MJ; Doña, I; Salas, M; Blanca-López, N; Canto, G; Rondon, C; Campo, P; Laguna, JJ; Fernández, J; Martínez, C; García-Martín, E (2012). "The diamine oxidase gene is associated with hypersensitivity response to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs". PLOS ONE. 7 (11): e47571. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047571. PMID 23152756.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Daimine Oxidase (DAO): what you need to know". histamine-sensitivity.com. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Schnedl, Wolfgang J.; Schenk, Michael; Lackner, Sonja; Enko, Dietmar; Mangge, Harald; Forster, Florian (December 2019). "Diamine oxidase supplementation improves symptoms in patients with histamine intolerance". Food Science and Biotechnology. 28 (6): 1779–1784. doi:10.1007/s10068-019-00627-3. ISSN 2092-6456. PMC 6859183. PMID 31807350.
- ↑ "What is DAO deficiency?". DAO Deficient. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ↑ Pokorski, Mieczyslaw (January 15, 2018). Current Concepts in Medical Research and Practice. Springer. pp. 40–41. ISBN 978-3-319-74150-5.
- ↑ Sciotec Diagnostic Technologies GmbH (April 16, 2018). "Pilotstudie Zur Untersuchung Der Wirkung Einer Oralen Supplementation Von Diaminooxidase (DAOsin®) Bei Histamin-Intoleranz in Bezug Auf Die Steigerung Der Erniedrigten Endogenen Diaminooxidase-Aktivität". clinicaltrials.gov (in Deutsch).
- ↑ Nishio, A.; Ishiguro, S.; Miyao, N. (1987). "Specific change of histamine metabolism in acute magnesium-deficient young rats". Drug-Nutrient Interactions. 5 (2): 89–96. ISSN 0272-3530. PMID 3111814.
- ↑ Martner-Hewes, P.M.; Hunt, I.F.; Murphy, N.J.; Swendseid, M.E.; Settlage, R.H. (December 1, 1986). "Vitamin B-6 nutriture and plasma diamine oxidase activity in pregnant Hispanic teenagers". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 44 (6): 907–913. ISSN 0002-9165. PMID 3098085.
- ↑ Klocker, Josef; Perkmann, Reinhold; Klein-Weigel, Peter; Mörsdorf, Gabriele; Drasche, Astrid; Klingler, Anton; Fraedrich, Gustav; Schwelberger, Hubert G. (January 2004). "Continuous administration of heparin in patients with deep vein thrombosis can increase plasma levels of diamine oxidase". Vascular Pharmacology. 40 (6): 293–300. doi:10.1016/j.vph.2004.02.002. ISSN 1537-1891. PMID 15063833.
