Complement C4a

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Complement C4a or complement component 4a is a glycoprotein and peptide that is expressed, primarily in the liver and in macrophages, in response to acute inflammation or tissue injury.[1][2] Complement C4a is part of the Complement C4 family.[3]

ME/CFS[edit | edit source]

Increased C4a levels have been found one to six hours after exercise challenge tests in ME/CFS patients but not in healthy controls.[4]

A significant correlation was found [in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome patients] between the increase in C4a and total symptom score (P < .05) and the following individual symptoms: headaches (P < .02), joint problems (P < .05), and thinking difficulty (P < .03), through the use of 1-sided tests.[4] — Sorensen et al, 2003

Nijs et al. (2010) found a strong relation between the change in complement C4a level and an increase in post-exertional pain and fatigue in ME/CFS patients.[5] Previously, complement C4a, in combination with other proteins, was being considered as a potential diagnostic biomarker of post-exertional malaise in ME/CFS.[6]

Notable studies[edit | edit source]

  • 2003, Complement activation in a model of chronic fatigue syndrome[4] - (Abstract)
  • 2009, Transcriptional Control of Complement Activation in an Exercise Model of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome[6] - (Full text)
  • 2010, Unravelling the nature of postexertional malaise in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: the role of elastase, complement C4a and interleukin-1β[5] - (Abstract)

See also[edit | edit source]

Learn more[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Complement C4a MeSH Descriptor Data 2022 | MeSH Browser". National Institutes of Health. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
  2. ↑ Behairy, Behairy E.; El-Mashad, Ghada M.; Abd-Elghany, Ragab S.; Ghoneim, Enas M.; Sira, Mostafa M. (August 27, 2013). "Serum complement C4a and its relation to liver fibrosis in children with chronic hepatitis C". World Journal of Hepatology. 5 (8): 445–451. doi:10.4254/wjh.v5.i8.445.
  3. ↑ Klos, Andreas; Tenner, Andrea J.; Johswich, Kay-Ole; Ager, Rahasson R.; Reis, Edimara S.; Köhl, Jörg (September 2009). "The Role of the Anaphylatoxins in Health and Disease". Molecular immunology. 46 (14): 2753–2766. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2009.04.027. ISSN 0161-5890. PMC 2725201. PMID 19477527.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Sorensen, Bristol; Streib, Joanne E.; Strand, Matthew; Make, Barry; Giclas, Patricia C.; Fleshner, Monika; Jones, James F. (August 2003). "Complement activation in a model of chronic fatigue syndrome". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 112 (2): 397–403. doi:10.1067/mai.2003.1615. ISSN 0091-6749. PMID 12897748.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Nijs, J.; Van Oosterwijck, J.; Meeus, M.; Lambrecht, L.; Metzger, K.; Frémont, M.; Paul, L. (2010). "Unravelling the nature of postexertional malaise in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: the role of elastase, complement C4a and interleukin-1β". Journal of Internal Medicine. 267 (4): 418–435. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02178.x. ISSN 1365-2796.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Sorensen, Bristol; Jones, James F; Vernon, Suzanne D; Rajeevan, Mangalathu S (January 2009). "Transcriptional Control of Complement Activation in an Exercise Model of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". Molecular Medicine. 15 (1–2): 34–42. doi:10.2119/molmed.2008.00098. PMC 2583111. PMID 19015737.

post-exertional malaise (PEM) - A notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small physical or cognitive exertions. PEM may be referred to as a "crash" or "collapse" and can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain, trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, and others.

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