Oxidative phosphorylation

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The oxidative phosphorylation or OXPHOS or OX-PHOS pathway, along with glycolysis are the two main energy-generating mitochondrial pathways.[1]

Function[edit | edit source]

The oxidative phosphorylation pathway produces more than 95% of a cell's energy in the form of ATP. This is done by the mitochondria, in a process called chemiosmosis.[2][3][4]

ME/CFS[edit | edit source]

Vermeulen et al. (2010) conducted a small controlled trial of 15 female patients who performed a two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test (C-PET) and found that patients had a much lower oxygen consumption when they reached their anaerobic threshold on the maximal exercise test compared to controls, and this was much worse on the second test. Levels of oxygen phosphorylation was similar in patients and controls and creatin kinase remained low, suggesting lactate in patients was higher and mitochondrial ATP production was lower.[5] They concluded that results suggested normal muscular mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation lactate, and that did not show defects in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.[5]

Silvestre et al. (2019) found that oxidative phosphorylation was deregulated in ME/CFS patients.[1]

Notable studies[edit | edit source]

  • 2010, Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome performed worse than controls in a controlled repeated exercise study despite a normal oxidative phosphorylation capacity[5] (Full text)
  • 2019, Mitochondrial alterations in NK lymphocytes from ME/CFS patients[1] (Abstract)
  • 2020, A SWATH-MS analysis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome peripheral blood mononuclear cell proteomes reveals mitochondrial dysfunction[6] - (Full text)

See also[edit | edit source]

Learn more[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Barao-Silvestre, Isabel; Dagda, Raul Y.; Dagda, Ruben K.; Darley-Usmar, Victor (May 1, 2019). "Mitochondrial alterations in NK lymphocytes from ME/CFS patients". The Journal of Immunology. 202 (1 Supplement): 126.39–126.39. ISSN 0022-1767.
  2. ↑ Clark MA, Douglas M, Choi J (March 28, 2018). "Oxidative Phosphorylation". Biology 2e. Houston, Texas: OpenStax.
  3. ↑ "Definition of Oxidative phosphorylation". Merrian-Webster Medical Dictionary. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  4. ↑ "Oxidative Phosphorylation". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Vermeulen, RC; Kirk, RM; Visser, FC; Sluiter, W; Scholte, HR (October 2010). "Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome performed worse than controls in a controlled repeated exercise study despite a normal oxidative phosphorylation capacity". Journal of Translational Medicine. 8: 93. doi:10.1186/1479-5876-8-93. PMID 20937116.
  6. ↑ Sweetman, Eiren; Kleffmann, Torsten; Edgar, Christina; de Lange, Michel; Vallings, Rosamund; Tate, Warren (September 24, 2020). "A SWATH-MS analysis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome peripheral blood mononuclear cell proteomes reveals mitochondrial dysfunction". Journal of Translational Medicine. 18 (1): 365. doi:10.1186/s12967-020-02533-3. ISSN 1479-5876. PMC 7512220.

oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) - The oxidative phosphorylation pathway produces more than 95% of a cell's energy in the form of ATP. This is done by the mitochondria, in a process called chemiosmosis.

oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) - The oxidative phosphorylation pathway produces more than 95% of a cell's energy in the form of ATP. This is done by the mitochondria, in a process called chemiosmosis.

mitochondria Important parts of the biological cell, with each mitochondrion encased within a mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondria are best known for their role in energy production, earning them the nickname "the powerhouse of the cell". Mitochondria also participate in the detection of threats and the response to these threats. One of the responses to threats orchestrated by mitochondria is apoptosis, a cell suicide program used by cells when the threat can not be eliminated.

mitochondria Important parts of the biological cell, with each mitochondrion encased within a mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondria are best known for their role in energy production, earning them the nickname "the powerhouse of the cell". Mitochondria also participate in the detection of threats and the response to these threats. One of the responses to threats orchestrated by mitochondria is apoptosis, a cell suicide program used by cells when the threat can not be eliminated.

myalgic encephalomyelitis (M.E.) - A disease often marked by neurological symptoms, but fatigue is sometimes a symptom as well. Some diagnostic criteria distinguish it from chronic fatigue syndrome, while other diagnostic criteria consider it to be a synonym for chronic fatigue syndrome. A defining characteristic of ME is post-exertional malaise (PEM), or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which is a notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. An estimated 25% of those suffering from ME are housebound or bedbound. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ME as a neurological disease.

oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) - The oxidative phosphorylation pathway produces more than 95% of a cell's energy in the form of ATP. This is done by the mitochondria, in a process called chemiosmosis.

heart rate (HR) - the number of times the heart beats within a certain time period, usually a minute

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