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Coxsackievirus
Coxsackieviruses are non-enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses from the genus enterovirus, a genus which itself is part of the larger picornavirus family.[1] The enterovirus genus also includes human echoviruses, poliovirus and rhinoviruses.[1] Enteroviruses are among the most common and important human pathogens, and ordinarily these viruses are transmitted by the oral-oral or fecal-oral route.[2]
Coxsackieviruses are divided into the Coxsackie A group and the Coxsackie B group. Coxsackie B viruses can sometimes cause persistent non-cytolytic infections, and have been associated with numerous cases of epidemic[3][4] and sporadic[5][6][7][8] myalgic encephalomyelitis.
Immune response
In a mouse model of myocarditis, coxsackievirus infection was found to upregulate Toll-like receptor 4 on mast cells and macrophages immediately following infection. It also increased numbers of mast cells.[9]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Yin-Murphy, Marguerite; Almond, Jeffrey W. (1996). Baron, Samuel (ed.). Picornaviruses. Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. ISBN 978-0-9631172-1-2. PMID 21413259.
- ↑ "Dermatologic Manifestations of Enteroviral Infections: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology". March 22, 2020.
- ↑ Fegan, KG; Behan, PO; Bell, EJ (June 1, 1983), "Myalgic encephalomyelitis — report of an epidemic", J R Coll Gen Pract, 33 (251): 335–337, PMID 6310104
- ↑ Calder, BD; Warnock, PJ (January 1984), "Coxsackie B infection in a Scottish general practice", Jrnl Royal Coll Gen Pract, 34 (258): 15–19, PMID 6319691
- ↑ Yousef, G.E. (January 1988). "CHRONIC ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH POSTVIRAL FATIGUE SYNDROME". The Lancet.
- ↑ Nairn, C (August 1995). "Comparison of coxsackie B neutralisation and enteroviral PCR in chronic fatigue patients". Journal of Medical Virology.
- ↑ Chia, John (November 2005). "The role of enterovirus in chronic fatigue syndrome". Journal of Clinical Pathology.
- ↑ Gow, JW. "Enteroviral RNA sequences detected by polymerase chain reaction in muscle of patients with postviral fatigue syndrome". British Medical Journal.
- ↑ Fairweather, D (2005). "Viruses as adjuvants for autoimmunity: evidence from Coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis". Rev Med Virol.
