Leptin

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A computer graphic drawing of leptin.
Leptin

Leptin is a hormone involved in energy expenditure. Blood leptin levels vary exponentially with body fat mass (not linearly). Higher leptin levels are correlated with higher levels of inflammation.

Purpose[edit | edit source]

Leptin is primarily produced in the adipocytes of white adipose (fat) tissue. It helps to regulate energy balance by inhibiting feelings of hunger.

In M.E.[edit | edit source]

Two studies found correlation between leptin levels and symptom severity.[1][2] Another study found raised leptin levels in patients.[3] Several other studies have been published on leptin in ME and CFS.[4][5][6]

Australian researcher Michael Musker is undertaking a study entitled "Chronic fatigue syndrome: Leptin, interleukin 6 and clinical symptoms".[7][8]

Learn more[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Stringer, EA; Baker, KS; Carroll, IR; Montoya, JG; Chu, L; Maecker, HT; Younger, JW (2013), "Daily cytokine fluctuations, driven by leptin, are associated with fatigue severity in chronic fatigue syndrome: evidence of inflammatory pathology", Journal of Translational Medicine, 11 (1): 93, doi:10.1186/1479-5876-11-93, PMID 23570606
  2. ↑ Montoya, JG; Holmes, TH; Anderson, JN; Maecker, HT; Rosenberg-Hasson, Y; Valencia, IJ; Chu, L; Younger, JW; Tato, CM; Davis, MM (2017), "Cytokine signature associated with disease severity in chronic fatigue syndrome patients", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114 (34): E7150–E7158, doi:10.1073/pnas.1710519114, PMID 28760971
  3. ↑ Hornig, M; Montoya, JG; Klimas, NG; Levine, SM; Felsenstein, D; Bateman, L; Peterson, DL; Gottschalk, CG; Schultz, AF; Che, X; Eddy, ML; Komaroff, AL; Lipkin, WI (2015). "Distinct plasma immune signatures in ME/CFS are present early in the course of illness". Science Advances. 1 (1). doi:10.1126/sciadv.1400121.
  4. ↑ Cleare, Anthony J; O'Keane, V; Miell, J (2001), "Plasma leptin in chronic fatigue syndrome and a placebo-controlled study of the effects of low-dose hydrocortisone on leptin secretion", Clinical Endocrinology, 55 (1): 113-119, PMID 11453960
  5. ↑ Cleare, Anthony J (2003), "The neuroendocrinology of chronic fatigue syndrome", Endocrine Reviews, 24 (2): 236-252, doi:10.1210/er.2002-0014, PMID 12700181
  6. ↑ Covelli, V; Passeri, ME; Leogrande, D; Jirillo, E; Amati, L (2005), "Drug targets in stress-related disorders", Current Medicinal Chemistry, 12 (15): 1801–1809, PMID 16029148
  7. ↑ South Australian Health And Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) Calling For Research Participants
  8. ↑ Musker, Michael; McArthur, Alexa; Munn, Zachary; Wong, Ma-Li (November 2, 2020). "Circulating leptin levels in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis, chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia: a systematic review protocol". JBI Evidence Synthesis. 19 (3): 695–701. doi:10.11124/JBIES-20-00125. ISSN 2689-8381.

myalgic encephalomyelitis (M.E.) - A disease often marked by neurological symptoms, but fatigue is sometimes a symptom as well. Some diagnostic criteria distinguish it from chronic fatigue syndrome, while other diagnostic criteria consider it to be a synonym for chronic fatigue syndrome. A defining characteristic of ME is post-exertional malaise (PEM), or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which is a notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. An estimated 25% of those suffering from ME are housebound or bedbound. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ME as a neurological disease.

myalgic encephalomyelitis (M.E.) - A disease often marked by neurological symptoms, but fatigue is sometimes a symptom as well. Some diagnostic criteria distinguish it from chronic fatigue syndrome, while other diagnostic criteria consider it to be a synonym for chronic fatigue syndrome. A defining characteristic of ME is post-exertional malaise (PEM), or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which is a notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. An estimated 25% of those suffering from ME are housebound or bedbound. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ME as a neurological disease.

cytokine any class of immunoregulatory proteins secreted by cells, especially immune cells. Cytokines are small proteins important in cell signaling that modulate the immune system. (Learn more: me-pedia.org)

cytokine any class of immunoregulatory proteins secreted by cells, especially immune cells. Cytokines are small proteins important in cell signaling that modulate the immune system. (Learn more: me-pedia.org)

plasma The liquid part of blood, lymph, or milk after removing any suspended material. Most of the time, "plasma" simply refers to blood, after all the blood cells have been removed. If you also remove the clotting factors, then the plasma is referred to as "serum".

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