Ekua Brenu: Difference between revisions

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m (Undo revision 110603 by Notjusttired (talk))
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<references>
<references>
<ref name="Brenu, 2011">
<ref name="Brenu, 2011">
{{Citation |last1  = Brenu |first                1  |authorlink1 = Ekua Brenu |last2  = van Driel |first            2  |authorlink2 = |last3  = Staines |first              3  |authorlink3 = Donald Staines |last4  = Ashton |first              4  |authorlink4 = |last5  = Ramos |first                5  |authorlink5 = Sandra Ramos |last6  = Keane |first                6  |authorlink6 =   |last7  = Klimas |first              7  |authorlink7 = Nancy Klimas
{{Citation
| last1  = Brenu               | first1 = EW        | authorlink1 = Ekua Brenu  
| last2  = van Driel           | first2 = ML        | authorlink2 =  
| last3  = Staines             | first3 = DR        | authorlink3 = Donald Staines
| last4  = Ashton               | first4 = KJ        | authorlink4 =
| last5  = Ramos               | first5 = SB        | authorlink5 = Sandra Ramos
| last6  = Keane               | first6 = J        | authorlink6 =
| last7  = Klimas               | first7 = NG        | authorlink7 = Nancy Klimas
| last8  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first8 = SM        | authorlink8 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| last8  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first8 = SM        | authorlink8 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| title  = Immunological abnormalities as potential biomarkers in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis
| title  = Immunological abnormalities as potential biomarkers in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis
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</ref>
</ref>
<ref name="Brenu, 2012">
<ref name="Brenu, 2012">
{{Citation |last1  = Brenu |first                1  |authorlink1 = Ekua Brenu |last2  = Ashton |first              2  |authorlink2 = |last3  = van Driel |first            3  |authorlink3 = |last4  = Staines |first              4  |authorlink4 = Donald Staines |last5  = Peterson |first            5  |authorlink5 = Daniel Peterson |last6  = Atkinson |first            6  |authorlink6 =  
{{Citation
| last1  = Brenu               | first1 = EW        | authorlink1 = Ekua Brenu
| last2  = Ashton               | first2 = KJ        | authorlink2 =  
| last3  = van Driel           | first3 = M        | authorlink3 =  
| last4  = Staines             | first4 = D        | authorlink4 = Donald Staines
| last5  = Peterson             | first5 = D        | authorlink5 = Daniel Peterson
| last6  = Atkinson             | first6 = GM        | authorlink6 =  
| last7  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first7 = S        | authorlink7 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| last7  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first7 = S        | authorlink7 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| title  = Cytotoxic lymphocyte microRNAs as prospective biomarkers for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis.
| title  = Cytotoxic lymphocyte microRNAs as prospective biomarkers for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis.
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}}
}}
</ref>
</ref>
<ref name="BrenuEW2012">{{citation |last1  = Brenu |first              1  |authorlink1 = Ekua Brenu  
<ref name="BrenuEW2012">{{citation
| last1  = Brenu               | first1 = Ekua W    | authorlink1 = Ekua Brenu  
| last2  = van Driel          | first2 = Mieke L  | authorlink2 =  
| last2  = van Driel          | first2 = Mieke L  | authorlink2 =  
| last3  = Staines            | first3 = Donald R  | authorlink3 = Donald Staines
| last3  = Staines            | first3 = Donald R  | authorlink3 = Donald Staines
| last4  = Ashton              | first4 = Kevin J  | authorlink4 =  
| last4  = Ashton              | first4 = Kevin J  | authorlink4 =  
| last5  = Hardcastle          | first5 = Sharni L  | authorlink5 = Sharni Hardcastle |last6  = Keane |first              6  |authorlink6 = |last7  = Tajouri |first            7  |authorlink7 = |last8  = Peterson |first            8  |authorlink8 = Daniel Peterson
| last5  = Hardcastle          | first5 = Sharni L  | authorlink5 = Sharni Hardcastle
| last6  = Keane               | first6 = James    | authorlink6 =  
| last7  = Tajouri             | first7 = Lotti    | authorlink7 =  
| last8  = Peterson           | first8 = Daniel    | authorlink8 = Daniel Peterson
| last9  = Ramos              | first9 = Sandra B  | authorlink9 = Sandra Ramos
| last9  = Ramos              | first9 = Sandra B  | authorlink9 = Sandra Ramos
| last10  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first10 = Sonya M  | authorlink10 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| last10  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first10 = Sonya M  | authorlink10 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
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| url    = http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/10/1/88
| url    = http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/10/1/88
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="Brenu, Ekua, 2012">{{citation |last1  = Brenu |first              1  |authorlink1 = Ekua Brenu  
<ref name="Brenu, Ekua, 2012">{{citation
| last1  = Brenu               | first1 = Ekua W    | authorlink1 = Ekua Brenu  
| last2  = van Driel          | first2 = Mieke L  | authorlink2 =  
| last2  = van Driel          | first2 = Mieke L  | authorlink2 =  
| last3  = Staines            | first3 = Donald R  | authorlink3 = Donald Staines
| last3  = Staines            | first3 = Donald R  | authorlink3 = Donald Staines
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| url    = https://file.scirp.org/pdf/IJCM20120600017_29918208.pdf
| url    = https://file.scirp.org/pdf/IJCM20120600017_29918208.pdf
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="BrenuEW2014">{{citation |last1  = Brenu |first              1  |authorlink1 = Ekua Brenu |last2  = Huth |first                2  |authorlink2 = Teilah Huth |last3  = Hardcastle |first          3  |authorlink3 = Sharni Hardcastle |last4  = Fuller |first              4  |authorlink4 = |last5  = Kaur |first                5  |authorlink5 = |last6  = Johnston |first            6  |authorlink6 = |last7  = Ramos |first              7  |authorlink7 = Sandra Ramos |last8  = Staines |first            8  |authorlink8 = Donald Staines
<ref name="BrenuEW2014">{{citation
| last1  = Brenu               | first1 = EW      | authorlink1 = Ekua Brenu
| last2  = Huth               | first2 = TK      | authorlink2 = Teilah Huth
| last3  = Hardcastle         | first3 = SL      | authorlink3 = Sharni Hardcastle
| last4  = Fuller             | first4 = K        | authorlink4 =  
| last5  = Kaur               | first5 = M        | authorlink5 =  
| last6  = Johnston           | first6 = S        | authorlink6 =  
| last7  = Ramos               | first7 = S        | authorlink7 = Sandra Ramos
| last8  = Staines             | first8 = D        | authorlink8 = Donald Staines
| last9  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first9 = S        | authorlink9 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| last9  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first9 = S        | authorlink9 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| title  = The Role of adaptive and innate immune cells in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis
| title  = The Role of adaptive and innate immune cells in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis
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| last1  = Hardcastle          | first1 = Sharni Lee| authorlink1 = Sharni Hardcastle  
| last1  = Hardcastle          | first1 = Sharni Lee| authorlink1 = Sharni Hardcastle  
| last2  = Brenu              | first2 = Ekua Weba | authorlink2 = Ekua Brenu
| last2  = Brenu              | first2 = Ekua Weba | authorlink2 = Ekua Brenu
| last3  = Johnston            | first3 = Samantha  | authorlink3 =   |last4  = Nguyen |first              4  |authorlink4 = |last5  = Huth |first                5  |authorlink5 = Teilah Huth
| last3  = Johnston            | first3 = Samantha  | authorlink3 =
| last6  = Kaur                | first6 = Manprit  | authorlink6 = |last7  = Ramos |first              7  |authorlink7 = Sandra Ramos |last8  = Salajegheh |first          8  |authorlink8 =
| last4  = Nguyen             | first4 = Thao      | authorlink4 =  
| last5  = Huth               | first5 = Teilah    | authorlink5 = Teilah Huth
| last6  = Kaur                | first6 = Manprit  | authorlink6 =  
| last7  = Ramos               | first7 = Sandra    | authorlink7 = Sandra Ramos
| last8  = Salajegheh         | first8 = Ali      | authorlink8 =
| last9  = Staines            | first9 = Donald R  | authorlink9 = Donald Staines
| last9  = Staines            | first9 = Donald R  | authorlink9 = Donald Staines
| last10  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first10 = Sonya    | authorlink10 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| last10  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first10 = Sonya    | authorlink10 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
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</ref>
</ref>
<ref name="Hardcastle, 2015">
<ref name="Hardcastle, 2015">
{{Citation |last1  = Hardcastle |first            1  |authorlink1 = Sharni Hardcastle
{{Citation
| last2  = Brenu  | first2 = EW      | authorlink2 = Ekua Brenu |last3  = Johnston |first              3  |authorlink3 =  
| last1  = Hardcastle             | first1 = SL      | authorlink1 = Sharni Hardcastle
| last2  = Brenu  | first2 = EW      | authorlink2 = Ekua Brenu
| last3  = Johnston               | first3 = S      | authorlink3 =  
| last4  = Nguyen | first4 = T      | authorlink4 =  
| last4  = Nguyen | first4 = T      | authorlink4 =  
| last5  = Huth  | first5 = T      | authorlink5 = Teilah Huth
| last5  = Huth  | first5 = T      | authorlink5 = Teilah Huth
| last6  = Wong  | first6 = N      | authorlink6 =  
| last6  = Wong  | first6 = N      | authorlink6 =  
| last7  = Ramos  | first7 = S      | authorlink7 = Sandra Ramos |last8  = Staines |first                8  |authorlink8 = Donald Staines |last9  = Marshall-Gradisnik |first    9  |authorlink9 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| last7  = Ramos  | first7 = S      | authorlink7 = Sandra Ramos
| last8  = Staines               | first8 = DR      | authorlink8 = Donald Staines
| last9  = Marshall-Gradisnik     | first9 = SM      | authorlink9 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| title  = Characterisation of cell functions and receptors in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)
| title  = Characterisation of cell functions and receptors in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)
| journal = BMC Immunology    | volume = 16  | issue = 35  | page =  
| journal = BMC Immunology    | volume = 16  | issue = 35  | page =  
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| last1  = Hardcastle          | first1 = Sharni Lee | authorlink1 = Sharni Hardcastle
| last1  = Hardcastle          | first1 = Sharni Lee | authorlink1 = Sharni Hardcastle
| last2  = Brenu              | first2 = Ekua Weba  | authorlink2 = Ekua Brenu
| last2  = Brenu              | first2 = Ekua Weba  | authorlink2 = Ekua Brenu
| last3  = Johnston            | first3 = Samantha  | authorlink3 = |last4  = Nguyen |first              4  |authorlink4 = |last5  = Huth |first                5  |authorlink5 = Teilah Huth |last6  = Ramos |first              6  |authorlink6 = Sandra Ramos |last7  = Staines |first            7  |authorlink7 = Donald Staines
| last3  = Johnston            | first3 = Samantha  | authorlink3 =  
| last4  = Nguyen             | first4 = Thao      | authorlink4 =  
| last5  = Huth               | first5 = Teilah    | authorlink5 = Teilah Huth
| last6  = Ramos               | first6 = Sandra    | authorlink6 = Sandra Ramos
| last7  = Staines             | first7 = Donald    | authorlink7 = Donald Staines
| last8  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first8 = Sonya      | authorlink8 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| last8  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first8 = Sonya      | authorlink8 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| title  = Longitudinal analysis of immune abnormalities in varying severities of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients
| title  = Longitudinal analysis of immune abnormalities in varying severities of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients
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</ref>
</ref>
<ref name="Hardcastle, 09052015">
<ref name="Hardcastle, 09052015">
{{Citation |last1  = Hardcastle |first            1  |authorlink1 = Sharni Hardcastle
{{Citation
| last1  = Hardcastle           | first1 = SL                | authorlink1 = Sharni Hardcastle
| last2  = Brenu | first2 = EW                | authorlink2 = Ekua Brenu
| last2  = Brenu | first2 = EW                | authorlink2 = Ekua Brenu
| last3  = Johnston              | first3 = S | authorlink3 =  
| last3  = Johnston              | first3 = S | authorlink3 =  
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| last5  = Huth  | first5 = T | authorlink5 = Teilah Huth
| last5  = Huth  | first5 = T | authorlink5 = Teilah Huth
| last6  = Wong  | first6 = N | authorlink6 =  
| last6  = Wong  | first6 = N | authorlink6 =  
| last7  = Ramos | first7 = S | authorlink7 = Sandra Ramos |last8  = Staines |first              8  |authorlink8 = Donald Staines |last9  = Marshall-Gradisnik |first    9  |authorlink9 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik  
| last7  = Ramos | first7 = S | authorlink7 = Sandra Ramos
| last8  = Staines               | first8 = DR                | authorlink8 = Donald Staines
| last9  = Marshall-Gradisnik   | first9 = SM                | authorlink9 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik  
| title  = Serum Immune Proteins in Moderate and Severe Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients
| title  = Serum Immune Proteins in Moderate and Severe Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients
| journal = International Journal of Medical Sciences    | volume = 12  | issue = 10  | pages = 764-772
| journal = International Journal of Medical Sciences    | volume = 12  | issue = 10  | pages = 764-772
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<ref name="Huth, 2014">
<ref name="Huth, 2014">
{{Citation
{{Citation
| last1  = Huth                | first1 = Teilah K.  | authorlink1 = Teilah Huth |last2  = Brenu |first              2  |authorlink2 = Ekua Brenu |last3  = Nguyen |first              3  |authorlink3 =  
| last1  = Huth                | first1 = Teilah K.  | authorlink1 = Teilah Huth
| last2  = Brenu               | first2 = Ekua      | authorlink2 = Ekua Brenu
| last3  = Nguyen             | first3 = Thao      | authorlink3 =  
| last4  = Hardcastle          | first4 = Sharni L.  | authorlink4 = Sharni Hardcastle
| last4  = Hardcastle          | first4 = Sharni L.  | authorlink4 = Sharni Hardcastle
| last5  = Johnston            | first5 = Samantha  | authorlink5 = |last6  = Ramos |first              6  |authorlink6 = Sandra Ramos
| last5  = Johnston            | first5 = Samantha  | authorlink5 =  
| last6  = Ramos               | first6 = Sandra    | authorlink6 = Sandra Ramos
| last7  = Staines            | first7 = Donald R.  | authorlink7 = Donald Staines
| last7  = Staines            | first7 = Donald R.  | authorlink7 = Donald Staines
| last8  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first8 = Sonya M.  | authorlink8 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| last8  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first8 = Sonya M.  | authorlink8 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
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</ref>
</ref>
<ref name="HuthTK2016">{{citation
<ref name="HuthTK2016">{{citation
| last1  = Huth | first1 = TK      | authorlink1 = Teilah Huth |last2  = Brenu |first                2  |authorlink2 = Ekua Brenu |last3  = Ramos |first                3  |authorlink3 = Sandra Ramos |last4  = Nguyen |first              4  |authorlink4 = |last5  = Broadley |first            5  |authorlink5 = |last6  = Staines |first              6  |authorlink6 = Donald Staines
| last1  = Huth | first1 = TK      | authorlink1 = Teilah Huth
| last2  = Brenu               | first2 = EW      | authorlink2 = Ekua Brenu
| last3  = Ramos               | first3 = S        | authorlink3 = Sandra Ramos
| last4  = Nguyen               | first4 = T        | authorlink4 =  
| last5  = Broadley             | first5 = S        | authorlink5 =  
| last6  = Staines             | first6 = D        | authorlink6 = Donald Staines
| last7  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first7 = S        | authorlink7 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| last7  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first7 = S        | authorlink7 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| title  = Pilot Study of Natural Killer Cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis
| title  = Pilot Study of Natural Killer Cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis
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<ref name="Johnston, 2013">
<ref name="Johnston, 2013">
{{Citation
{{Citation
| last1  = Johnston | first1 = S. C.          | authorlink1 = |last2  = Brenu |first    2  |authorlink2 = Ekua Brenu
| last1  = Johnston | first1 = S. C.          | authorlink1 =  
| last3  = Staines  | first3 = D. R.          | authorlink3 = Donald Staines |last4  = Marshall-Gradisnik |first      4  |authorlink4 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| last2  = Brenu   | first2 = E. W.          | authorlink2 = Ekua Brenu
| last3  = Staines  | first3 = D. R.          | authorlink3 = Donald Staines  
| last4  = Marshall-Gradisnik       | first4 = S. M.          | authorlink4 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| title  = The role of clinical guidelines for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis in research settings
| title  = The role of clinical guidelines for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis in research settings
| journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior    | volume = 2  | issue = 1  | page = 28-39
| journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior    | volume = 2  | issue = 1  | page = 28-39
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<ref name="Marshall-Gradisnik, 2015">
<ref name="Marshall-Gradisnik, 2015">
{{Citation
{{Citation
| last1  = Marshall-Gradisnik | first1 = Sonya M.  | authorlink1 =  Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik |last2  = Smith |first              2  |authorlink2 =  
| last1  = Marshall-Gradisnik | first1 = Sonya M.  | authorlink1 =  Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| last3  = Brenu              | first3 = Ekua W.  | authorlink3 = Ekua Brenu |last4  = Nilius |first            4  |authorlink4 =  
| last2  = Smith             | first2 = Peter    | authorlink2 =  
| last3  = Brenu              | first3 = Ekua W.  | authorlink3 = Ekua Brenu
| last4  = Nilius             | first4 = Bernd    | authorlink4 =  
| last5  = Ramos              | first5 = Sandra B. | authorlink5 = Sandra Ramos
| last5  = Ramos              | first5 = Sandra B. | authorlink5 = Sandra Ramos
| last6  = Staines            | first6 = Donald R. | authorlink6 = Donald Staines  
| last6  = Staines            | first6 = Donald R. | authorlink6 = Donald Staines  
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</ref>
</ref>
<ref name="Peterson, 2015">
<ref name="Peterson, 2015">
{{Citation |last1  = Peterson |first            1  |authorlink1 = Daniel Peterson |last2  = Brenu |first                2  |authorlink2 = Ekua Brenu |last3  = Gottschalk |first          3  |authorlink3 = Gunnar Gottschalk |last4  = Ramos |first                4  |authorlink4 = Sandra Ramos |last5  = Nguyen |first              5  |authorlink5 = |last6  = Staines |first              6  |authorlink6 = Donald Staines         
{{Citation
| last1  = Peterson             | first1 = D        | authorlink1 = Daniel Peterson
| last2  = Brenu               | first2 = EW      | authorlink2 = Ekua Brenu
| last3  = Gottschalk           | first3 = G        | authorlink3 = Gunnar Gottschalk
| last4  = Ramos               | first4 = SB      | authorlink4 = Sandra Ramos  
| last5  = Nguyen               | first5 = T        | authorlink5 =  
| last6  = Staines             | first6 = D        | authorlink6 = Donald Staines         
| last7  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first7 = S        | authorlink7 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| last7  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first7 = S        | authorlink7 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| title  = Cytokines in the Cerebrospinal Fluids of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis
| title  = Cytokines in the Cerebrospinal Fluids of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis
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</ref>
</ref>
<ref name="Ramos, 2016">
<ref name="Ramos, 2016">
{{Citation |last1  = Ramos |first                1  |authorlink1 = Sandra Ramos |last2  = Brenu |first                2  |authorlink2 = Ekua Brenu |last3  = Broadley |first            3  |authorlink3 = |last4  = Kwiatek |first              4  |authorlink4 = Richard Kwiatek
{{Citation
| last5  = Ng  | first5 = J        | authorlink5 = |last6  = Nguyen |first              6  |authorlink6 = |last7  = Freeman |first              7  |authorlink7 = |last8  = Staines |first              8  |authorlink8 = Donald Staines   
| last1  = Ramos               | first1 = S        | authorlink1 = Sandra Ramos
| last2  = Brenu               | first2 = E        | authorlink2 = Ekua Brenu
| last3  = Broadley             | first3 = S        | authorlink3 =  
| last4  = Kwiatek             | first4 = R        | authorlink4 = Richard Kwiatek
| last5  = Ng  | first5 = J        | authorlink5 =  
| last6  = Nguyen               | first6 = T        | authorlink6 =  
| last7  = Freeman             | first7 = S        | authorlink7 =  
| last8  = Staines             | first8 = D        | authorlink8 = Donald Staines   
| last9  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first9 = S        | authorlink9 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| last9  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first9 = S        | authorlink9 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| title  = Regulatory T, natural killer T and γδ T cells in multiple sclerosis and chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a comparison
| title  = Regulatory T, natural killer T and γδ T cells in multiple sclerosis and chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a comparison
Line 229: Line 295:
</ref>
</ref>
<ref name="Wong, 2015">
<ref name="Wong, 2015">
{{Citation |last1  = Wong |first                1  |authorlink1 = |last2  = Nguyen |first              2  |authorlink2 =  
{{Citation
| last3  = Brenu              | first3 = Ekua Weba | authorlink3 = Ekua Brenu |last4  = Broadley |first            4  |authorlink4 = |last5  = Staines |first            5  |authorlink5 = Donald Staines
| last1  = Wong               | first1 = Naomi    | authorlink1 =  
| last2  = Nguyen             | first2 = Thao      | authorlink2 =  
| last3  = Brenu              | first3 = Ekua Weba | authorlink3 = Ekua Brenu
| last4  = Broadley           | first4 = Simon    | authorlink4 =  
| last5  = Staines             | first5 = Donald    | authorlink5 = Donald Staines
| last6  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first6 = Sonya    | authorlink6 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| last6  = Marshall-Gradisnik  | first6 = Sonya    | authorlink6 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| title  = A Comparison of Cytokine Profiles of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis Patients
| title  = A Comparison of Cytokine Profiles of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Revision as of 21:07, May 11, 2022

Ekua Weba Brenu, PhD, is a post-doctorate researcher at the School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Griffith Health Institute, and a Senior Research Fellow at the National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.[1]

Awards[edit | edit source]

  • 2011, Junior Investigator Award to encourage young CFS/FM researchers in recognition of their work awarded by IACFSME.[2]

Diagnostic biomarker[edit | edit source]

In 2015, Griffith University filed for a patent for a biological marker (Patent Publication number WO2016023077 A1) for the diagnosis and management of ME and CFS. Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik and Ekua Brenu are listed as the inventors. The patent application states: "The present invention resides broadly in the use of at least one miRNA as a biological marker for identifying or diagnosing a subject having CFS and/or ME." Very simply stated, microRNA (miRNA) are molecules involved in gene expression. They are different from mRNA which stands for messenger RNA.[3] In 2016, Griffith University's Professor Donald Staines and Professor Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik announced that they have been awarded a $4-million grant to be administered during the next five years that will enable them to continue research into developing a diagnostic test for ME/CFS.[4]

Notable studies in ME/CFS[edit | edit source]

Talks and interviews[edit | edit source]

Online presence[edit | edit source]

Learn more[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ https://www.griffith.edu.au/health/national-centre-neuroimmunology-emerging-diseases/our-team
  2. ↑ "IACFS/ME Awardees". IACFS/ME. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  3. ↑ https://www.google.co.uk/patents/WO2016023077A1?cl=en&dq=sonya+marshall-gradisnik
  4. ↑ http://www.goldcoastbulletin.com.au/lifestyle/gold-coast-team-getting-closer-to-discovering-test-for-chronic-fatigue-syndrom/news-story/1627b3fcc41c53efac927200a53cc756
  5. ↑ Brenu, EW; van Driel, ML; Staines, DR; Ashton, KJ; Ramos, SB; Keane, J; Klimas, NG; Marshall-Gradisnik, SM (2011), "Immunological abnormalities as potential biomarkers in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis", Journal of Translational Medicine, 9 (81), doi:10.1186/1479-5876-9-81
  6. ↑ Brenu, Ekua W; van Driel, Mieke L; Staines, Donald R; Ashton, Kevin J; Hardcastle, Sharni L; Keane, James; Tajouri, Lotti; Peterson, Daniel; Ramos, Sandra B; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya M (2012), "Longitudinal investigation of natural killer cells and cytokines in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis", Journal of Translational Medicine, 10: 88, doi:10.1186/1479-5876-10-88
  7. ↑ Brenu, EW; Ashton, KJ; van Driel, M; Staines, D; Peterson, D; Atkinson, GM; Marshall-Gradisnik, S (2012), "Cytotoxic lymphocyte microRNAs as prospective biomarkers for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis.", Journal of Affective Disorders, 141 (2–3): 261-269, doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.03.037
  8. ↑ Brenu, Ekua W; van Driel, Mieke L; Staines, Donald R; Kreijkamp-Kaspers, Sanne; Hardcastle, Sharni L; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya M (2012), "The Effects of Influenza Vaccination on Immune Function in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis" (PDF), International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 3 (6): 544-551, doi:10.4236/ijcm.2012.36098
  9. ↑ Johnston, S. C.; Brenu, E. W.; Staines, D. R.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S. M. (2013), "The role of clinical guidelines for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis in research settings", Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior, 2 (1): 28-39, doi:10.1080/21641846.2013.860779
  10. ↑ Brenu, EW; Huth, TK; Hardcastle, SL; Fuller, K; Kaur, M; Johnston, S; Ramos, S; Staines, D; Marshall-Gradisnik, S (2014), "The Role of adaptive and innate immune cells in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis", International Immunology, 26 (4): 233-42, doi:10.1093/intimm/dxt068, PMID 24343819
  11. ↑ Huth, Teilah K.; Brenu, Ekua; Nguyen, Thao; Hardcastle, Sharni L.; Johnston, Samantha; Ramos, Sandra; Staines, Donald R.; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya M. (2014), "Characterization of Natural Killer Cell Phenotypes in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis", Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology, 5 (3), doi:10.4172/2155-9899.1000223
  12. ↑ Hardcastle, Sharni Lee; Brenu, Ekua Weba; Johnston, Samantha; Nguyen, Thao; Huth, Teilah; Kaur, Manprit; Ramos, Sandra; Salajegheh, Ali; Staines, Donald R; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (2014), "Analysis of the Relationship between Immune Dysfunction and Symptom Severity in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)", Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology, 5 (190), doi:10.4172/2155-9899.1000190
  13. ↑ Wong, Naomi; Nguyen, Thao; Brenu, Ekua Weba; Broadley, Simon; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (2015), "A Comparison of Cytokine Profiles of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis Patients", International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 6 (10): 769-783, doi:10.4236/ijcm.2015.610103
  14. ↑ Hardcastle, SL; Brenu, EW; Johnston, S; Nguyen, T; Huth, T; Wong, N; Ramos, S; Staines, DR; Marshall-Gradisnik, SM (2015), "Serum Immune Proteins in Moderate and Severe Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients", International Journal of Medical Sciences, 12 (10): 764–772, doi:10.7150/ijms.12399
  15. ↑ Hardcastle, SL; Brenu, EW; Johnston, S; Nguyen, T; Huth, T; Wong, N; Ramos, S; Staines, DR; Marshall-Gradisnik, SM (2015), "Characterisation of cell functions and receptors in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)", BMC Immunology, 16 (35), doi:10.1186/s12865-015-0101-4
  16. ↑ Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya M.; Smith, Peter; Brenu, Ekua W.; Nilius, Bernd; Ramos, Sandra B.; Staines, Donald R. (2015), "Examination of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Ion Channels in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients", Immunology and Immunogenetics Insights, 7 (2015): 1-6, doi:10.4137/III.S25147
  17. ↑ Hardcastle, Sharni Lee; Brenu, Ekua Weba; Johnston, Samantha; Nguyen, Thao; Huth, Teilah; Ramos, Sandra; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (2015), "Longitudinal analysis of immune abnormalities in varying severities of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients", Journal of Translational Medicine, 13 (299), doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0653-3
  18. ↑ Peterson, D; Brenu, EW; Gottschalk, G; Ramos, SB; Nguyen, T; Staines, D; Marshall-Gradisnik, S (2015), "Cytokines in the Cerebrospinal Fluids of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis", Mediators of Inflammation (2015): 929720, doi:10.1155/2015/929720
  19. ↑ Ramos, S; Brenu, E; Broadley, S; Kwiatek, R; Ng, J; Nguyen, T; Freeman, S; Staines, D; Marshall-Gradisnik, S (March 20, 2016), "Regulatory T, natural killer T and γδ T cells in multiple sclerosis and chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a comparison" (PDF), Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 34 (2016): 300–305, doi:10.12932/AP0733
  20. ↑ Huth, TK; Brenu, EW; Ramos, S; Nguyen, T; Broadley, S; Staines, D; Marshall-Gradisnik, S (January 2016), "Pilot Study of Natural Killer Cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis", Scand J Immunol, 83 (1): 44-51, doi:10.1111/sji.12388, PMID 26381393
  21. ↑ Brenu, EW; Broadley, S; Nguyen, T; Johnston, S; Ramos, S; Staines, D; Marshall-Gradisnik, S (January 4, 2016), "A Preliminary Comparative Assessment of the Role of CD8+ T Cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis" (PDF), Journal of Immunology Research: 9064529, doi:10.1155/2016/9064529
  22. ↑ https://www.griffith.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/566118/CFS-Symposium-2013-Program.pdf

serum The clear yellowish fluid that remains from blood plasma after clotting factors have been removed by clot formation. (Blood plasma is simply blood that has had its blood cells removed.)

single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) - A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, pronounced "snip") is a potential genetic mutation that occurs in a single spot in the human genome; a difference in a single DNA building block. SNPs are often represented by an "rs" number, such as "rs53576".

T cell A type of white blood cell which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in the adaptive immune response on a cellular level. Also known as a T lymphocyte. (Learn more: www.youtube.com)

T cell A type of white blood cell which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in the adaptive immune response on a cellular level. Also known as a T lymphocyte. (Learn more: www.youtube.com)

myalgic encephalomyelitis (M.E.) - A disease often marked by neurological symptoms, but fatigue is sometimes a symptom as well. Some diagnostic criteria distinguish it from chronic fatigue syndrome, while other diagnostic criteria consider it to be a synonym for chronic fatigue syndrome. A defining characteristic of ME is post-exertional malaise (PEM), or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which is a notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. An estimated 25% of those suffering from ME are housebound or bedbound. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ME as a neurological disease.

cytokine any class of immunoregulatory proteins secreted by cells, especially immune cells. Cytokines are small proteins important in cell signaling that modulate the immune system. (Learn more: me-pedia.org)

cytokine any class of immunoregulatory proteins secreted by cells, especially immune cells. Cytokines are small proteins important in cell signaling that modulate the immune system. (Learn more: me-pedia.org)

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