Toxicant-induced loss of tolerance (TILT)

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Toxicant-induced loss of tolerance or TILT is a proposed term for a new class of diseases involving chemical intolerance, previously called Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) or Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance (IEI).[1] The TILT hypothesis describes how chemical intolerances to synthetic or natural chemicals, foods, or drugs develops.[2][1] People with TILT are said to be have been TILTed.[2]

Theory[edit | edit source]

The TILT hypothesis is that there are two stages to developing chemical intolerances:

  • the person experiences either a single major chemical exposure, or a series of low-level chemical exposures, causing chemical intolerances to develop
  • symptoms are then triggered by everyday chemicals, foods, and drugs that never bothered the person before[3]

Common symptoms are:

The Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (QEESI) is a self-report questionnaire to identify who may have MCS/IEI.[4]

Evidence[edit | edit source]

Treatment[edit | edit source]

The main approach is to manage symptoms of chemical intolerance by identifying the chemicals, food or drugs that the person is intolerant to, and then avoiding then.[5]

See also
Multiple chemical sensitivity - treatment.

Notable studies[edit | edit source]

  • 1996, Chemical sensitivity: symptom, syndrome or mechanism for disease?[6] (Abstract)
  • 1997, Toxicant-induced loss of tolerance--an emerging theory of disease?[7] (Full text)
  • 1999, Are we on the threshold of a new theory of disease? Toxicant-induced loss of tolerance and its relationship to addiction and abdiction[8] (Full text)
  • 2006, The Compelling Anomaly of Chemical Intolerance[9] (Full text)
  • 2013, Chemical sensitivity: pathophysiology or pathopsychology?[10] (Full text)
  • 2014, Toxicant-Induced Loss of Tolerance: A Theory to Account for Multiple Chemical Sensitivity[11] (Full text)
  • 2020, Three questions for identifying chemically intolerant individuals in clinical and epidemiological populations: The Brief Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (BREESI)[12] (Full text)
  • 2021, Mast cell activation may explain many cases of chemical intolerance[13] (Full text)
"MCAS mirrors the two-stage disease mechanism that Miller first described as toxicant-induced loss of tolerance (TILT) in 1996"
  • 2021, Toxicant-induced loss of tolerance for chemicals, foods, and drugs: assessing patterns of exposure behind a global phenomenon[1] (Full text)
  • 2021, Multiple Chemical Sensitivity[14] (Full text)

See also[edit | edit source]

Learn more[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Masri, Shahir; Miller, Claudia S.; Palmer, Raymond F.; Ashford, Nicholas (May 27, 2021). "Toxicant-induced loss of tolerance for chemicals, foods, and drugs: assessing patterns of exposure behind a global phenomenon". Environmental Sciences Europe. 33 (1): 65. doi:10.1186/s12302-021-00504-z. ISSN 2190-4715.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Origins of TILT". Tilt Research. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  3. ↑ "How Chemically Sensitive Are You?". Tilt Research. September 15, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  4. ↑ "Chemical Intolerance Self Assessment (QEESI)". Tilt Research. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  5. ↑ "TILT FAQs | Hoffman TILT Program". Tilt Research. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  6. ↑ Miller, Claudia S. (July 17, 1996). "Chemical sensitivity: symptom, syndrome or mechanism for disease?". Toxicology. 111 (1): 69–86. doi:10.1016/0300-483X(96)03393-8. ISSN 0300-483X.
  7. ↑ Miller, C S (March 1997). "Toxicant-induced loss of tolerance--an emerging theory of disease?". Environmental Health Perspectives. 105 (suppl 2): 445–453. doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s2445. ISSN 0091-6765. PMC 1469811. PMID 9167978.
  8. ↑ Miller, Claudia S. (April 1999). "Are we on the threshold of a new theory of disease? Toxicant-induced loss of tolerance and its relationship to addiction and abdiction". Toxicology and Industrial Health. 15 (3–4): 284–294. doi:10.1177/074823379901500302. ISSN 0748-2337.
  9. ↑ Miller, Claudia S. (2006). "The Compelling Anomaly of Chemical Intolerance". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 933 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05810.x. ISSN 1749-6632.
  10. ↑ Genuis, Stephen J. (May 2013). "Chemical sensitivity: pathophysiology or pathopsychology?". Clinical Therapeutics. 35 (5): 572–577. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.04.003. ISSN 1879-114X. PMID 23642291.
  11. ↑ Horowitz, Sala (April 2014). "Toxicant-Induced Loss of Tolerance: A Theory to Account for Multiple Chemical Sensitivity". Alternative and Complementary Therapies. 20 (2): 96–100. doi:10.1089/act.2014.20201. ISSN 1076-2809.
  12. ↑ Palmer, Raymond F.; Jaén, Carlos R.; Perales, Roger B.; Rincon, Rodolfo; Forster, Jacqueline N.; Miller, Claudia S. (September 16, 2020). "Three questions for identifying chemically intolerant individuals in clinical and epidemiological populations: The Brief Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (BREESI)". PLOS ONE. 15 (9): e0238296. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0238296. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7494077. PMID 32936802.
  13. ↑ Miller, Claudia S.; Palmer, Raymond F.; Dempsey, Tania T.; Ashford, Nicholas A.; Afrin, Lawrence B. (November 17, 2021). "Mast cell activation may explain many cases of chemical intolerance". Environmental Sciences Europe. 33 (1): 129. doi:10.1186/s12302-021-00570-3. ISSN 2190-4715.
  14. ↑ Zucco, Gesualdo M.; Doty, Richard L. (December 29, 2021). "Multiple Chemical Sensitivity". Brain Sciences. 12 (1): 46. doi:10.3390/brainsci12010046. ISSN 2076-3425.
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