Neuroimmune disease

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Neuroimmune disease (disorder, syndrome, or condition) is an umbrella term for a group of certain diseases involving dysfunction of both the immune system and the nervous system.[1] It is not one of the World Health Organization's (WHO) ICD-10 classifications of disease,[2] but is used to refer to neurological diseases which are also recognized as immune or autoimmune diseases.[3]

Neuroimmune disorders[edit | edit source]

Disorders Commonly Found In Adults:

Potential neuroimmune disorders[edit | edit source]

These disorders have considerable evidence of a neuroimmune disease process, but are not widely accepted as neuroimmune conditions.

Two neuroimmune research units, one in Queensland, Australia and one in Florida, US, focus prominently on research into ME/CFS and multiple sclerosis.[1][12]

Diseases which may have neuroimmune symptoms[edit | edit source]

A wide range of diseases have been proposed as neuroimmune diseases, but evidence is limited and most of those conditions are not recognized as having prominent immune symptoms or are not currently classed as neurological diseases.

Immune symptoms in ME/CFS[edit | edit source]

ME/CFS is classified as a neurological disorder by the World Health Organization, and the Canadian Consensus Criteria recognizes a range of immune symptoms, which are used in diagnosis.

The more commonly used Fukuda criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome does not require any immune symptoms for diagnosis, but both swollen lymph nodes and frequent sore throat are diagnostic symptoms.

See also[edit | edit source]

Learn more[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 NSU | Institute for Neuro Immune Medicine. "Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine Clinic". NSU. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 World Health Organization. "ICD-10 Version:2016 | Neurological diseases". icd.who.int. Retrieved May 9, 2019.
  3. ↑ "Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology". Springer. Retrieved October 17, 2021.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Autoimmune Diseases". National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  5. ↑ "Immune System Diseases | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Tumani, Hayrettin; Otto, Markus; Ludolph, Albert C.; Kassubek, Jan; Brettschneider, Johannes; Junker, Andreas; Abdelhak, Ahmed (August 2015). "Brain-Specific Cytoskeletal Damage Markers in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Is There a Common Pattern between Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis?". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 16 (8): 17565–17588. doi:10.3390/ijms160817565.
  7. ↑ Uchitel, Osvaldo Daniel; Gonzalez, Laura Elisabeth; Pagani, Mario Rafael (2011). "Autoimmunity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Past and Present". Neurology Research International. PMID 21826267. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Jin, Tao; Zhu, Jie; Jiang, Xinmei; Cheng, Yun; Zhang, Hongliang; Fan, Xueli (2016). "Double Roles of Macrophages in Human Neuroimmune Diseases and Their Animal Models". Mediators of Inflammation. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  9. ↑ "Cornell Center for Enervating NeuroImmune Disease". Retrieved March 30, 2019.
  10. ↑ "What is Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)?". #MEAction. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
  11. ↑ Georgopoulos, Apostolos P.; James, Lisa M.; Carpenter, Adam F.; Engdahl, Brian E.; Leuthold, Arthur C.; Lewis, Scott M. (October 1, 2017). "Gulf War illness (GWI) as a neuroimmune disease". Experimental Brain Research. 235 (10): 3217–3225. doi:10.1007/s00221-017-5050-0. ISSN 1432-1106.
  12. ↑ "National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases". griffith.edu.au. Retrieved May 11, 2019.

World Health Organization (WHO) - "A specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations." The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is maintained by WHO.

See World Health Organization.

International Classification of Diseases (ICD) - A system of medical diagnostic codes, created by the World Health Organization (WHO), to classify diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international diagnostic consistency. By having common diagnostic codes around the world, health researchers are better able to quantify and track disease burdens. The most current version is called ICD-11. (Learn more: www.who.int)

National Institutes of Health (NIH) - A set of biomedical research institutes operated by the U.S. government, under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Services.

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