Medical marijuana: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Medical marijuana.jpg|alt=dried blackberry marijuana labelled for medical use|thumb|Cannabis indica | [[File:Medical marijuana.jpg|alt=dried blackberry marijuana labelled for medical use|thumb|upright=1|Cannabis indica labelled for medical use only]] | ||
'''Medical marijuana or medical cannabis''' refers to the use of cannabis or derivatives of cannabis plants to treat medical illnesses or reduce symptoms.<ref name=" | '''Medical marijuana or medical cannabis''' refers to the use of cannabis or derivatives of cannabis plants to treat medical illnesses or reduce symptoms.<ref name="marijuana-dict">{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/medical+marijuana|title=Definition of MEDICAL MARIJUANA|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en|access-date=2019-04-11}}</ref> Medical marijuana typically contains both [[CBD oil|CBD]] and [[THC]], which are two of the many biologically active substances found in cannabis.<ref name="thc-dict">{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/THC|title=Definition of THC|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en|access-date=2019-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/CBD|title=Definition of CBD|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en|access-date=2019-04-11}}</ref> CBD, which is not intoxicating or addictive, can also be produced from hemp plants, and is often marketed as [[CBD oil]] and sold legally as a without needing a perscription.<ref name="marijuana-dict" />{{Citation needed|Reason=CBD oil as legal non-perscription product}} | ||
==Evidence == | ==Evidence == | ||
[[File:Marijuana leaf.png|alt=marijuana leaf icon black |thumb|150x150px]] | [[File:Marijuana leaf.png|alt=marijuana leaf icon black|thumb|150x150px]] | ||
A review by Whiting et al. (2015) found moderate evidence that medical use of cannabis can help with [[chronic pain]], but this review did not look at pain in ME/CFS.<ref name=" | A review by Whiting et al. (2015) found moderate evidence that medical use of cannabis can help with [[chronic pain]], but this review did not look at pain in ME/CFS.<ref name="Whiting2015">{{Cite journal|last=Whiting|first=Penny F.|last2=Wolff|first2=Robert F.|last3=Deshpande|first3=Sohan|last4=Di Nisio|first4=Marcello|last5=Duffy|first5=Steven|last6=Hernandez|first6=Adrian V.|last7=Keurentjes|first7=J. Christiaan|last8=Lang|first8=Shona|last9=Misso|first9=Kate|date=Jun 23, 2015|title=Cannabinoids for Medical Use|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2338251?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_source=articlePDF&utm_content=jama.2015.6358|journal=JAMA|language=en|volume=313|issue=24|pages=2456|doi=10.1001/jama.2015.6358|issn=0098-7484|quote=|author-link=Penny Whiting|author-link2=Robert Wolff|author-link3=Sohan Deshpande|author-link4=Marcello Di Nisio|author-link5=Steven Duffy|via=|author-link6=Adrian Hernandez|author-link7=J. Christiaan Keurentjes|author-link8=Shona Lang|author-link9=Kate Misso}}</ref> | ||
Limited evidence is available for the use of cannabis or medical marijuana in people with [[ | Limited evidence is available for the use of cannabis or medical marijuana in people with [[fibromyalgia]].<ref name="Farre2011">{{Cite journal|last=Farré|first=Magí|author-link=Magí Farré|last2=Carbonell|first2=Jordi|author-link2=Jordi Carbonell|last3=Capellà|first3=Dolors|author-link3=Dolors Capellà|last4=Durán|first4=Marta|author-link4=Marta Durán|last5=Fiz|first5=Jimena|author-link5=Jimena Fiz|date=Apr 21, 2011|title=Cannabis Use in Patients with Fibromyalgia: Effect on Symptoms Relief and Health-Related Quality of Life|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0018440|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=6|issue=4|pages=e18440|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0018440|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3080871|pmid=21533029|quote=|via=}}</ref><ref name="vanDonk2019">{{Cite journal|last=van de Donk|first=Tine|author-link=Tine van de Donk|last2=Niesters|first2=Marieke|author-link2=Marieke Niesters|last3=Kowal|first3=Mikael A.|author-link3=Mikael Kowal|last4=Olofsen|first4=Erik|author-link4=Erik Olofsen|last5=Dahan|first5=Albert|author-link5=Albert Dahan|last6=van Velzen|first6=Monique|author-link6=Monique van Velzen|date=Apr 2019|title=An experimental randomized study on the analgesic effects of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia|url=https://journals.lww.com/pain/Fulltext/2019/04000/An_experimental_randomized_study_on_the_analgesic.11.aspx|journal=PAIN|language=en-US|volume=160|issue=4|pages=860|doi=10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001464|issn=0304-3959|quote=|via=}}</ref> | ||
==Notable studies== | ==Notable studies== | ||
*2009, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19228959 Cannabidiol targets mitochondria to regulate intracellular Ca2+ levels.]<ref name="cannabidiolmito2009" /> | *2009, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19228959 Cannabidiol targets mitochondria to regulate intracellular Ca2+ levels.]<ref name="cannabidiolmito2009" /> | ||
*2011, [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0018440 Cannabis Use in Patients with Fibromyalgia: Effect on Symptoms Relief and Health-Related Quality of Life]<ref name=" | *2011, [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0018440 Cannabis Use in Patients with Fibromyalgia: Effect on Symptoms Relief and Health-Related Quality of Life]<ref name="Farre2011" /> | ||
*2015, [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2338251?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_source=articlePDF&utm_content=jama.2015.6358 Cannabinoids for medical use: A systematic review]<ref name=" | *2015, [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2338251?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_source=articlePDF&utm_content=jama.2015.6358 Cannabinoids for medical use: A systematic review]<ref name="Whiting2015" /> | ||
*2016, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27573936 Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study.]<ref name="CBD and THCV improve diabetic parameters, 2016" /> | *2016, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27573936 Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study.]<ref name="CBD and THCV improve diabetic parameters, 2016" /> | ||
*2019, [https://journals.lww.com/pain/Fulltext/2019/04000/An_experimental_randomized_study_on_the_analgesic.11.aspx An experimental randomized study on the analgesic effects of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia]<ref name=" | *2019, [https://journals.lww.com/pain/Fulltext/2019/04000/An_experimental_randomized_study_on_the_analgesic.11.aspx An experimental randomized study on the analgesic effects of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia]<ref name="vanDonk2019" /> | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
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== Learn more == | == Learn more == | ||
* [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2338251?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_source=articlePDF&utm_content=jama.2015.6358 Cannabinoids for medical use: A systematic review] <ref name=" | * [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2338251?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_source=articlePDF&utm_content=jama.2015.6358 Cannabinoids for medical use: A systematic review] <ref name="Whiting2015" /> | ||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 18:10, February 23, 2020
This article is a stub. |
Medical marijuana or medical cannabis refers to the use of cannabis or derivatives of cannabis plants to treat medical illnesses or reduce symptoms.[1] Medical marijuana typically contains both CBD and THC, which are two of the many biologically active substances found in cannabis.[2][3] CBD, which is not intoxicating or addictive, can also be produced from hemp plants, and is often marketed as CBD oil and sold legally as a without needing a perscription.[1][citation needed]
Evidence[edit | edit source]
A review by Whiting et al. (2015) found moderate evidence that medical use of cannabis can help with chronic pain, but this review did not look at pain in ME/CFS.[4]
Limited evidence is available for the use of cannabis or medical marijuana in people with fibromyalgia.[5][6]
Notable studies[edit | edit source]
- 2011, Cannabis Use in Patients with Fibromyalgia: Effect on Symptoms Relief and Health-Related Quality of Life[5]
- 2015, Cannabinoids for medical use: A systematic review[4]
- 2016, Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study.[8]
- 2019, An experimental randomized study on the analgesic effects of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia[6]
See also[edit | edit source]
Learn more[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Definition of MEDICAL MARIJUANA". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved April 11, 2019.
- ↑ "Definition of THC". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved April 11, 2019.
- ↑ "Definition of CBD". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved April 11, 2019.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Whiting, Penny F.; Wolff, Robert F.; Deshpande, Sohan; Di Nisio, Marcello; Duffy, Steven; Hernandez, Adrian V.; Keurentjes, J. Christiaan; Lang, Shona; Misso, Kate (June 23, 2015). "Cannabinoids for Medical Use". JAMA. 313 (24): 2456. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.6358. ISSN 0098-7484.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Farré, Magí; Carbonell, Jordi; Capellà, Dolors; Durán, Marta; Fiz, Jimena (April 21, 2011). "Cannabis Use in Patients with Fibromyalgia: Effect on Symptoms Relief and Health-Related Quality of Life". PLOS ONE. 6 (4): e18440. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018440. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3080871. PMID 21533029.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 van de Donk, Tine; Niesters, Marieke; Kowal, Mikael A.; Olofsen, Erik; Dahan, Albert; van Velzen, Monique (April 2019). "An experimental randomized study on the analgesic effects of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia". PAIN. 160 (4): 860. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001464. ISSN 0304-3959.
- ↑ Ryan, Duncan; Drysdale, Alison J.; Lafourcade, Carlos; Pertwee, Roger G.; Platt, Bettina (February 18, 2009), "Cannabidiol targets mitochondria to regulate intracellular Ca2+ levels", The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 29 (7): 2053–2063, doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4212-08.2009, ISSN 1529-2401, PMID 19228959
- ↑ Jadoon, Khalid A.; Ratcliffe, Stuart H.; Barrett, David A.; Thomas, E. Louise; Stott, Colin; Bell, Jimmy D.; O’Sullivan, Saoirse E.; Tan, Garry D. (August 29, 2016), "Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study", Diabetes Care: American Diabetes Association, 39 (10): 1777–86, doi:10.2337/dc16-0650 Cite has empty unknown parameter:
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