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Nicotinamide
 | This article needs cleanup to meet MEpedia's guidelines. The reason given is: This page needs additional references or sources for verification - multiple references need to be added. (Oct 2020) |
Nicotinamide (niacinamide) is a form of vitamin B3 (niacin). Nicotinamide, (/ˌnɪkəˈtɪnəmaɪd/) also known as niacinamide, NAA, and nicotinic amide, is the amide of nicotinic acid (niacin). Nicotinamide is a water-soluble B vitamin.
Nicotinic acid is converted to nicotinamide in vivo, and, though the two are identical in their vitamin functions, nicotinamide does not have the same pharmacological and toxic effects as niacin, which occurs incidental to niacin's conversion. Nicotinamide does not reduce cholesterol or cause flushing, although it may be toxic to the liver at doses exceeding 3g/day in adults. In cells, niacin is incorporated into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), although the pathways for nicotinic acid amide and nicotinic acid are very similar. NAD+ and NADP+ are coenzymes in a wide variety of enzymatic oxidation-reduction reactions. Commercial production of niacin and niacinamide relies on chemical synthesis from methylpyridines and amounted to 34,000 tons of niacin in 2014.[1] Uses for bulk-produced niacin include feed additives, pharmaceutical use, and further industrial applications.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is one known cause of nicotinamide deficiency.[2]
Niacinamide flush-free supports the mitochondrial function. Nicotinamide riboside improves the energy metabolism[3] and neuroprotection[4].
It seems that it also works against multi-drug resistant germs[5].
Purpose
Sources
Evidence
- 2016, Treatment with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) rejuvenates stem cells, allowing better regeneration processes in aged mice. Beneficial for mitochondria, muscle stem cells, neural stem cells, melanocyte stem cells, and increased lifespan.[6]
ME/CFS
Learn more
It is used in the ME/CFS treatment regime of patient Katrina Voss:
See also
References
- ↑ Lisicki D, Nowak K, Orlińska B. Methods to Produce Nicotinic Acid with Potential Industrial Applications. Materials (Basel). 2022 Jan 20;15(3):765. doi: 10.3390/ma15030765. PMID: 35160711; PMCID: PMC8836525.
- ↑ Burnett, B., Young, H., Panas, R., Klein, G., Mah'moud, M., & Anderson, M. (2015). Management of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth, (SIBO) Through Dietary and Nutritional Intervention: 2401. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 110, S997.
- ↑ Nicotinamide riboside is uniquely and orally bioavailable in mice and humans
- ↑ Nicotinamide riboside, a trace nutrient in foods, is a vitamin B3 with effects on energy metabolism and neuroprotection.
- ↑ Study sees benefits of vitamin B3 against hospital germs (Deutsch: Studie sieht Nutzen von Vitamin B3 gegen Krankenhauskeime)
- ↑ Zhang, Hongbo; Ryu, Dongryeol; Wu, Yibo; Gariani, Karim; Wang, Xu; Luan, Peiling; D’Amico, Davide; Ropelle, Eduardo R; Lutolf, Matthias P; Aebersold, Ruedi; Schoonjans, Kristina; Menzies, Keir J; Auwerx, Johan (April 28, 2016), "NAD+ repletion improves mitochondrial and stem cell function and enhances life span in mice", Science: 2693, doi:10.1126/science.aaf2693, PMID 27127236, lay summary
