Paraoxonase 1
The Paraoxonase 1 or PON1 gene influences response to neurological toxins.[1]
Function[edit | edit source]
The PON1 gene encodes a member of the paraoxonase family of enzymes and exhibits lactonase and ester hydrolase activity. After being synthesized in the kidney and liver, the PON1 enzyme is secreted into the person's circulation and binds to HDL particles and hydrolyzes thiolactones and xenobiotics, including paraoxon, a metabolite of the insecticide parathion. PON1 has a role in preventing LDH cholesterol.[2] Polymorphisms (variations) in PON1 expression may be linked with with coronary artery disease (heart disease) and diabetic retinopathy.[1]
ME/CFS[edit | edit source]
PON1 influences response to organophosphate neurological toxins, including the nerve agent sarin, which has been shown to be the cause of Gulf War Illness.[3]
Notable studies[edit | edit source]
- 2022, Evaluation of a Gene-Environment Interaction of PON1 and Low-Level Nerve Agent Exposure with Gulf War Illness: A Prevalence Case-Control Study Drawn from the U.S. Military Health Survey's National Population Sample[3] - (Full Text)
- 2001, Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a secreted protein associated primarily with high density lipoprotein (HDL) and participates in the prevention of low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation[2] - (Full text)
See also[edit | edit source]
Learn more[edit | edit source]
- PON1 - Gene cards
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "PON1 Gene card". Gene cards. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Reddy, S. T.; Wadleigh, D. J.; Grijalva, V.; Ng, C.; Hama, S.; Gangopadhyay, A.; Shih, D. M.; Lusis, A. J.; Navab, M.; Fogelman, A. M. (April 2001). "Human paraoxonase-3 is an HDL-associated enzyme with biological activity similar to paraoxonase-1 protein but is not regulated by oxidized lipids". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 21 (4): 542–547. doi:10.1161/01.atv.21.4.542. ISSN 1524-4636. PMID 11304470.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Haley, Robert W.; Kramer, Gerald; Xiao, Junhui; Dever, Jill A.; Teiber, John F. (May 2022). "Evaluation of a Gene-Environment Interaction of PON1 and Low-Level Nerve Agent Exposure with Gulf War Illness: A Prevalence Case-Control Study Drawn from the U.S. Military Health Survey's National Population Sample". Environmental Health Perspectives. 130 (5): 57001. doi:10.1289/EHP9009. ISSN 1552-9924. PMC 9093163. PMID 35543525.
