Butyrate
Butyrate is a short chain fatty acid produced in the large intestine by the fermentation of dietary fiber by commensal bacteria and is an important source of energy for colon cells.
It has been studied for its possible benefits in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), the mucosal immune system, intestinal motility, hemoglobinopathies, genetic metabolic diseases, hypercholesterolemia, obesity and insulin resistance, and ischemic stroke.[1]
Studies in vitro and in animal models have found that it decreases intestinal permeability, although a 2020 study found that it did not have this effect in human tissue.[2]
Sodium phenylbutyrate may increase peroxisome proliferation and the β-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids in X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy[3]
Butyrate may down regulate the expression of nine genes involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol in the intestine.[4]
Learn more[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Canani, Roberto Berni; Costanzo, Margherita Di; Leone, Ludovica; Pedata, Monica; Meli, Rosaria; Calignano, Antonio (March 28, 2011), "Potential beneficial effects of butyrate in intestinal and extraintestinal diseases", World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG, 17 (12): 1519–1528, doi:10.3748/wjg.v17.i12.1519, ISSN 1007-9327, PMC 3070119, PMID 21472114, retrieved November 9, 2016
- ↑ Tabat, Mathias W.; Marques, Tatiana M.; Markgren, Malin; Löfvendahl, Liza; Brummer, Robert J.; Wall, Rebecca (May 14, 2020). "Acute Effects of Butyrate on Induced Hyperpermeability and Tight Junction Protein Expression in Human Colonic Tissues". Biomolecules. 10 (5): 766. doi:10.3390/biom10050766. ISSN 2218-273X. PMC 7277647. PMID 32422994.
- ↑ Kemp, S.; Wei, H.M.; Lu, J.F.; Braiterman, L.T.; McGuinness, M.C.; Moser, A.B.; Watkins, P.A.; Smith, K.D. (November 1998), "Gene redundancy and pharmacological gene therapy: implications for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy", Nature Medicine, 4 (11): 1261–1268, doi:10.1038/3242, ISSN 1078-8956, PMID 9809549
- ↑ Alvaro, Adriana; Solà, Rosa; Rosales, Roser; Ribalta, Josep; Anguera, Anna; Masana, Lluís; Vallvé, Joan Carles (November 2008), "Gene expression analysis of a human enterocyte cell line reveals downregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis in response to short-chain fatty acids", IUBMB life, 60 (11): 757–764, doi:10.1002/iub.110, ISSN 1521-6551, PMID 18642346
