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A '''sprain''' is an injury involving a stretched or torn ligament (the tissue that connects two or more bones at a joint is stretched or torn).<ref name="NIAMS">{{Cite web|url=https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/sprains-and-strains | title = Sprains and Strains | last = Garrick | first = Nancy | authorlink=| date = 2017-04-10 | website = National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2021-12-19}}</ref> ==Signs and symptoms == * [[pain]] * swelling * bruising * not being able to use the joint * you may feel a tear or pop in the joint as it happens * joints may then feel either stiff or unstable, more severe sprains may make it impossible to put weight on the joint because it is too unstable ==Sprain grades== ===Grade I=== A ligament is stretched or has a very mild tear, little or no instability at the joint. ===Grade II=== An incomplete (partial) tear in the ligament, with some looseness in the joint. ===Grade III=== A completely torn or ruptured ligament. This may feel like a broken bone since itβs often impossible to put weight on the joint or use the affected limb because the joint too unstable.<ref name="WebMD">{{Cite web|url=https://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/understanding-sprains-strains | title = Understanding Sprains and Strains|website=WebMD|language=en|access-date=2021-12-19}}</ref> ==Prevalence== Sprains commonly occur in the general population. ==Symptom recognition== Sprains are not a diagnostic symptom of ME or CFS.<ref name="canadianconsensus-CCC">{{Citation | last1 = Carruthers | first1 = Bruce M. | authorlink1 = Bruce Carruthers | last2 = Jain | first2 = Anil Kumar | authorlink2 = Anil Kumar Jain | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = Kenny L. | authorlink3 = Kenny De Meirleir | last4 = Peterson | first4 = Daniel L. | authorlink4 = Daniel Peterson | last5 = Klimas | first5 = Nancy G. | authorlink5 = Nancy Klimas | last6 = Lerner | first6 = A. Martin | authorlink6 = Martin Lerner | last7 = Bested | first7 = Alison C. | authorlink7 = Alison Bested | last8 = Flor-Henry | first8 = Pierre| authorlink8 = Pierre Flor-Henry | last9 = Joshi | first9 = Pradip | authorlink9 = Pradip Joshi | last10 = Powles | first10 = AC Peter | authorlink10 = A C Peter Powles | last11 = Sherkey | first11 = Jeffrey A. | authorlink11 = Jeffrey Sherkey | last12 = van de Sande | first12 = Marjorie I. | authorlink12 = Marjorie van de Sande | title = Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Clinical Working Case Definition, Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols| journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 11 | issue = 2 | pages = 7-115 | date = 2003 | pmid = | doi = 10.1300/J092v11n01_02| url = http://www.investinme.org/Documents/PDFdocuments/CanadianDefinitionME-CFS.pdf}}</ref><ref name="ICC2011primer">{{citation | last1 = Carruthers | first1 = BM | authorlink1 = Bruce Carruthers | last2 = van de Sande | first2 = MI | authorlink2 = Marjorie van de Sande | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = KL | authorlink3 = Kenny de Meirleir | last4 = Klimas | first4 = NG | authorlink4 = Nancy Klimas | last5 = Broderick | first5 = G | authorlink5 = Gordon Broderick | last6 = Mitchell | first6 = T | authorlink6 = Terry Mitchell | last7 = Staines | first7 = D | authorlink7 = Donald Staines | last8 = Powles | first8 = ACP | authorlink8 = A C Peter Powles | last9 = Speight | first9 = N | authorlink9 = Nigel Speight | last10 = Vallings | first10 = R | authorlink10 = Rosamund Vallings | last11 = Bateman | first11 = L | authorlink11 = Lucinda Bateman | last12 = Bell | first12 = DS | authorlink12 = David Bell | last13 = Carlo-Stella | first13 = N | authorlink13 = Nicoletta Carlo-Stella | last14 = Chia | first14 = J | authorlink14 = John Chia | last15 = Darragh | first15 = A | authorlink15 = Austin Darragh | last16 = Gerken | first16 = A | authorlink16 = Anne Gerken | last17 = Jo | first17 = D | authorlink17 = Daehyun Jo | last18 = Lewis | first18 = DP | authorlink18 = Donald Lewis | last19 = Light | first19 = AR | authorlink19 = Alan Light | last20 = Light | first20 = KC | authorlink20 = Kathleen Light | last21 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first21 = S | authorlink21 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last22 = McLaren-Howard | first22 = J | authorlink22 = John McLaren-Howard | last23 = Mena | first23 = I | authorlink23 = Ismael Mena | last24 = Miwa | first24 = K | authorlink24 = Kunihisa Miwa | last25 = Murovska | first25 = M | authorlink25= Modra Murovska | last26 = Stevens | first26 = SR | authorlink26 = Staci Stevens | title = Myalgic encephalomyelitis: Adult & Paediatric: International Consensus Primer for Medical Practitioners | date = 2012| isbn = 978-0-9739335-3-6 | url = http://www.investinme.org/Documents/Guidelines/Myalgic%20Encephalomyelitis%20International%20Consensus%20Primer%20-2012-11-26.pdf}}</ref><ref name="CDC-IOM-SEIDcriteria">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/healthcare-providers/diagnosis/iom-2015-diagnostic-criteria.html | title = IOM 2015 Diagnostic Criteria {{!}} Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]| date = Jan 27, 2021|access-date = 2021-02-25}}</ref><ref name="fukuda1994">{{Cite journal | last = Fukuda | first = K. | author-link = Keiji Fukuda | last2 = Straus | first2 = S.E. | authorlink2 = Stephen Straus | last3 = Hickie | first3 = I. | authorlink3 = Ian Hickie | last4 = Sharpe | first4 = M.C. | authorlink4 = Michael Sharpe| last5 = Dobbins | first5 = J. G. | authorlink5 = James Dobbins | last6 = Komaroff | first6 = A. | authorlink6 = Anthony Komaroff| date = 1994-12-15 | title = The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study. International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group | url =https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Sharpe2/publication/247808895_The_Chronic_Fatigue_Syndrome_A_Comprehensive_Approach_to_Its_Definition_and_Study/links/0c96053201643bfc4b000000/The-Chronic-Fatigue-Syndrome-A-Comprehensive-Approach-to-Its-Definition-and-Study.pdf|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=121|issue=12 | pages = 953β959|issn=0003-4819|pmid=7978722|via=|publisher=American College of Physicians}}</ref> ==Notable studies== ==Possible causes== ==See also== * [[Rest Ice Compression Elevate therapy]] * [[Muscle strain]] * [[Arthralgia]] (joint pain) * [[Analgesic|Pain relief]] ==Learn more== * [https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/sprains-and-strains Sprains and Strains - National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases] *[https://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/understanding-sprains-strains Understanding Sprains and Strains - WebMD] ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Muscular signs and symptoms]] [[Category:Musculoskeletal diseases and disorders]] [[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
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