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Neurolinguistic programming
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'''Neurolinguistic programming''' or '''Neuro-linguistic programming''' or '''NLP''' is designed to alter human behaviour by "reprogramming unconscious patterns of thought", it claims to change the relationship between a person's mind and the language they use in order to positively alter their behavior.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/neurolinguistic-programming | title = Neurolinguistic programming definition and meaning | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = |website=Collins English Dictionary|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2021-11-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/neurolinguistic-programming | title = NEUROLINGUISTIC PROGRAMMING (noun) definition and synonyms | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = |website=Macmillan Dictionary|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2021-11-20}}</ref> NLP is communication framework that is highly commercialized and promoted for many different uses including to improve health. NLP is based upon the central hypothesis that each person has their own preferred communication style and their own mental representation of the world, and that if a person alters their communication style to match the preferred style of the person they are communicating with, they will be able to be more persuasive and effective at communicating.<ref name="encyclopedia">{{Cite book | title = Concise Encyclopedia of Special Education: A Reference for the Education of the Handicapped and Other Exceptional Children and Adults | pages = 669|isbn=978-0-471-23218-6|edition=|volume=|language=en|title-link=|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=u4uzPlgcWpsC&pg=PA669&lpg=PA669|access-date= | date = 2004-01-30|publisher=John Wiley & Sons | last = Reynolds | first = Cecil R. | authorlink = | last2 = Fletcher-Janzen | first2 = Elaine | authorlink2 = |others=|doi=|oclc=|quote=|archive-url=|archive-date=|location= | editor-last = | editor-first = |editor1-link=|editor-last2 = |editor-first2 = }}</ref><ref name="PMC3481516" /> ==Evidence == There is no agreed definition of NLP, systematic reviews have found very, very few clinical trials to assess either safety or effectiveness within health care. It remains controversial.<ref name="PMC3481516">{{Cite journal | last = Sturt | first = Jackie | authorlink = | last2 = Ali | first2 = Saima | authorlink2 = | last3 = Robertson | first3 = Wendy | authorlink3 = | last4 = Metcalfe | first4 = David | authorlink4 = | last5 = Grove | first5 = Amy | authorlink5 = | last6 = Bourne | first6 = Claire | authorlink6 = | last7 = Bridle | first7 = Chris | date = Nov 2012 | title = Neurolinguistic programming: a systematic review of the effects on health outcomes|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3481516/|journal=The British Journal of General Practice|volume=62|issue=604| pages = e757–e764|doi=10.3399/bjgp12X658287|issn=0960-1643|pmc=3481516|pmid=23211179|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> ==Pseudoscience== The use of scientific terms and vague concepts, combined with the lack of a solid evidence base to support it, has led to NLP being frequently labelled as pseudoscience. The creators developed it by studying the interpersonal actions and responses of several well-known psychotherapists.<ref name="anlp" /> The creators of NLP described it as follows: :"NLP is an attitude which is an insatiable curiosity about human beings with a methodology that leaves behind it a trail of techniques." ::Richard Bandler (co-creator of NLP) :"The strategies, tools and techniques of NLP represent an opportunity unlike any other for the exploration of human functioning, or more precisely, that rare and valuable subset of human functioning known as genius."<ref name="anlp" /> ::John Grinder (co-creator of NLP)<ref name="anlp">{{Cite web|url=https://anlp.org/knowledge-base/definition-of-nlp | title = Definition of NLP | date = |website=The Association for Neuro Linguistic Programming|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2021-11-20}}</ref> {{See also|Pseudoscience}} ==ME/CFS== There is no evidence that neurolinguistic programming can effectively treatment [[ME/CFS]], its symptoms, or any other neurological diseases or disorders. A type of [[:Category:Mind body treatments|mind-body healing technique]] that is partly based on NLP is the controversial [[Lightning Process]], which has had several poor quality clinical trials on ME/CFS published; these have led to concerns about [[ethical issues|ethics]], and compliance to scientific and journal standards. The Lightning Process is a secretive, commercial technique that is claimed to treat a large number of different illnesses in at a "lightening quick" speed.<ref>{{Cite web | date = Oct 31, 2021 |url = https://thesciencebit.net/2021/10/31/self-styled-medical-leaders-defend-neurolinguistic-processing-as-legit-treatment-for-me-cfs/amp/| title = Self-styled medical leaders defend “neurolinguistic processing” as legit treatment for ME/CFS | last = Hughes | first = Bre | authorlink = Brian Hughes}}</ref><ref name="committee" /><ref name="niceng206">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng206 | title = Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (or Encephalopathy)/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome:diagnosis and management. NICE guideline. | last=NICE Guideline Development Group | first = | authorlink = |publisher=[[National Institute for Health and Care Excellence]] | date = 2021-10-29}}</ref> According to some former participants, of the [[Lightning Process]] they attend a group course where they are taught various techniques, and told to tell themselves that they are healed, and to tell others the same, and that simply practicing the techniques will heal their illnesses.<ref name="joan" /> == Cost and availability == NLP courses are widely available, and typically taught by coaches rather than medical practitioners or clinical psychologists, and is generally expensive.<ref name="joan" /> NLP books and self-help materials are also available and are unregulated. == Safety and effectiveness == The safety and risks of NLP in people with ME/CFS has not been established.<ref name="suicide"/><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.me-foreningen.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ME-Nat-Norwegian-Survey-Abr-Eng-Ver.pdf| title = Norwegian ME Association National Survey Abridged|version=English | date = May 12, 2014 | last = ME Foreningen | authorlink = ME Foreningen |language=en}}</ref> It is unclear what level of [[Severity of ME/CFS|physical]] or [[Cognitive dysfunction|cognitive ability]] a person with ME/CFS would need to have in order to be able to tolerate NLP without post-exertional malaise or a harmful increase in crease in symptoms. People with [[Severe and very severe ME|severe or very severe ME]] and possibly those with moderate ME/CFS may be unable to concentrate enough to take in the information and may not be able to perform the physical movements or mental techniques involved.<ref name="joan" /><ref name="scam">{{Cite web|url=https://www.podbean.com/media/share/pb-wk5yw-fcbbf1 | title = Alice Urbino: scam ‘lightning process’ causes internalized gaslighting - beware of charlatans | last = | first = | website = Podbean Development|language=en|access-date=2021-05-19}}</ref> The [[Lightning Process]] which involves some components of NLP, has had safety concerns raised about it, including concerns about child protection and [[Ethical issues|ethics]],<ref name="committee">{{Cite web | date = Jul 11, 2018 |url = http://www.virology.ws/2018/07/11/trial-by-error-my-letter-to-the-science-and-technology-committee/| title = Trial By Error: My Letter to Parliament's Science and Technology Committee | last = Tuller | first =David | authorlink = David Tuller |website =[[Virology blog]]}}</ref><ref name="IiMER">{{Cite web|url = http://www.investinme.org/Article-501%20Childrens%20Study.htm| title = Letter to National Research Ethics Committee | last = Invest in ME | authorlink = Invest in ME Research | date = Oct 2010}}</ref><ref name="joan">{{Cite web | date = Aug 21, 2019| title = Trial By Error: Joan Parland's Lightning Process Experience|url=https://www.virology.ws/2019/08/21/trial-by-error-joan-mcparlands-lightning-process-experience/ | last = Tuller | first =David | authorlink = David Tuller |website =[[Virology blog]]}}</ref> and has been linked to an attempted [[suicide]].<ref name="suicide">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/livsstil/forsokte-selvmord-etter-me-kurs-1.7891470 | title = Forsøkte selvmord etter ME-kurs | last = Sand | first = Camilla | date = 2011-11-26 | website = NRK|language=nb-NO|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref><ref name="scam">{{Cite web|url=https://www.podbean.com/media/share/pb-wk5yw-fcbbf1 | title = Alice Urbino: scam ‘lightning process’ causes internalized gaslighting - beware of charlatans | last = | first = | website = Podbean Development|language=en|access-date=2021-05-19}}</ref> ==See also== *[[Pseudoscience]] *[[The Lightning Process|Lightning Process]] *[[Brain training]] ==Learn more== *[https://thesciencebit.net/2021/10/31/self-styled-medical-leaders-defend-neurolinguistic-processing-as-legit-treatment-for-me-cfs/amp/ Self-styled medical leaders defend “neurolinguistic processing” as legit treatment for ME/CFS] - Brian Hughes *[https://www.codastory.com/waronscience/pseudohealth/lightning-process-chronic-fatigue/ Chronic fatigue syndrome patients, long victimized by discredited research, turn to a dubious self-help program] - David Tuller ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Mind body treatments]]
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