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Metabolic syndrome
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{{stub}} '''Metabolic syndrome''' or '''dysmetabolic syndrome''' or '''insulin resistance syndrome''' or '''Syndrome X''' is an [[:Category:Endocrine diseases and disorders|endocrine disorder]] that affects approximately 1 in 4 people worldwide, although rates vary considerably between countries.<ref name="ICD-11">{{Cite web|url=https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/1736778 | title = ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = | website = World Health Organization|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2022-01-12}}</ref><ref name="HHS"/><ref name="CDC-2021">{{Cite journal | title = Screen-Based Sedentary Behaviors and Their Association With Metabolic Syndrome Components Among Adults in Mexico | date = 2021 | url=https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2021/21_0041.htm|journal=Preventing Chronic Disease|volume=18 | last = Macías | first = Nayeli|language=en-us|doi=10.5888/pcd18.210041|issn=1545-1151}}</ref> ==Signs and symptoms== Metabolic syndrome requires a minimum of 3 of 5 metabolic risk factor criteria to be met: *a large waistline (abdominal obesity) *a high [[triglyceride level]], or you need medication to control your triglycerides * Low HDL cholesterol level, or you need medication to treat low HDL cholesterol *[[Hypertension|High blood pressure]], or you need medication to lower your blood pressure *High fasting [[blood sugar]], or blood sugar controlled by medication<ref name="HHS" /> These often occur together, and are commonly caused by: * being overweight * having [[obesity]], and * a lack of [[Exercise|exercise or physical activity]].<ref name="HHS">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/metabolic-syndrome | title = Metabolic syndrome | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = | website = National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=Jan 12, 2022}}</ref> ==Treatment== ==ME/CFS== Very little research has been done about metabolic syndrome in people with ME/CFS;<ref name="Reeves2009"/> the US Clinician Coalition states that it is a possible comorbidity but the [[International Consensus Criteria]] and [[Canadian Consensus Criteria]] do not.<ref name="ICC2011primer">{{citation | last1 = Carruthers | first1 = BM | authorlink1 = Bruce Carruthers | last2 = van de Sande | first2 = MI | authorlink2 = Marjorie van de Sande | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = KL | authorlink3 = Kenny de Meirleir | last4 = Klimas | first4 = NG | authorlink4 = Nancy Klimas | last5 = Broderick | first5 = G | authorlink5 = Gordon Broderick | last6 = Mitchell | first6 = T | authorlink6 = Terry Mitchell | last7 = Staines | first7 = D | authorlink7 = Donald Staines | last8 = Powles | first8 = ACP | authorlink8 = A C Peter Powles | last9 = Speight | first9 = N | authorlink9 = Nigel Speight | last10 = Vallings | first10 = R | authorlink10 = Rosamund Vallings | last11 = Bateman | first11 = L | authorlink11 = Lucinda Bateman | last12 = Bell | first12 = DS | authorlink12 = David Bell | last13 = Carlo-Stella | first13 = N | authorlink13 = Nicoletta Carlo-Stella | last14 = Chia | first14 = J | authorlink14 = John Chia | last15 = Darragh | first15 = A | authorlink15 = Austin Darragh | last16 = Gerken | first16 = A | authorlink16 = Anne Gerken | last17 = Jo | first17 = D | authorlink17 = Daehyun Jo | last18 = Lewis | first18 = DP | authorlink18 = Donald Lewis | last19 = Light | first19 = AR | authorlink19 = Alan Light | last20 = Light | first20 = KC | authorlink20 = Kathleen Light | last21 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first21 = S | authorlink21 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last22 = McLaren-Howard | first22 = J | authorlink22 = John McLaren-Howard | last23 = Mena | first23 = I | authorlink23 = Ismael Mena | last24 = Miwa | first24 = K | authorlink24 = Kunihisa Miwa | last25 = Murovska | first25 = M | authorlink25= Modra Murovska | last26 = Stevens | first26 = SR | authorlink26 = Staci Stevens | title = Myalgic encephalomyelitis: Adult & Paediatric: International Consensus Primer for Medical Practitioners | date = 2012| isbn = 978-0-9739335-3-6 | url = http://www.investinme.org/Documents/Guidelines/Myalgic%20Encephalomyelitis%20International%20Consensus%20Primer%20-2012-11-26.pdf}}</ref><ref name="canadianconsensus-CCC">{{Citation | last1 = Carruthers | first1 = Bruce M. | authorlink1 = Bruce Carruthers | last2 = Jain | first2 = Anil Kumar | authorlink2 = Anil Kumar Jain | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = Kenny L. | authorlink3 = Kenny De Meirleir | last4 = Peterson | first4 = Daniel L. | authorlink4 = Daniel Peterson | last5 = Klimas | first5 = Nancy G. | authorlink5 = Nancy Klimas | last6 = Lerner | first6 = A. Martin | authorlink6 = Martin Lerner | last7 =Bested | first7 = Alison C. | authorlink7 = Alison Bested | last8 =Flor-Henry | first8 = Pierre | authorlink8 = Pierre Flor-Henry | last9 =Joshi | first9 = Pradip | authorlink9 = Pradip Joshi | last10 = Powles | first10 = AC Peter | authorlink10 = A C Peter Powles | last11 = Sherkey | first11 = Jeffrey A. | authorlink11 = Jeffrey Sherkey | last12 = van de Sande | first12 = Marjorie I. | authorlink12 = Marjorie van de Sande | title = Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Clinical Working Case Definition, Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols| journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 11 | issue = 2 | pages = 7-115 | date = 2003 | pmid = | doi = 10.1300/J092v11n01_02| url = http://www.investinme.org/Documents/PDFdocuments/CanadianDefinitionME-CFS.pdf}}</ref> ==Notable articles== *2009, Chronic fatigue syndrome is associated with metabolic syndrome: results from a case-control study in Georgia<ref name="Reeves2009">{{Cite journal | title = Chronic fatigue syndrome is associated with metabolic syndrome: results from a case-control study in Georgia | date = 2010-09-01|url=https://www.metabolismjournal.com/article/S0026-0495(09)00531-9/abstract|journal=Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental|volume=59|issue=9|pages=1351–1357 | last = Maloney|first = Elizabeth M. | authorlink = | last2 = Boneva | first2 = Roumiana S. | authorlink2 = | last3 = Lin | first3 = Jin-Mann S. | authorlink3 = | last4 = Reeves | first4 = William C. | authorlink4 = William Reeves|language=English|doi=10.1016/j.metabol.2009.12.019|pmc=|pmid=20102774|access-date=|issn=0026-0495|quote=|via=}}</ref> [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2009.12.019 (Full text)] ==See also== *[[Body mass index]] (BMI) *[[Obesity]] *[[Diabetes]] *[[Mitochondria dysfunction]] ==Learn more== *[https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/metabolic-syndrome Metabolic syndrome] - National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute *[https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/metabolic-syndrome Metabolic syndrome] - Johns Hopkins Medicine *[https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/metabolic-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20351916 Metabolic syndrome - Symptoms and causes] - Mayo Clinic ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Potential comorbidities]] [[Category:Diagnoses]]
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