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'''Dauer''' is the German word for persistence or long-lived.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web | url = https://dictionary.reverso.net/german-english/Dauer | title = Dauer translation English {{!}} German dictionary {{!}} Reverso | website = dictionary.reverso.net|access-date=2020-02-25}}</ref> == Dauer larva == An alternative developmental stage known as '''dauer''' or '''dauer state''' has been found to in nematode worms, particularly ''Caenorhabditis elegans'', whereby the larva goes into a type of stasis as a result of harsh environmental conditions.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal | last = Cassada | first = Randall C. | last2 = Russell | first2 = Richard L. | date = 1975-10-01 | title = The dauerlarva, a post-embryonic developmental variant of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans |url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0012160675901098|journal=Developmental Biology|language=en|volume=46|issue=2 | pages = 326β342|doi=10.1016/0012-1606(75)90109-8|issn=0012-1606}}</ref> The dauer worms stop feeding, and significantly reduce their movement, and have been reported to reversibly alter some of their sensory neurons.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Klassen | first = Matthew P. | last2 = Yuan | first2 = Quan | date = 2013-08-19 | title = Dendrite Plasticity: Branching Out for Greener Pastures |url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982213008592|journal=Current Biology|language=en|volume=23|issue=16| pages=R687βR688|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.036|issn=0960-9822}}</ref> == Used in relation to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome == Dauer, or hibernation, was used to explain [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] in the paper [[Metabolic features of chronic fatigue syndrome|Metabolic features of chronic fatigue syndrome]]; CFS was described as a "hypometabolic response to environmental stress similar to dauer".<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | last = Naviaux | first = Robert K. | authorlink = Robert Phair | last2 = Naviaux | first2 = Jane C. | authorlink2 = Jane Naviaux | last3 = Li | first3 = Kefeng | author-link3 = Kefeng Li | last4 = Bright | first4 = A. Taylor | author-link4 = | last5 = Alaynick | first5 = William A. | author-link5 = William Alaynick | last6 = Wang | first6 = Lin | author-link6 = Lin Wang | last7 = Baxter | first7 = Asha | author-link7 = | last8 = Nathan | first8 = Neil | author-link8 = | last9 = Anderson | first9 = Wayne | author-link9 = | date = 2016-08-29 | title = Metabolic features of chronic fatigue syndrome | url =http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/08/24/1607571113.full|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=113|issue=37| pages = E5472βE5480|doi=10.1073/pnas.1607571113|issn=0027-8424|pmc = 5027464|pmid=27573827|access-date=Feb 25, 2020|quote=|via=}}</ref> === Letter: Reply to Vogt et at.=== A letter by Vogt et at. (2016) challenged the conclusions drawn, stating that psychosocial or psychological causes could not be ruled and challenging the validity of the diagnosis of [[chronic fatigue syndrome]].<ref name="VogtLetter2016">{{Cite journal | last = Vogt | first = Henrik | last2 = Ulvestad | first2 = Elling | last3 = Wyller | first3 = Vegard Bruun | date = 2016-11-15 | title = Metabolic features of chronic fatigue syndrome revisited | url =https://www.pnas.org/content/113/46/E7140|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=113|issue=46| pages = E7140βE7141|doi=10.1073/pnas.1615143113|issn=0027-8424|pmid=27810961}}</ref> Naviaux et al. replied that "... chemical details of the metabolic findings in ME/CFS led directly to a survey of other hypometabolic syndromes like dauer, diapause, torpor, hibernation, and caloric restriction. It was the detailed nature and specific pattern of abnormalities affecting six pathways (sphingolipids, phospholipids, purines, cholesterol, polyamines, and redox metabolism), and not the over 50 other biochemical pathways interrogated, that focused our attention on dauer. In dauer, there is a reprioritization of sensory processing that is metabolically controlled (9). This situation bears similarities to ME/CFS."<ref name="ReplyToVogt15112016">{{Cite journal | last = Naviaux | first = Robert K. | last2 = Naviaux | first2 = Jane C. | last3 = Li | first3 = Kefeng | last4 = Bright | first4 = A. Taylor | last5 = Alaynick | first5 = William A. | last6 = Wang | first6 = Lin | last7 = Baxter | first7 = Asha | last8 = Nathan | first8 = Neil | last9 = Anderson | first9 = Wayne | date = 2016-11-03 | title = Reply to Vogt et al.: Metabolomics and chronic fatigue syndrome | url =https://www.pnas.org/content/113/46/E7142|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=113|issue=46| pages = E7142βE7143|doi=10.1073/pnas.1616261113|issn=0027-8424}}</ref> == Letter: Reply to Roerink et al. == A letter from Roerink et al. raised questions and concerns about the lack of controls for exercise, diet and drug use, which they stated may have affected the results.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Roerink|first = Megan E. | authorlink = | last2 = Bronkhorst | first2 = Ewald M. | authorlink2 = | last3 = Meer | first3 = Jos W.M. | author-link3 = Jos van der Meer | last4 = van deer Meer | first4 = | author-link4 = | date = 2017-02-07 | title = Metabolome of chronic fatigue syndrome | url =https://www.pnas.org/content/114/6/E910|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=114|issue=6| pages = E910βE910|doi=10.1073/pnas.1618447114|issn=0027-8424|pmc=|pmid=28126718|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> Naviaux and Gordon replied that the initial phase was done only with ambulatory CFS patients (i.e., able to walk/mobile), and clarified and corrected points raised about statistical methods used.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Naviaux | first = Robert K. | authorlink = Robert Naviaux | last2 = Gordon | first2 = Eric | authorlink2 = Eric Gordon | date = 2017-01-26 | title = Reply to Roerink et al.: Metabolomics of chronic fatigue syndrome | url =https://www.pnas.org/content/114/6/E911|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=114|issue=6| pages = E911βE912|doi=10.1073/pnas.1618984114|issn=0027-8424|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> == Open Medicine Foundation == [[Category:Medical hypotheses]] After the publication of the article, Dr [[Ronald Davis|Ron Davis]] invited [[Robert Naviaux]] to join the OMF Scientific Advisory Board.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = National Academy of Sciences | first = | authorlink = | date = 2017-05-02 | title = Correction for Naviaux et al., Metabolic features of chronic fatigue syndrome | url =https://www.pnas.org/content/114/18/E3749|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=114|issue=18| pages = E3749βE3749|doi=10.1073/pnas.1703858114|issn=0027-8424|pmc=|pmid=28439011|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> ==See also== *[[Robert Naviaux]] *[[Severe and very severe ME]] *[[Metabolism]] *[[Paralysis]] == References == {{reflist}}
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