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Central nervous system
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[[File:CNS.JPG|200px|thumb|Central Nervous System<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://kids.kiddle.co/Image:Central_nervous_system.svg | title = Image: Central nervous system Facts for Kids | website = kids.kiddle.co|language=en|access-date=2018-09-29}}</ref>|alt=Central nervous system diagram, showing brain attached to the spinal cord ]] The '''central nervous system''' (CNS) is made up of the [[brain]] and the [[spinal cord]].<ref>{{Cite news |url =https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/home/brain,-spinal-cord,-and-nerve-disorders/biology-of-the-nervous-system/overview-of-the-nervous-system | title = Overview of the Nervous System - Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders - MSD Manual Consumer Version|work=MSD Manual Consumer Version|access-date=2018-09-29|language=en-GB}}</ref> The brain and spinal cord have their own [[immune system]].<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/02/190219132853.htm | title = Scientists create new map of brain's immune system | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = Feb 19, 2019 | website = ScienceDaily|language=en| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | access-date=2019-03-31}}</ref> [[Microglia]] cells are a part of that immune system.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/02/180220143439.htm | title = Brain immune system is key to recovery from motor neuron degeneration: Results in study point to new approaches for ALS therapy | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = Feb 20, 2018 | website = ScienceDaily|language=en| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | access-date=2019-03-31}}</ref> Injury to the brain or [[spinal cord]], such as those caused by [[stroke]] or [[trauma]], result in a considerable weakening of the immune system.<ref>{{Cite web | title = An interconnection between the nervous and immune system: Neuroendocrine reflex triggers infections |url =https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/09/170919102530.htm | website = ScienceDaily|access-date=2019-03-31|language=en | date = Sep 29, 2017 | last = | first = | authorlink = |archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=}}</ref> == Disease involvement in ME/CFS == === Autopsy === [[ME/CFS]] patient autopsies have shown changes to the spinal cord. *[[Sophia Mirza]]'s autopsy showed her spine contained massive infection.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web | url = http://www.investinme.org/Article-050%20Sophia%20Wilson%2001.htm | title = The Story of Sophia and M.E. | last = | first = | date = | website = [[Invest in ME Research]]| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | access-date=2018-08-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.sophiaandme.org.uk/neuropathologicalreport.html | title = Neuropathological Report | last = | first = | date = | website = sophiaandme.org.uk| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | access-date=2018-08-10}}</ref> *[[Lynn Gilderdale]] had ganglionitis which is an infection of [[dorsal root ganglia]] of her spine, typical for a neurological illness.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://niceguidelines.blogspot.com/2011/04/lynn-gilderdales-autopsy-showed-dorsal.html | title = THE NICEGUIDELINES BLOG: Lynn Gilderdale's autopsy showed 'dorsal root ganglionitis' - infected nerve roots, just like Sophia Mirza's | last = Speedy | first = Dr | date = 2011-04-16 | website = THE NICEGUIDELINES BLOG|access-date=2018-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | url = https://www.amazon.com/One-Last-Goodbye-Sometimes-mothers/dp/0091939143 | title = One Last Goodbye: Sometimes only a mother's love can help end the pain | last = Gilderdale | first = Kay | date = 2011-04-14| publisher = Ebury Press|isbn=9780091939144|location=| pages=|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.talkhealthpartnership.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=4600 | title = talkhealth forums - dorsal root ganglionitis | website = talkhealthpartnership.com|access-date=2018-08-16}}</ref> *[[Merryn Crofts]]'s autopsy showed she had [[ganglionitis]].<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.meaction.net/2018/05/19/inquest-rules-merryn-crofts-died-due-to-severe-me/ | title = Inquest Rules Merryn Crofts Died Due to Severe ME {{!}} #MEAction | last = Tillman | first = Adriane | date = May 19, 2018|website = [[The MEAction Network]]|language=en-US| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | access-date=2018-08-16}}</ref> === Brain imaging === * 2014, [[Brains of People With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Offer Clues About Disorder - New York Times: Well (2014)|Brains of People With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Offer Clues About Disorder]] * 2019, [[Evidence of widespread metabolite abnormalities in Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: assessment with whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2019) Mueller, et al|Evidence of widespread metabolite abnormalities in Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: assessment with whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy]] === Cytokines === [[Cytokines]], found in spinal fluid, are increasingly found to be altered in ME/CFS patients and there are several studies by [[Ian Lipkin]] and [[Mady Hornig]] with the [[Microbe Discovery Project]]. See: [[Cytokine#Chronic_Fatigue_Syndrome|Cytokine (''Chronic Fatigue Syndrome'' section)]] === Neuropathological findings === *2017, [http://jim.bmj.com/content/early/2017/04/06/jim-2016-000390 CNS findings in chronic fatigue syndrome and a neuropathological case report]<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Ferrero | first = Kimberly | last2 = Silver | first2 = Mitchell | last3 = Cocchetto | first3 = Alan | last4 = Masliah | first4 = Eliezer | last5 = Langford | first5 = Dianne | date = 2017-04-05 | title = CNS findings in chronic fatigue syndrome and a neuropathological case report | url = https://jim.bmj.com/content/early/2017/04/06/jim-2016-000390 | journal = Journal of Investigative Medicine|language=en| pages=jim–2016–000390|doi=10.1136/jim-2016-000390|issn=1081-5589|pmid=28386034}}</ref> == Learn more == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3OITaAZLNc 2-Minute Neuroscience: Divisions of the Nervous System]<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3OITaAZLNc | title = 2-Minute Neuroscience: Divisions of the Nervous System | last = | first = | date = Aug 8, 2014 | website = YouTube| publisher = Neuroscientifically Challenged| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | access-date=}}</ref> Video short *[https://blausen.com/en/video/central-nervous-system/ Central Nervous System]<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://blausen.com/en/video/central-nervous-system/ | title = Central Nervous System | last = | first = | date = Nov 25, 2015 | website = blausen.com| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | access-date=2018-08-16}}</ref> Video short == See also == * [[Autonomic nervous system]] *[[Brain]] *[[Vertebral column]] (Spine) *[[Dorsal root ganglia]] *[[Jose Montoya]] *[[Parasympathetic nervous system]] *[[Post-mortem brain studies]] *[[Melvin Ramsay]] *[[Stanford ME/CFS Initiative]] == References == [[Category:Body systems]] {{Reflist}} [[Category:Neurology]] [[Category:Central nervous system]]
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