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Rifaximin
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'''Rifaximin''' is an oral [[antibiotic]] that is active in the [[Gastrointestinal system|gastrointestinal tract]] against both [[gram-positive]] and [[gram-negative bacteria]], as well as, both [[Aerobic bacteria|aerobic]] and [[anaerobic bacteria]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Calanni | first = Fiorella | last2 = Renzulli | first2 = Cecilia | last3 = Barbanti | first3 = Miriam | last4 = Viscomi | first4 = Giuseppe Claudio| date = Sep 2014| title = Rifaximin: beyond the traditional antibiotic activity|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25095806|journal=The Journal of Antibiotics|volume=67|issue=9 | pages = 667–670|doi=10.1038/ja.2014.106|issn=0021-8820|pmid=25095806}}</ref> It is used to treat several other gastrointestinal conditions including traveler's [[diarrhea]], [[irritable bowel syndrome]], hepatic encephalopathy, and [[Clostridium difficile|C. difficile]] infection.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.health.utah.gov/pharmacy/drugutilization/files/Criteria%20Review%20Documents/Rifaximin%20June%202013.pdf| title = Rifaximin (Xifaxan) | last = Lake | first = Joanita | authorlink= | last2 = Nelson | first2 = Scott | authorlink2 = | date = May 2013 | website = Utah Department of Health|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=June 1, 2019}}</ref> Among ME/CFS patients, it is commonly used as a treatment for [[Small intestine bacterial overgrowth|Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth]] (SIBO). == Evidence == A meta-analysis published in 2017 concluded "Rifaximin treatment seems to be effective and safe for the treatment of SIBO. However, the quality of the available studies is generally poor. Well‐designed RCTs are needed to substantiate these findings and to establish the optimal regimen."<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Gatta | first = L. | last2 = Scarpignato | first2 = C. | last3 = McCallum | first3 = R.W. | last4 = Lombardo | first4 = L. | last5 = Pimentel | first5 = M. | last6 = D'Incà | first6 = R. | last7 = Gasbarrini | first7 = A. | last8 = De Stefano | first8 = A. | last9 = Cerda | first9 = E. | date = Mar 2017| title = Systematic review with meta‐analysis: rifaximin is effective and safe for the treatment of small intestine bacterial overgrowth|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5299503/|journal=Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics|volume=45|issue=5 | pages = 604–616|doi=10.1111/apt.13928|issn=0269-2813|pmc=5299503|pmid=28078798}}</ref> == Side effects == == Cost and Availability == === United States === Rifxamin is marketed with the brand name Xifaxan. As of May 2019, a 42-count bottle of 550mg Xifaxan pills is priced at approximately $1620 according to GoodRx.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goodrx.com/rifaximin| title = Rifaximin Prices, Coupons & Savings Tips|website=GoodRx|language=en-us|access-date=2019-05-31}}</ref> No generic is authorized in the United States at this time. Due to the cost, insurance coverage for Rifaximin is limited. Many insurance plans require prior authorization paperwork. Patients who can get coverage are often subject to strict quantity / refill limits. The combination of cost, lack of an approved generic, and insurance considerations cause many patients to look to foreign pharmacies. == Learn more == * [https://www.xifaxan.com/ Xifaxan] - Official website *[[wikipedia:Rifaximin|Wikipedia]] == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Potential treatments]] [[Category:Antibiotics]]
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