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Pediatric myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
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<div style="inline"><embedvideo service="youtube" description="'''Children and teens living with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.''' Sixteen year old Olivia Cole became ill at 10. Interview from Good Morning Britain Apr 8, 2015." dimensions="400" alignment="right" container="frame">https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/watch?v=I8lsRlUhRps&autoplay=0&rel=0</embedvideo></div> [[File:PEM6.JPG|400px|thumb|right|What the [world] don’t [see] two faces of M.E.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/SharonTiday/status/1085122891220430848 | title = What the don’t two faces of M.E.pic.twitter.com/DYZVhtyrG5 | last = CFDA #Awareness | first = | date = 2019-01-15 | website = @SharonTiday|language=en|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref>]] [[Pediatric myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome|Pediatric myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome]] ([[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|ME]]) and ([[Chronic fatigue syndrome|CFS]]), or [[ME/CFS]], may occur in very young children or teenagers; with children as young as two years old found to be affected.<ref name="ICC" /> Young people with ME/CFS are more likely to have a good prognosis than adults, although some may be [[Severe and very severe ME|very severely ill]].<ref name="ICC" /> Up to 2 in 100 children suffer from ME/CFS but is more common in adolescents than in younger children.<ref name="CDC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/me-cfs-children/index.html | title = ME/CFS in Children {{!}} Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | date = 2019-01-18 | website = [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us|access-date=2019-04-13}}</ref> Pediatric ME/CFS is defined by the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)<ref name="CDC-factsheet">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/me-cfs-children/factsheet-healthcare-professional.html | title = Pediatric ME/CFS: Fact Sheet for Healthcare Professionals {{!}} Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | date = 2017-10-10 | website = [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us|access-date=2018-10-13}}</ref> (ME/CFS), the [[International Consensus Criteria]] (ICC)<ref name="ICC" /> (an ME criterion), and the [[National Academy of Medicine]]'s (NAM) [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID)<ref name="IOM2015" /> (an ME/CFS criterion) although it is more common in adults.<ref name="CDC-adult">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/about/index.html | title = What is ME/CFS? {{!}} Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | date = 2019-01-18 | website = [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us|access-date=2019-01-31}}</ref> "Children below the age of 8 or 9 do not have the symptom pattern of adolescents past puberty. If the onset of the disease occurs during adolescence, the most common time of onset, the pattern is similar to that of adults."<ref name="BellOMF">{{Cite news | url=https://www.omf.ngo/2016/06/25/mecfs-in-children-by-dr-david-s-bell-2/ | title = ME/CFS in Children - by David S. Bell, MD| date = 2016-06-25 | website = Open Medicine Foundation|access-date=2018-08-11|language=en-US}}</ref> Children are diagnosed with ME/CFS at three months of illness under the SEID and [[Canadian Consensus Criteria]] (CCC) and [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] (ME) is diagnosed immediately under the ICC.<ref name="masscfids">{{Cite web|url=https://www.masscfids.org/pediatric-me-cfs-links | title = Pediatric ME/CFS links|website=[[Massachusetts ME/CFS & FM Association]]|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-08-11}}</ref><ref name="IOM2015" /><ref name="CCC">{{Cite journal | last = Carruthers | first = Bruce | last2 = Jain | first2 = Anil Kumar | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = Kenny | last4 = Peterson | first4 = Daniel | last5 = Klimas | first5 = Nancy | last6 = Lerner | first6 = A. Martin | last7 = Bested | first7 = Alison | last8 = Flor-Henry | first8 = Pierre | last9 = Joshi | first9 = Pradip | last10 = Powles | first10 = A.C. Peter | authorlink10 = A C Peter Powles | last11 = Sherkey | first11 = Jeffrey | authorlink11 = Jeffrey Sherkey | last12 = van de Sande | first12 = Marjorie | authorlink12 = Marjorie van de Sande | date = 2003 | title=Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Clinical Working Case Definition, Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols|url=http://iacfsme.org/Portals/0/pdf/CanadianCaseDefinition.2003.pdf|format = PDF | journal=Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|volume=11 | pages = 7-36|issue=|quote= | author-link = Bruce Carruthers | authorlink2 = Anil Kumar Jain | author-link3 = Kenny De Meirleir | authorlink4 = Daniel Peterson | author-link5 = Nancy Klimas|doi=10.1300/J092v11n01_02 | authorlink6 = A Martin Lerner | authorlink7 = Alison Bested | authorlink8 = Pierre Flor-Henry | authorlink9 = Pradip Joshi}}</ref><ref name="ICC">{{Cite journal | last = Carruthers | first = Bruce M. | authorlink = Bruce Carruthers | last2 = van de Sande | first2 = Marjorie I. | authorlink2=Marjorie van de Sande | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = Kenny L. | authorlink3=Kenny De Meirleir | last4 = Klimas | first4 = Nancy G. | author-link4 = Nancy Klimas | last5 = Broderick | first5 = Gordon | author-link5 = Gordon Broderick | last6 = Mitchell | first6 = Terry | authorlink6 = Terry Mitchell | last7 = Staines | first7 = Donald | author-link7 = Donald Staines | last8 = Powles | first8 = A.C. Peter | author-link8 = A C Peter Powles | last9 = Speight | first9 = Nigel | authorlink9 = Nigel Speight | last10 = Vallings | first10 = Rosamund | authorlink10 = Rosamund Vallings | last11 = Bateman | first11 = Lucinda | authorlink11 = Lucinda Bateman | last12 = Baumgarten-Austrheim | first12 = Barbara | authorlink12 = Barbara Baumgarten-Austrheim | last13 = Bell | first13 = David | author-link13 = David Bell | last14 = Carlo-Stella | first14 = Nicoletta | author-link14 = Nicoletta Carlo-Stella | last15 = Chia | first15 = John | author-link15 = John Chia | last16 = Darragh | first16 = Austin | author-link16 = Austin Darragh | last17 = Jo | first17 = Daehyun | author-link17 = Daehyun Jo | last18 = Lewis | first18 = Donald | author-link18 = Donald Lewis | last19 = Light | first19 = Alan | author-link19 = Alan Light | last20 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first20 = Sonya | author-link20 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last21 = Mena | first21 = Ismael | author-link21 = Ismael Mena | last22 = Mikovits | first22 = Judy | author-link22 = Judy Mikovits | last23 = Miwa | first23 = Kunihisa | author-link23 = Kunihisa Miwa | last24 = Murovska | first24 = Modra | author-link24 = Modra Murovska | last25 = Pall | first25 = Martin | author-link25 = Martin Pall | last26 = Stevens | first26 = Staci | author-link26 = Staci Stevens | date = 2011-08-22 | title=Myalgic encephalomyelitis: International Consensus Criteria|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02428.x|journal=Journal of Internal Medicine|language=en|volume=270|issue=4|pages=327–338|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02428.x|issn=0954-6820|pmc=3427890|pmid=21777306|via=}}</ref> It is especially important that parents, guardians, and educators understand the ME/CFS hallmark symptom, [[post-exertional malaise]] (PEM); symptoms will worsen 24-72 hours after physical or mental [[exertion]]. [[Cognitive dysfunction]] will impact a child's ability to do schoolwork,<ref name="Newton2017" /><ref name="School2018" /> even at home. However, children may not describe PEM but they can experience a relapse from exertion, perhaps from just taking the school bus, and may have to spend prolonged periods in bed.<ref name="BellOMF" /> Recognizing that school nurses are necessary for helping children and their families navigate ME/CFS while balancing the child's education needs, the [[United States]] [https://www.nasn.org/home National Association of School Nurses] (NASN) published ''School Nurses Can Improve the Lives of Students With Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome''.<ref name="School2018">{{Cite journal | last = Friedman | first = Kenneth J. | last2 = Mattey | first2 = Beth | last3 = Newton | first3 = Faith| date = 2018-09-15 | title = School Nurses Can Improve the Lives of Students With Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1942602X18795299|journal=NASN School Nurse|language=en|volume=33|issue=6|pages=372–379|doi=10.1177/1942602x18795299|issn=1942-602X|quote= | author-link = Kenneth Friedman | author-link2 = | authorlink3 = Faith Newton | author-link4 = | authorlink5 = |via=}}</ref> The [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]] (CFSAC), along with the [[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services|US Department of Health and Human Services]] (HHS) published ''Supporting the Pediatric Needs of Educating Students''.<ref name="Newton2017">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/2017-06-cfsac-meeting-presentation-supporting-pediatric-needs.pdf | title = Supporting the Pediatric Needs of Educating Students | last = Newton | first = Faith| date = Jun 2017 | website = US Dept. of Health and Human Services|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date= | authorlink = Faith Newton}}</ref> == Symptoms of pediatric ME/CFS == The same [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease#Diagnostic criteria|core symptoms]] for adults with ME/CFS are found in pediatric cases: [[chronic fatigue]]; [[post-exertional malaise]] (PEM); [[Sleep dysfunction|sleep problems]]; [[Cognitive dysfunction|problems with thinking]] and [[Memory problems|memory]]; and/or [[orthostatic intolerance]] (OI).<ref name="CDC-symptoms-adults">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/symptoms-diagnosis/symptoms.html | title = Symptoms of ME/CFS {{!}} Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | date = 2019-01-18 | website = [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us|access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref><ref name="CDC-symptoms">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/me-cfs-children/children-symptoms-diagnosis.html | title = Symptoms and Diagnosis of ME/CFS in Children {{!}} Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | date = 2019-01-18 | website = [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us|access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref> However, the CDC notes some differences: * Children, especially adolescents, with ME/CFS have orthostatic intolerance ([[dizziness]] and lightheadedness and other symptoms that are triggered when standing up and sometimes also sitting upright) more often than adults. It is often the most unbearable symptom and may make other symptoms of ME/CFS worse. * Sleep problems in young children may show up as a lack of their usual energy. In adolescents with ME/CFS, sleep problems may be hard to detect, as [[Sleep cycle|sleep cycles]] change during puberty. Many adolescents begin to stay up late and often have trouble waking up early. The demands of classes, homework, after-school jobs, and social activities also affect sleep. Common sleep complaints in children and adolescents with ME/CFS include: ** Difficulty [[Insomnia|falling or staying asleep]] ** Daytime sleepiness ** Intense and vivid dreaming * Unlike adults with ME/CFS, children and adolescents with ME/CFS do not usually have [[Myalgia|muscle]] and [[Arthralgia|joint pain]]. [[Headache]]s and [[abdominal pain|stomach pain]] are more common pain symptoms in children and adolescents.<ref name="JasonL2006paed" /> Younger children may not be able to describe the pain well. * In children, particularly in adolescents, ME/CFS is more likely to start after an acute illness, like the [[Influenza|flu]] or [[mononucleosis]]. Sometimes, ME/CFS in children might begin gradually.<ref name="CDC-symptoms" /> Dr. [[David Bell]] agrees the symptoms for children can be different noting abdominal pain is more common and in teens there can be facial flushing. Instead of PEM, children can relapse from minor exertion spending prolonged periods of time in bed.<ref name="BellOMF" /> == Prevalence == A 2006 study by Jordan, et al, concluded that the overall prevalence rate for a community-based sample of adolescents (aged 13 to 17) was 181 per 100,000 or 0.181%.<ref name="Jordan2006">{{Cite journal | last= Jordan | first = Karen M. | last2 = Huang | first2 = Cheng-Fang | last3 = Jason | first3 = Leonard A. | last4 = Richman | first4 = Judith | last5 = Mears | first5 = Cynthia J. | last6 = McCready | first6 = William | last7 = Katz | first7 = Ben Z. | last8 = Ayers | first8 = Penny M. | last9 = Rademaker | first9 = Alfred | date = 2006 | title=Prevalence of Pediatric Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in a Community-Based Sample|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v13n02_04|journal=Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|language=en|volume=13|issue=2-3 | pages = 75–78|doi=10.1300/j092v13n02_04|issn=1057-3321|via=|quote= | author-link = Karen Jordan | author-link2 = | authorlink3 = Leonard Jason | author-link4 = | authorlink5 = Cyn | authorlink7 = Ben Katz}}</ref> A 2011 study in the [[Netherlands]] reported a prevalence rate of 111 per 100 000 adolescents or 0.111%.<ref name="Nijhof2011">{{Cite journal | last = Nijhof | first = S. L. | last2 = Maijer | first2 = K. | last3 = Bleijenberg | first3 = G. | last4 = Uiterwaal | first4 = C. S.P.M. | last5 = Kimpen | first5 = J.L.L. | last6 = van de Putte | first6 = E.M. | date=2011-04-18 | title = Adolescent Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Prevalence, Incidence, and Morbidity|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-1147|journal=PEDIATRICS|volume=127|issue=5| pages = e1169–e1175|doi=10.1542/peds.2010-1147|issn=0031-4005|via=}}</ref> In 2012, the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]] estimated less than 20% of (adult) [[United States|Americans]] that have [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (CFS) were diagnosed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/cfs/diagnosis/index.html | title = Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)| date = 2018-07-03 | website = [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us|access-date=2018-08-11}}</ref> A 2008 [[ProHealth]] survey of 1,210 (adult) ME/CFS patients showed "29% had been ill from 6 to 20-plus years before being diagnosed."<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.prohealth.com/library/showarticle.cfm?libid=13672 | title = A Profile of ME/CFS Patients - How Many Years and How Many Doctors? - Prohealth| date = 2008-05-16|work=Prohealth|access-date=2018-08-11|language=en-US}}</ref> == Prognosis == [[Prognosis for myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome|Prognosis]] in adolescents is considered to be better than in adults.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/healthcare-providers/presentation-clinical-course/prognosis.html | title = Prognosis {{!}} Presentation and Clinical Course {{!}} Healthcare Providers {{!}} Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | date = 2018-07-10 | website = [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref><ref name="Rowe2017" /> [[Fred Gill|Gill]] et al. reported that 4.5 years after an initial evaluation almost a quarter of adolescent ME/CFS patients reached “near to complete improvement”. The diagnosis in this study however was made retrospectively (by looking at old charts and test results instead of a clinician’s assessment). A Dutch team followed up on 54 adolescents with ME/CFS. After an average of 2.2 years almost half of the sample said they've had almost completely recovered. [[David Bell]] followed up on 35 ME/CFS patients who fell ill during the [[1985 Lyndonville outbreak|Lyndonville outbreak]] in the 1980s. Prognosis was favorable: 37% said they had "recovered completely" and felt "entirely well.” A further 42.9% agreed with the statement “I have never recovered completely but feel pretty well." Other studies ([[Luiza Rangel|Rangel]] et al., [[Sulheim]] et al., Rimes et al.) have reported similar high improvement/recovery rates in pediatric ME/CFS, though these studies did not use generally accepted diagnostic criteria of ME/CFS. In the Bulletin of the [[International Association for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis|IACFS/ME]], [[Katherine Rowe]] claimed to have data for 256 young ME/CFS patients 12 years after initial evaluation. Eighty-eight percent reported recovery, though this information has not been reported in a [[Peer review|peer-review]] publication. In its 2015 report (p.183, 213), the [[National Academy of Medicine|NAM]] noted a lack of well-designed longitudinal studies on the prognosis of ME/CFS in children and adolescents. However, Dr. Bell notes that if an adolescent spent three months in bed due to ME/CFS they will still be ill at age 35 even if their symptoms were mild in their adult years. Becoming increasingly ill with activity and symptom severity is expected 15-20 years later.<ref name="BellOMF" /><blockquote>One study of young adults followed for fifteen years demonstrated clear improvement in activity, but not illness resolution<sup>8</sup>. The same group of patients continued to do relatively well for a further five to ten years and then became worse in both activity limitation and symptom severity<sup>12</sup>. It is rare for an adolescent to become completely free of the disease<sup>13</sup>.<ref name="BellOMF" /></blockquote> ==Infectious onsets of ME/CFS == Particularly likely to cause ME/CFS are: * [[Epstein-Barr virus]] * [[Ross River virus]] * [[Coxiella burnetii]] One in ten people, including children and teenagers, who become infected with one of these will develop a set of symptoms that meet the criteria for ME/CFS; people with severe symptoms to these infections are more likely to develop ME/CFS.<ref name="CDC-causes">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/about/possible-causes.html | title = Possible Causes {{!}} Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) | last = | first = | date = Jul 12, 2018 | website = [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2022-04-03}}</ref><ref name="CDC-symptoms" /> '''Other infections studied in relation to ME/CFS but not necessarily causative:''' <div style="column-count:2;"> * atypical adverse reaction to a medication * [[bacterial infection|Bacterial infections]] * [[Bornavirus]]es * [[Candida albicans]] * [[Enterovirus]]es * [[Fungal infection]] * [[Human herpesvirus 6|HHV-6]] * [[HIV]] * [[Mycoplasma]] * [[Category:Parasitic diseases|Parasitic infection]] * [[Rubella]]<ref name="Rowe2017" /><ref name="CDC-causes" /> </div> '''Other reported onset triggers:''' * Exposure to [[Chemical sensitivity|toxin]]s * Immune system responses to [[vaccine]]s * Overexertion or [[Overtraining syndrome|overtraining]] * Physical stress (e.g. injury) or emotional [[stress]]<ref name="Rowe2017" /><ref name="CDC-causes" /> Many [[List of myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome outbreaks|outbreaks]] have been attributed to a [[flu-like illness]] including [[1984 Incline Village chronic fatigue syndrome outbreak|Incline Village]], NV, [[1953 Maryland outbreak|Rockville, MD]], and the [[1984 Tapanui & West Otago Outbreak|Tapanui & West Otago, New Zealand Outbreak]] to name a few. ==Risk factors== [[Gene]]s are being considered for a risk in developing ME/CFS as sometimes several members of the same family will develop ME/CFS. Children and adolescents have bern known to develop ME/CFS after [[Influenza|flu]].<ref name="CDC-causes" /> {{See also|Genetics of chronic fatigue syndrome}} == Pediatric onset patients == Please read their pages for more information. * [[Merryn Crofts]] Onset age 15. Died of ME; second in [[United Kingdom|UK]] to have ME listed on death certificate. * [[Beth French]] Onset at age 10, recovery began after diagnosis at age 17, [[Severe and very severe ME|severely ill]] for some time, now fully recovered * [[Lynn Gilderdale]] Onset age 14. TB [[vaccine]] onset, [[Severe and very severe ME|severely ill]] 17 yrs. prior to an assisted suicide. * [[Emily Collingridge]] Onset age 6. Mumps triggered ME. Severely ill from age 14, died age 30. * [[Karina Hansen]] Onset as adult teenager, sanctioned as mental health patient for 3 1/2 yrs (by [[Denmark|Danish]] government), now improving at home. * [[Tom Kindlon]] Onset age 16. [[Severe and very severe ME|Wheelchair bound requiring full time care]], also publishes research on ME/CFS. * [[Ryan Prior]] became ill while attending high school. Upon graduating college, Ryan and his then-girlfriend, [[Nicole Castillo]], co-directed ''[[Forgotten Plague]].'' * [[Naomi Whittingham]] Onset age 12. Severely ill. * [[:File:Rosa SEID.JPG|Rosa]] Onset age 17. Disease progressed from meeting [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease|SEID]] criterion to [[Canadian Consensus Criteria|CCC]]; now disabled. == School nurse guides on Pediatric ME/CFS == * 2017, [https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/2017-06-cfsac-meeting-presentation-supporting-pediatric-needs.pdf Supporting the Pediatric Needs of Educating Students] * 2018, [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1942602X18795299 School Nurses Can Improve the Lives of Students With Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]<ref name="School2018" /> == Guides on Pediatric ME/CFS == === Government === * 2015, [https://www.nap.edu/read/19012/chapter/8 Pediatric ME/CFS] by the NAM<ref name="IOM2015">{{Cite book | last = Institute of Medicine | authorlink = Institute of Medicine | title = Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness|location=Washington, DC|publisher=The National Academies Press | date = 2015 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK284902/ |isbn=0309316898 | pmid = 25695122 |doi = 10.17226/19012|pages=181|via=}}</ref> [[United States|US]] * 2018, ''Fact Sheets'' for [https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/me-cfs-children/factsheet-healthcare-professional.html healthcare professionals],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/me-cfs-children/factsheet-healthcare-professional.html | title = Pediatric ME/CFS: Fact Sheet for Healthcare Professionals {{!}} Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | date = 2017-10-10 | website = [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us|access-date=2018-10-13}}</ref> [https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/me-cfs-children/factsheet-parents-guardians.html parents and guardians],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/me-cfs-children/factsheet-parents-guardians.html | title = ME/CFS in Children: Fact Sheet for Parents/Guardians {{!}} Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | date = 2017-10-10 | website = [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us|access-date=2018-10-13}}</ref> and [https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/me-cfs-children/factsheet-educational-professional.html education professionals] by the CDC<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/me-cfs-children/factsheet-educational-professional.html | title = ME/CFS in Children: Fact Sheet for Education Professionals {{!}} Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | date = 2017-10-10 | website = [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us|access-date=2018-10-13}}</ref> US === Research groups === * 2006, Pediatric Case Definition for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref name="JasonL2006paed" /> [http://solvecfs.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/pediatriccasedefinitionshort.pdf (Full Text)] US * 2006, [[Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Volume 13, Issue 2-3, 2006]] - entire issue devoted to pediatric ME/CFS<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.me-pedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Chronic_Fatigue_Syndrome:_Volume_13,_Issue_2-3,_2006 | title = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Volume 13, Issue 2-3, 2006 - MEpedia|website=me-pedia.org|language=en|access-date=2018-10-14}}</ref> * 2009, [http://www.njcfsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/3-3-NJCFSA-CFS-in-Children-Adolescents.pdf Pediatric Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - Fact Sheet]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.njcfsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/3-3-NJCFSA-CFS-in-Children-Adolescents.pdf | title = Pediatric Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - Fact Sheet | last = Bell | first = David S. | authorlink = | date = 2009 | website = njcfsa.org|publisher=New Jersey Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Association, Inc|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=}}</ref> * 2016, [https://www.omf.ngo/2016/06/25/mecfs-in-children-by-dr-david-s-bell-2/ ME/CFS in Children - By David S. Bell, MD]<ref name="BellOMF" /> * 2017, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diagnosis and Management in Young People: A Primer<ref name="Rowe2017">{{Cite journal | last = Rowe | first = Peter C. | authorlink = Peter Rowe | last2 = Underhill | first2 = Rosemary A. | authorlink2=Rosemary Underhill | last3 = Friedman | first3 = Kenneth J. | authorlink3 =Kenneth Friedman | last4 = Gurwitt | first4 = Alan | author-link4 = Alan Gurwitt | first5 = Marvin S. | last5 = Medow | author-link5 = Marvin Medow | last6 = Schwartz | first6 = Malcolm S. | authorlink6 = Malcolm Schwartz | last7 = Speight | first7 = Nigel | authorlink7 = Nigel Speight | last8 = Stewart | first8 = Julian M. | authorlink8 = Julian Stewart | last9 = Vallings | first9 = Rosamund | authorlink9 = Rosamund Vallings | last10 = Rowe | first10 = Katherine | authorlink10=Katherine Rowe | date = 2017 | title=Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diagnosis and Management in Young People: A Primer |url =https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2017.00121/full|journal=Frontiers in Pediatrics|language=English|volume=5|pages=121|doi=10.3389/fped.2017.00121|issn=2296-2360}}</ref> [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2017.00121/full (Full Text)] US === Advocacy groups === * 2016, [http://www.tymestrust.org/pdfs/mecfsseid.pdf Pediatric ME, CFS, SEID for Families and their GPs]<ref name="tymestrust">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tymestrust.org/pdfs/mecfsseid.pdf | title = Paediatric ME, CFS, SEID for Families and their GPs | last = Colby | first = Jane | date = Jun 2016 | website = Tymes Trust|publisher=The Young ME Sufferers Trust|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=}}</ref> [[United Kingdom|UK]] * 2017, [https://www.masscfids.org/pediatric-me-cfs-diagnosis Pediatric ME/CFS Diagnosis]<ref name="massmecfs">{{Cite web|url=https://www.massmecfs.org/pediatric-me-cfs-diagnosis | title = Pediatric ME/CFS Diagnosis | last = | first = | date = 2017 | website = Massachusetts ME/CFS & FM|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=}}</ref> US == Webinar == *2017, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WqGmHpL6MI A Clinical Approach to ME/CFS in Adolescent and Young Adults: A Practical Primer]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WqGmHpL6MI | title = A Clinical Approach to ME/CFS in Adolescent and Young Adults: A Practical Primer | last=Rowe | first = Peter| date = 2017-05-17 | website = YouTube|publisher=SolveCFS|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=}}</ref> "This webinar is led by [[Peter Rowe]], MD, director of the Chronic Fatigue Clinic and professor of pediatrics at Johns Hopkins Children’s Center in Baltimore, Maryland." == Charities == [[Tymes Trust]] is a UK charity dedicated to helping parents and guardians understand Pediatric ME/CFS and navigate social services, healthcare, and the school system. ==Notable studies == * 1996, Long-term sickness absence due to ME/CFS in UK schools; an epidemiological study with medical and educational implications.<ref name="Dowsett, Colby, 1996">{{Cite journal | last1 = Dowsett | first1 = Elizabeth G. | authorlink1 = Elizabeth Dowsett | last2 = Colby | first2 = Jane| authorlink2 = Jane Colby | title = Long-Term Sickness Absence Due to ME/CFS in UK Schools: An Epidemiological Study with Medical and Educational Implications | journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | page = 29-42 | date = 1996 | doi = 10.1300/J092v03n02_04 | url = http://www.tymestrust.org/pdfs/dowsettcolby.pdf }}</ref> [https://www.tymestrust.org/pdfs/dowsettcolby.pdf (Full text)] *1997, Research with Children and Adolescents with [[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]: Methodologies, Designs, and Special Considerations<ref>{{Cite journal | last= Jordan | first = Karen M. | last2 = Kolak | first2 = Amy M. | last3 = Jason | first3 = Leonard A. | date = 1997 | title=Research with Children and Adolescents with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J092v03n02_02|journal=Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|language=en|volume=3|issue=2|pages=3–13|doi=10.1300/j092v03n02_02|issn=1057-3321|via=}}</ref> [http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v03n02_02 (Abstract)] *2006, A Pediatric Case Definition for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref name="JasonL2006paed">{{Cite journal | last1 = Jason | first1 = Leonard A | authorlink1 = Leonard Jason | last2 = Jordan | first2 = Karen | authorlink2 = Karen Jordan | last3 = Miike | first3 = Teruhisa | authorlink3 = Teruhisa Miike | last4 = Bell | first4 = David S | authorlink4 = David Bell | last5 = Lapp | first5 = Charles | authorlink5 = Charles Lapp | last6 = Torres-Harding | first6 = Susan | authorlink6 = Susan Torres-Harding | last7 = Rowe | first7 = Kathy | authorlink7 = Kathy Rowe | last8 = Gurwitt | first8 = Alan | authorlink8 = Alan Gurwitt | last9 = De Meirleir | first9 = Kenny | authorlink9 = Kenny de Meirleir | last10 = Van Hoof | first10 = Elke LS | authorlink10 = Elke Van Hoof | title = A Pediatric Case Definition for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 13 | issue = 2-3 | pages = 1-44 | date = 2006 | doi = 10.1300/J092v13n02_01 }}</ref> [http://solvecfs.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/pediatriccasedefinitionshort.pdf (Full Text)] *2011, Adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome: prevalence, incidence, and morbidity.<ref name="Nijhof2011" /> [http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/127/5/e1169.full (Full Text)] *2015, Pediatric ME/CFS - [[Institute of Medicine report|Institute of Medicine Report]] - The National Academies Press<ref name="IOM2015" /> [https://www.nap.edu/read/19012/chapter/8#201 (Full Text)] *2015, Less efficient and costly processes of [[frontal cortex]] in childhood chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name="Mizuno, 2015">{{Cite journal | last1 = Mizuno | first1 = K. | authorlink1 = | last2 = Tanaka | first2 = M. | authorlink2 = | last3 = Tanabe | first3 = H.C. | authorlink3 = | last4 = Joudoi | first4 = T. | authorlink4 = | last5 = Kawatani | first5 = J. | authorlink5 = | last6 = Shigihara | first6 = Y. | authorlink6 = | last7 = Tomoda | first7 = A. | authorlink7 = | last8 = Miike | first8 = T. | authorlink8 = | last9 = Imai-Matsumura | first9 = K. | authorlink9 = | last10 = Sadato | first10 = N. | author-link10 = | last11 = Watanabe | first11 = Y. | authorlink11 = Yasuyoshi Watanabe | title = Less efficient and costly processes of frontal cortex in childhood chronic fatigue syndrome | journal = NeuroImage : Clinical | volume = 2015 | issue = 9 | page = 355–368 | date = 2015 | pmid = 26594619 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26594619 | doi = 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.09.001 }}</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4589845/ (Full Text)] *2016, Comorbidities treated in primary care in children with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: A nationwide registry linkage study from [[Norway]]<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Bakken | first = Inger J. | last2 = Tveito | first2 = Kari | last3 = Aaberg | first3 = Kari M. | last4 = Ghaderi | first4 = Sara | last5 = Gunnes | first5 = Nina | last6 = Trogstad | first6 = Lill | last7 = Magnus | first7 = Per | last8 = Stoltenberg | first8 = Camilla | last9 = Håberg | first9 = Siri E. | date = 2016-09-02 | title = Comorbidities treated in primary care in children with chronic fatigue syndrome / myalgic encephalomyelitis: A nationwide registry linkage study from Norway|url=https://bmcfampract.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12875-016-0527-7|journal=BMC Family Practice|language=en|volume=17|issue=1|pages=|doi=10.1186/s12875-016-0527-7|issn=1471-2296|pmc=|pmid=27590471|via=}}</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5010760/ (Full text)] *2018, Chronic fatigue syndrome in [[Chinese]] middle-school students<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00005792-201801260-00037 | title = Chronic fatigue syndrome in Chinese middle-school students | last = Shi | first = Jieyao | last2 = Shen | first2 = Jie | date = 2018-01-01 | website = insights.ovid.com|publisher=Ovid|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2018-08-11 | last3 = Xie | first3 = Jian | last4 = Zhi | first4 = Jianming | last5 = Xu | first5 = Yong}}</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5794388/ (Full Text)] == See also == * [[David Bell]] * [[Leonard Jason]] * [[Munchausen syndrome by proxy]] * [[Stigma and discrimination]] *[[Epidemiology of myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome|Epidemiology]] *[[Onset of ME/CFS|Onset]] *[[Prevalence of myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome|Prevalence]] *[[Prognosis]] *[[Primer for family, friends and care providers]] *[[Sex differences in myalgic encephalomyelitis]] === Generally accepted criteria for diagnosis === *[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]] (CCC)<ref name="CCC" /> A diagnosis of moderate and severe forms of [[ME/CFS]] are accurately made using this criterion. Adults can be diagnosed at 6 months while pediatric cases are diagnosed at three months. *[[International Consensus Criteria]] (ICC)<ref name="ICC" /> This criteria will accurately diagnose [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] (ME). There is no requirement that the individual have symptoms for a specified period of time for diagnosis, as opposed to CCC, [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda]], and [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease|SEID]], which all require 6 months in adults. *[[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID)<ref name="IOM2015" /> ME/CFS ([[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease|SEID]]) is accurately diagnosed when the [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease#Diagnostic criteria|core symptoms]] are met. The [[Institute of Medicine report]] as a whole is a comprehensive review of the medical literature available at time of publication (2015). Adults can be diagnosed at 6 months while pediatric cases are diagnosed at three months. == Learn more == *[https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/me-cfs-children/children-symptoms-diagnosis.html Symptoms and Diagnosis of ME/CFS in Children] - CDC *2018, [http://thewireless.co.nz/articles/the-children-left-bed-bound-by-fatigue The children left bed-bound by fatigue] - The Wireless, NZ *2018, [https://www.sbs.com.au/news/insight/article/2018/10/16/my-son-hasnt-left-house-year My son hasn't left the house in a year] - SBS - Insight *2019, [https://twitter.com/chicaguapa/status/1123531859999318016/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1123531859999318016&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fs9e.github.io%2Fiframe%2Ftwitter.min.html%231123531859999318016 A Heavy Weight To Carry] - Teach Primary Magazine article (UK) ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Core topics]]
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