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Myalgic encephalomyelitis/he
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==Diagnosis== [[File:Tom Kindlon.png|300px|thumb|[[Tom Kindlon]] became [[Pediatric myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome|ill at 16]] and never recovered. He is an ME/CFS advocate with published works in Research Gate and PubMed. Kindlon lives in [[Ireland]] and is Assistant Chairperson of the [[Irish ME/CFS Association]]. Tom and others analyzed the data for the PACE trial proving out that its published results were untrue. He uses a [[Severe and very severe ME|wheelchair and his full-time carer]] is his mother, Vera]] {{Main article | page_name =Definitions of myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome}} There are several proposed criteria for diagnosing ME including the [[International Consensus Criteria]] (ICC) and the [[Canadian Consensus Criteria]] (CCC). The original criteria developed by [[Melvin Ramsay]], the [[Ramsay definition]], is not used for diagnosing ME today. ===Generally accepted criteria for diagnosing ME/CFS and ME=== *[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]] (CCC)<ref name="Carruthers, 2003">{{Citation | last1 = Carruthers | first1 = Bruce M. | authorlink1 = Bruce Carruthers | last2 = Jain | first2 = Anil Kumar | authorlink2 = Anil Kumar Jain | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = Kenny L. | authorlink3 = Kenny De Meirleir | last4 = Peterson | first4 = Daniel L. | authorlink4 = Daniel Peterson | last5 = Klimas | first5 = Nancy G. | authorlink5 = Nancy Klimas | last6 = Lerner | first6 = A. Martin | authorlink6 = Martin Lerner | last7 = Bested | first7 = Alison C. | authorlink7 = Alison Bested | last8 = Flor-Henry | first8 = Pierre | authorlink8 = Pierre Flor-Henry | last9 = Joshi | first9 = Pradip | authorlink9 = Pradip Joshi | last10 = Powles | first10 = AC Peter | authorlink10 = A C Peter Powles | last11 = Sherkey | first11 = Jeffrey A. | authorlink11 = Jeffrey Sherkey | last12 = van de Sande | first12 = Marjorie I. | authorlink12 = Marjorie van de Sande | title = Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Clinical Working Case Definition, Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols | journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 11 | issue = 2 | pages = 7-115 | date = 2003 | pmid = | doi = 10.1300/J092v11n01_02 | url = http://phoenixrising.me/wp-content/uploads/Canadian-definition.pdf }}</ref> A diagnosis of moderate and severe forms of [[ME/CFS]] are accurately made using this criterion. Adults can be diagnosed at 6 months while pediatric cases are diagnosed at three months. *[[International Consensus Criteria]] (ICC)<ref name="ICC" /><ref name="ICC2011primer">{{citation | last1 = Carruthers | first1 = BM | authorlink1 = Bruce Carruthers | last2 = van de Sande | first2 = MI | authorlink2 = Marjorie van de Sande | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = KL | authorlink3 = Kenny de Meirleir | last4 = Klimas | first4 = NG | authorlink4 = Nancy Klimas | last5 = Broderick | first5 = G | authorlink5 = Gordon Broderick | last6 = Mitchell | first6 = T | authorlink6 = Terry Mitchell | last7 = Staines | first7 = D | authorlink7 = Donald Staines | last8 = Powles | first8 = ACP | authorlink8 = A C Peter Powles | last9 = Speight | first9 = N | authorlink9 = Nigel Speight | last10 = Vallings | first10 = R | authorlink10 = Rosamund Vallings | last11 = Bateman | first11 = L | authorlink11 = Lucinda Bateman | last12 = Bell | first12 = DS | authorlink12 = David Bell | last13 = Carlo-Stella | first13 = N | authorlink13 = Nicoletta Carlo-Stella | last14 = Chia | first14 = J | authorlink14 = John Chia | last15 = Darragh | first15 = A | authorlink15 = Austin Darragh | last16 = Gerken | first16 = A | authorlink16 = Anne Gerken | last17 = Jo | first17 = D | authorlink17 = Daehyun Jo | last18 = Lewis | first18 = DP | authorlink18 = Donald Lewis | last19 = Light | first19 = AR | authorlink19 = Alan Light | last20 = Light | first20 = KC | authorlink20 = Kathleen Light | last21 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first21 = S | authorlink21 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last22 = McLaren-Howard | first22 = J | authorlink22 = John McLaren-Howard | last23 = Mena | first23 = I | authorlink23 = Ismael Mena | last24 = Miwa | first24 = K | authorlink24 = Kunihisa Miwa | last25 = Murovska | first25 = M | authorlink25= Modra Murovska | last26 = Stevens | first26 = SR | authorlink26 = Staci Stevens | title = Myalgic encephalomyelitis: Adult & Paediatric: International Consensus Primer for Medical Practitioners | date = 2012 | isbn = 978-0-9739335-3-6 | url = http://www.investinme.org/Documents/Guidelines/Myalgic%20Encephalomyelitis%20International%20Consensus%20Primer%20-2012-11-26.pdf }}</ref> This criteria will accurately diagnose myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME). There is no requirement that the individual have symptoms for a specified period of time for diagnosis, as opposed to CCC, [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda]], and [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease|SEID]], which all require 6 months in adults. *[[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID)<ref name="IOM-full">{{Cite book | last = Institute of Medicine | first = | authorlink = Institute of Medicine | date = 2015 | title = Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness.|location = Washington, DC|publisher =The National Academies Press|doi=10.17226/19012 | url = http://iom.nationalacademies.org/Reports/2015/ME-CFS.aspx}}</ref> ME/CFS ([[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease|SEID]]) is accurately diagnosed when the [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease#Diagnostic criteria|core symptoms]] are met. The [[Institute of Medicine report]] is a whole is a comprehensive review of the medical literature available at time of publication (2015). Adults can be diagnosed at 6 months while pediatric cases are diagnosed at three months. === Other diagnostic criteria === Several, overly broad criteria have been proposed and are in use. These criteria likely capture some patients with the disease characterized in the medical literature on [[Epidemic myalgic encephalomyelitis|epidemic ME]], exclude others, and also include patients with a wide range of other undiagnosed conditions including cancer, depression, and a range of autoimmune diseases. The United Kingdom's [[Oxford criteria|Oxford criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome]] is the broadest and likely least discerning definition. (The US [[Institute of Medicine report]] called for its complete retirement.)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theargusreport.com/us-nih-report-calls-uk-definition-mecfs-scrapped/ | title = US NIH Report Calls for UK Definition of ME/CFS to be Scrapped | last = Swift | first = Penny | date = |website=theargusreport.com|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2018-09-08}}</ref> The US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|Centers for Disease Control]]'s (CDC) [[Fukuda criteria]], in use since 1994, is also overly broad. The Institute of Medicine report developed the criteria of [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID) and although it can diagnose ME patients [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease#Diagnostic criteria|with the minimum core symptoms]],<ref name="IOM-flowchart">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2015/MECFS/MECFS_DiagnosticAlgorithm | title = Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness - Diagnostic Algorithm | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = 2015 | website = nationalacademies.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name="IOM-clinicians">{{Cite web|url=http://iom.nationalacademies.org/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2015/MECFS/MECFScliniciansguide.pdf | title=Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - Redefining an Illness: Clinicians' Guide | last = | first = | date = 2015 | website = National Academies|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=}}</ref> it does not describe the array of symptoms those suffering with ME experience. Symptoms such as [[Nervous system|neurological]], [[Immune system|immune]]/[[Gastrointestinal system|gastrointestinal]]/genitourinary impairment, and [[Portal:Energy metabolism|energy metabolism]]/[[Ion transportation|ion transport]] impairment; these [[International Consensus Criteria#Criteria|symptoms are necessary for a diagnosis]] under the [[International Consensus Criteria|ICC]].<ref name="ICC" /> The [[Canadian Consensus Criteria|CCC]] requires neurological, [[Autonomic nervous system|autonomic]], neuroendocrine, immune system, and [[myalgia]] symptoms to meet [[Canadian Consensus Criteria#Definition|its ME/CFS diagnostic criteria]].<ref name="Carruthers, 2003" /> ===Differential diagnosis=== The signs and symptoms of ME can be similar to other medical problems, "such as cancer, [[multiple sclerosis]], [[Systemic lupus erythematosus|lupus]], [[brucellosis]], or another condition."<ref name="NORD" /><ref name="Carruthers, 2003" /> Additional testing may be needed to help distinguish ME from these other problems.<ref name="IOM-clinicians" />
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