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Menstrual problems in ME/CFS
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==Long COVID== Anecdotal reports from people with [[Long COVID]] have reported the sudden onset of significant menstrual problems after developing Long COVID.<ref name="LCNPR2021">{{Cite news | url = https://www.npr.org/2021/03/21/979809515/months-after-contracting-virus-2-women-suffer-crippling-effects-of-long-covid?t=1652828435447| title = Months After Contracting Virus, They Suffer Crippling Effects Of 'Long COVID' | date = March 21, 2021 | website = NPr | access-date = 2022-05-18}}</ref><ref name="Bustle2020">{{Cite news | date = | url = https://www.bustle.com/wellness/covid-19-menstrual-cycles-pandemic | title = Extreme Clotting, Missed Cycles, Seizures: How Periods Have Changed During The Pandemic]. People's periods are even more hellish than usual. | first = Jennifer | last = Gerson|website=Bustle | date = July 16, 2020| access-date = 2022-05-18}}</ref><ref name="Davis2021a">{{Cite journal | last = Davis | first = Hannah E. | authorlink = Hannah Davis | last2 = Assaf | first2 = Gina S. | last3 = McCorkell | first3 = Lisa | last4 = Wei | first4 = Hannah | last5 = Low | first5 = Ryan J. | last6 = Re'em | first6 = Yochai | last7 = Redfield | first7 = Signe | last8 = Austin | first8 = Jared P. | last9 = Akrami | first9 = Athena | date = 2021-07-15| title = Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact| url = https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(21)00299-6/abstract|journal=EClinicalMedicine | language=English|volume=38|issue = | pages=101019|doi=10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101019|pmc=PMC8280690|pmid=34308300|issn=2589-5370}}</ref> Fiona Lowenstein, co-founder of [[Body Politic]] reports: {{Quote | text=I do still have some long-term symptoms. The most notable is that my menstrual periods have changed entirely, and they're very debilitating now. And I have a return of flu-like symptoms as well as fatigue and migraines and sometimes nausea and vomiting. And that's something I never experienced before COVID, but it is something that we see with a lot of long COVID patients and survivors who menstruate.<ref name="LCNPR2021"/>| source=NPR, Mar 21, 2021 | author=[[Fiona Lowenstein]]}} Davis et al. (2021) reported that of the Long COVID patients surveyed who menstruated, over a third experienced relapses of Long COVID symptoms during or during their periods,<ref name="Davis2021a" /> which is the most inflammatory time in the menstrual cycle.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | title=The COVID-19 pandemic and the menstrual cycle: research gaps and opportunities | date = 2021-12-02| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8690231 | journal=International Journal of Epidemiology|volume = | issue = | pages=dyab239 | last = Sharp|first = Gemma C | authorlink = | last2 = Fraser | first2 = Abigail | authorlink2 = | last3 = Sawyer | first3 = Gemma| authorlink3 = | last4 = Kountourides | first4 = Gabriella| authorlink4 = | last5 = Easey | first5 = Kayleigh E | authorlink5 = | last6 = Ford | first6 = Gemma| authorlink6 = | last7 = Olszewska | first7 = Zuzanna | last8 = Howe | first8 = Laura D | last9 = Lawlor | first9 = Deborah A | last10 = Alvergne | first10 = Alexandra | last11 = Maybin | first11 = Jacqueline A|language=en|doi=10.1093/ije/dyab239|pmc=PMC8690231 | pmid=34865021 | access-date = |issn=0300-5771 | quote = | via=}}</ref> Sharp et al. (2021) reports that this is similar to the experience of ME/CFS patients, who have more [[Flare-up|flare-ups]] worsening their systems when they have [[premenstrual syndrome]] and at the start of [[menopause]].<ref name=":0" /> Some [[Long COVID]] symptoms including changes in menstrual cycle overlap with [[menopause]] symptoms, which may result in menopause being misdiagnosed as Long COVID.<ref name="Stewart2021">{{Cite journal | title=Long COVID risk - a signal to address sex hormones and women's health | date = 2021-12-01 | url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00228-3/abstract|journal=The Lancet Regional Health β Europe | volume=11 | last = Stewart | first = Stuart | last2 = Newson | first2 = Louise | last3 = Briggs | first3 = Tracy A. | last4 = Grammatopoulos | first4 = Dimitris | last5 = Young | first5 = Lawrence | last6 = Gill | first6 = Paramjit|language=English|doi=10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100242|pmid=34746909|issn=2666-7762}}</ref>
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