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Long COVID
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==What is long COVID== [[File:Long-COVID-1in10.jpg|alt=Long COVID poster - 1 in 10 people with COVID-19 may develop long COVID|thumb]] Long COVID appears to be a multisystem disease, and may occur after any severity of COVID-19, including after relatively mild cases.<ref name="BMJ11Aug2020" /><ref name="BMJ1Oct2020" /> === Signs and symptoms === Patient surveys have reported that the following symptoms commonly occur in long COVID. *[[Fatigue]], which may be extreme (profound) *[[myalgia|Muscle pain]] or body aches *[[dyspnea|Breathlessness]] *[[Concentration problems]] *Inability to [[exercise]]/[[exercise intolerance]] *[[Headache]] *[[Insomnia]] or [[sleep dysfunction|problems sleeping]] *Heavy chest, a feeling of pressure on the chest, or chest pain Other reported symptoms include: *[[Anxiety]] *[[Paresis|Muscle weakness]] *[[Memory problems]] *[[Skin rash|es]] *[[Sore throat]] and [[dysphagia|difficulty swallowing]] *[[Heart palpitation]]s *[[Fever]] *[[Diarrhea]] *[[Dizziness]] *The sensation of [[pins and needles]] *[[Cough]] *[[Low-grade fever]] *[[Dysgeusia|Loss of sense of taste]] and [[anosmia|loss of sense of smell]] *[[Joint pain]] *[[new allergies and intolerances|New onset allergies]], which may lead to [[anaphylaxis|anaphylactic shock]] in some cases<ref name="Davis2021a" /> *New onset [[diabetes]]<ref name="Rubino2020">{{Cite journal|last = Rubino|first = Francesco | last2 = Amiel | first2 = Stephanie A. | last3 = Zimmet | first3 = Paul | last4 = Alberti | first4 = George | last5 = Bornstein | first5 = Stefan | last6 = Eckel | first6 = Robert H. | last7 = Mingrone | first7 = Geltrude | last8 = Boehm | first8 = Bernhard | last9 = Cooper | first9 = Mark E. | date = 2020-08-20 | title = New-Onset Diabetes in Covid-19|url=https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2018688|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=383|issue=8 | pages = 789β790|doi=10.1056/NEJMc2018688|issn=0028-4793|pmc = 7304415|pmid=32530585}}</ref> *New onset [[Hypertension|high blood pressure]]<ref name="Navabi2020" /><ref name="Lambert25Jul2020" /><ref name="NHSlongSep2020">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-long-term-health-effects/covid-19-long-term-health-effects | title = COVID-19 Long Term Health Effects|last = National Health Service | first = | authorlink = National Health Service | date = Sep 7, 2020 | website = |archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name="Yellin2020" /> *New [[Menstrual problems in ME/CFS|menstrual problems]]<ref name="Davis2021" /> {{Quote box|βA very common feature is the relapsing, remitting nature of the illness, where you feel as though youβve recovered, then it hits you back|source=Dr. Nisreen Alwan, BMJ, Sep 2020}} ===World Health Organization Long COVID diagnostic criteria === Post COVID-19 condition ("Long COVID") definition *history of probable or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection *symptom(s) last 2 months from the start of COVID-19 (or 3 months for asymptomatic COVID-19) *symptom(s) can't be explained by an alternative diagnosis *no minimum number of symptoms *symptom(s) generally affect day to day functioning *new onset of symptoms - symptoms begin after recovery from COVID-19 or begin at the start of COVID-19 and persist *symptoms can fluctuate or improve then relapse over time Common symptoms: *[[fatigue]] *[[shortness of breath]] *[[cognitive dysfunction]] but there are others Other symptoms: *[[abdominal pain]], [[menstrual and period problems]], [[parosmia|altered smell]]/[[dysgeusia|taste]], [[anxiety]] , [[blurred vision]], [[chest pain]], [[cognitive dysfunction]] (e.g. brain fog), [[cough]], [[depression]], [[dizziness]], [[fatigue]], intermittent [[fever]], gastrointestinal issues ([[diarrhoea]], [[constipation]], [[acid reflux]]), [[headache]], [[memory problems|memory issues]], [[arthralgia|joint pain]], [[myalgia|muscle pain]], [[muscle spasm]]s, [[nerve pain|neuralgias]] (nerve pain), [[new allergies and intolerances|new onset allergies]], [[paresthesia|pins and needles sensations]], [[post-exertional malaise]], [[dyspnea|shortness of breath]], [[:category:sleep disorders|sleep disorder]]s, [[heart palpitations|tachycardia/palpitations]], [[tinnitus|tinnitus and other hearing issues]] <br>Notes: *Children - separate criteria may be needed *Clusters - clusters of 2 or more related symptoms may occur together<ref name="WHO-longcovid-criteria" /> {{See also|World Health Organization Long COVID diagnostic criteria}} === Four different syndromes === A recent review suggested that long COVID may actually be four differing syndromes: * [[Post-COVID-19 illness#pics|Post-Intensive Care Syndrome]] * [[Postviral fatigue syndrome|Postviral Fatigue Syndrome]] (ME/CFS) * [[Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19|Long Term COVID Syndrome]] * Permanent organ damage Patients with long COVID may have several syndromes at once.<ref name="NIHR15Oct2020" />
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