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Jo Nijs
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== Unravelling the nature of post-exertional malaise == === Searching for a PEM-biomarker === In several studies, the Nijs research group investigated the nature of post-exertional malaise, often with funding of ME research UK (MERUK).<ref name="MER-pain">{{Cite web | url = https://www.meresearch.org.uk/research/pain-inhibition-2/ | title = Pain inhibition and post-exertional malaise in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: an experimental study | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = | website = ME Research UK|language=en-GB|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2022-04-03}}</ref> One of their studies looked at immune factors after exercise and found a relationship between the change in [[complement C4a]] split product levels and the increase in pain and fatigue. According the authors this suggested C4a has the potential to become a [[Diagnostic biomarker|biomarker]] for post-exertional malaise in ME/CFS.<ref name="Unravelling2010" /> In two other studies the Pain in Motion research group showed that heart rates of ME/CFS patients recovered more slowly after exercise compared to controls.<ref name="parasympathetic2015" /><ref name="Nijs, 2017" /> A 2018 study looked at cerebral blood flow and heart rate variability after exercise, but did not reveal meaningful results.<ref name="Malfliet2018" /> === With or without fibromyalgia=== In 2014, Nijs researched the recovery of muscle in function and its relationship to cognitive performance in ME/CFS. The most important finding was the difference between patients with and without comorbid [[fibromyalgia]]. In the former group, recovery of upper limb muscle function was found to be slower<ref name="UL2014" /> and a significant predictor of cognitive performance.<ref name="PM2014" />Β In a study comparing various ME/CFS criteria using objective measures,<ref name="Name2016" /> Nijs and colleagues found that neither the old ME-criteria, nor the [[Canadian Consensus Criteria]] selected patients were worse off than those who fulfilled the [[Fukuda criteria]]. Only the subgroup with comorbid fibromyalgia scored significantly worse on objective tests, as the recovery of their muscles was slower than in ME/CFS patients without FM.
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