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History of myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome
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== 19th century == Several descriptions of illness resembling those of chronic fatigue syndrome have been reported for at least two hundred years.<ref name="Lorusso2009">{{Cite journal | last = Lorusso | first = Lorenzo | authorlink = Lorenzo Lorusso | last2 = Mikhaylova | first2 = Svetlana V. | last3 = Capelli | first3 = Enrica | authorlink3 = Enrica Capelli | last4 = Ferrari | first4 = Daniela | last5 = Ngonga | first5 = Gaelle K. | last6 = Ricevuti | first6 = Giovanni | date = Feb 2009 | title = Immunological aspects of chronic fatigue syndrome | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18801465|journal=Autoimmunity Reviews|volume=8|issue=4 | pages = 287–291|doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2008.08.003|issn=1873-0183|pmid=18801465|via=}}</ref> In the 19th century, neurologist [[George Beard|George Miller Beard]] popularized the concept of [[neurasthenia]], with symptoms including [[fatigue]], [[anxiety]], [[headache]], impotence, [[neuralgia]] and [[depression]].<ref name="Beard1869">{{cite journal | last = Beard | first = George Miller | authorlink = George Miller Beard | date = 1869 | title = Neurasthenia, or nervous exhaustion|journal=The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal | pages = 217–221 | url = https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM186904290801301|volume=3|issue=18|quote=}}</ref> The concept of neurasthenia remained popular well into the middle of the 20th century, eventually coming to be seen as a behavioral or psychiatric fatigue condition rather than physical disease, with the diagnosis excluding cases of [[Postviral fatigue syndrome|Postviral Fatigue Syndrome]]. Neurasthenia has since largely been abandoned as a medical diagnosis.<ref name="Evengard1999">{{Cite journal | last = Evengård | first = B. | last2 = Schacterle | first2 = R.S. | last3 = Komaroff | first3 = A.L. | author-link3 = Anthony Komaroff | date = Nov 1999 | title = Chronic fatigue syndrome: new insights and old ignorance | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10583715|journal=Journal of Internal Medicine|volume=246|issue=5 | pages = 455–469|issn=0954-6820|pmid=10583715|via=|quote= | author-link = Birgitta Evengård}}</ref> In the 1990s, the [[ICD-10]] manual of the [[World Health Organization]] categorized neurasthenia under ''F48 Other neurotic disorders'', which specifically excluded [[chronic fatigue syndrome]],<ref name="Who Neurasthenia">{{Cite web | url=https://icd.who.int/browse10/2010/en#/V | title = ICD-10, Chapter V Mental and behavioural disorders (F00-F99) | date = 2007 | access-date= | last = World Health Organization | first = |website=WHO International|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status= | authorlink = World Health Organization}}</ref> and Postviral Fatigue Syndrome / Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome classed under "Diseases of the Nervous System".<ref name="ICD-10">{{Cite web | url=https://icd.who.int/browse10/2016/en#/G93 | title = G93 Other diseases of the nervous system - ICD-10 Version:2016 | last = World Health Organization | first = | authorlink = World Health Organization | date = 2016 | website=World Health Organization|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-04-13}}</ref>
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