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Cinnarizine
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==Pharmacodynamics== Cinnarizine has also known to have antiserotoninergic and antidopaminergic effects.<ref name="DrugBank" /><ref name="Kariya">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kariya S, Isozaki S, Masubuchi Y, Suzuki T, Narimatsu S | title = Possible pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors affecting parkinsonism inducement by cinnarizine and flunarizine | journal = Biochemical Pharmacology | volume = 50 | issue = 10 | pages = 1645–50 | date = November 1995 | pmid = 7503767 | doi = 10.1016/0006-2952(95)02057-8 }}</ref> Cinnarizine blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, meaning it acts against vomiting.<ref name="DrugBank" /> The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of cinnarizine for smooth muscle contraction inhibition is 60mM.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Silver PJ, Dachiw J, Ambrose JM, Pinto PB | title = Effects of the calcium antagonists perhexiline and cinnarizine on vascular and cardiac contractile protein function | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 234 | issue = 3 | pages = 629–35 | date = September 1985 | pmid = 3162016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = López MG, Moro MA, Castillo CF, Artalejo CR, García AG | title = Variable, voltage-dependent, blocking effects of nitrendipine, verapamil, diltiazem, cinnarizine and cadmium on adrenomedullary secretion | journal = British Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 96 | issue = 3 | pages = 725–31 | date = March 1989 | pmid = 2720300 | pmc = 1854390 | doi = 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1989.tb11874.x }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Action of cinnarizine !! Target of action |- | Calcium ion channel antagonist || [[T-type calcium channel]]s |- | Antihistaminic || [[H1 receptor]]s |- | Antiserotinergic || [[5-HT2 receptor|5-HT<sub>2</sub> receptor]]s<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pukhal'skaya TG, Kolosova OA, Men'shikov MY, Vein AM | title = Effects of calcium antagonists on serotonin-dependent aggregation and serotonin transport in platelets of patients with migraine | journal = Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine | volume = 130 | issue = 7 | pages = 633–5 | date = July 2000 | pmid = 11140571 | doi = 10.1007/BF02682090 }}</ref> |- | Antidopaminergic || [[D2 receptor]]s |}
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