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Tryptase
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[[Tryptase]] is an enzyme that is released, along with [[histamine]] and other chemicals, from [[Mast cell|mast cells]] when they are activated as part of a normal [[Immune system|immune]] response as well as in [[Allergy|allergic]] (hypersensitivity) responses. Serum tryptase is one of tests used to aid in the diagnosis of [[mast cell activation syndrome]],<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Akin | first = Cem | date = 2010 | title=Mast Cell Activation Syndrome: Proposed Diagnostic Criteria | url = |journal=J Allergy and Clinical Immuno|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref> anaphylaxis and mastocystosis. Tryptase released by mast cells may be involved in cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis.<ref>{{Cite journal | last =Wang | first = Qian | last2 = Lepus | first2=Christin M | last3 = Raghu | first3 = Harini | last4 = Reber | first4 = Laurent L| last5 = Tsai | first5 = Mindy M | last6 = Wong | first6 = Heidi H | last7 = von Kaeppler | first7 = Ericka | last8 = Lingampalli | first8 = Nithya | last9 = Bloom | first9 = Michelle S | date = 2019-05-14 | editor-last = Kurosaki | editor-first = Tomohiro|editor2-last=Taniguchi|editor2-first=Tadatsugu | title = IgE-mediated mast cell activation promotes inflammation and cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis|url=https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39905|journal=eLife|volume=8| pages = e39905|doi=10.7554/eLife.39905|issn=2050-084X}}</ref> Tryptase activates [[metalloproteinase]]-1 (MMP-1).<ref>{{Cite web | last =Naveed | first = Shamsa | last2 = Jackson | first2=David J. | last3 = Clements | first3=Debbie | last4 = Reynolds | first4=Catherine| last5 = Shaw | first5 = Dominick | last6 = Johnston | first6 = Sebastian L. | last7 = Johnson | first7 = Simon R. | date = 2016-05-01 | title = Mast Cell Tryptase Activates Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Causing Matrix Remodelling, Airway Smooth Muscle Growth and Airway Obstruction During Asthma Exacerbations|url=https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2016.193.1_MeetingAbstracts.A6174 | website = American Thoracic Society International Conference Abstracts|publisher=American Thoracic Society|pages=A6174–A6174|doi=10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2016.193.1_meetingabstracts.a6174}}</ref> A mouse model of viral myocarditis found elevated tryptase and MMPs.<ref>{{Cite journal | last =Matsumori | first = Akira | last2 = Sasayama | first2 = Shigetake | last3 = Kinoshita | first3=Makoto | last4 = Nakano | first4 = Atsushi| last5 = Ono | first5 = Koh | last6 = Yamaki | first6 = Akira | last7 = Yamamoto | first7 = Kanjo | last8 = Higuchi | first8 = Kazuhiro | last9 = Hara | first9 = Masatake | date = 2003 | title = Gene Expression of Cardiac Mast Cell Chymase and Tryptase in a Murine Model of Heart Failure Caused by Viral Myocarditis|url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/circj/67/10/67_10_881/_article/-char/ja/|journal=Circulation Journal|language=en|volume=67|issue=10 | pages = 881–884|doi=10.1253/circj.67.881|issn=1346-9843}}</ref> Other infections, including [[Q fever|Q fever,]]<ref>{{Cite journal | last =Mezouar | first = Soraya | last2 = Morel | first2 = Victor | last3=Leveille | first3 = Laury | last4 = Resseguier | first4 = Noémie| last5 = Chartier | first5 = Céline | last6 = Raoult | first6 = Didier | last7 = Mege | first7 = Jean-Louis | last8 = Vitte | first8 = Joana | date = 2019-06-01 | title = Progenitor mast cells and tryptase in Q fever |url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147957119300566|journal=Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases|volume=64|pages=159–162|doi=10.1016/j.cimid.2019.03.011|issn=0147-9571}}</ref> have been associated with elevated tryptase levels. A genetics study found increased copy numbers of the [[TPSAB1]] gene, which encodes alpha tryptase, in a group of families with [[dysautonomia]]/[[Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome|POTS]], [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome|Ehlers-Danlos Sydnrome]] and mast cell activation syndrome.<ref>{{Cite journal | last =Milner | first=Joshua D. | last2 = Schwartz | first2 = Lawrence B. | last3 = Biesecker | first3 = Leslie G. | last4 = Metcalfe | first4 = Dean D. | last5 = Heller | first5 = Theo | last6 = Caughey | first6 = George H. | last7 = Stone | first7 = Kelly D. | last8 = Hohman | first8 = Robert J. | last9 = Rothenberg | first9 = Marc E. | date = Dec 2016 | title = Elevated basal serum tryptase identifies a multisystem disorder associated with increased TPSAB1 copy number |url =https://www.nature.com/articles/ng.3696|journal=Nature Genetics|language=en|volume=48|issue=12|pages=1564–1569|doi=10.1038/ng.3696|issn=1546-1718|quote= | author-link = Joshua Milner | authorlink2 = Lawrence Schwartz|via=}}</ref> == See also == * [[Histamine]] * [[Mast cell]] * [[Mast cell activation syndrome]] == Learn more == *[http://mentalfloss.com/article/87506/one-gene-mutation-links-three-mysterious-debilitating-diseases One Gene Mutation Links Three Mysterious, Debilitating Diseases], ''Mental Floss.'' 2016. == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Biochemistry and cell biology]] [[Category:Enzymes]]
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