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List of herpesvirus infection studies
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==Epstein-Barr virus studies== Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is found in 95% of the adult population (usually in a latent state),<ref name="CDC-about">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/about-ebv.html | title = Epstein-barr {{!}} Mononucleosis {{!}} About Virus {{!}} Mono {{!}} CDC | date = 2019-01-28 | website = [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us|access-date=2020-08-19}}</ref> and is the most common cause of [[mononucleosis]]. {| class="wikitable alternance" ! scope="col" style="width: 10px;" | ! scope="col" style="width: 270px;" | Study Title ! scope="col" style="width: 32px;" | Date ! scope="col" style="Xwidth: 200px;" | Details |- |'''<big class="green">+</big>''' |'''Chronic fatigue syndrome: clinical condition associated with immune activation''' A L Landay, C Jessop, E T Lennette, J A Levy<ref>{{Cite journal|last = Landay|first = A.L. | last2 = Jessop | first2 = C. | last3 = Lennette | first3 = E.T. | last4 = Levy | first4 = J.A. | date = 1991-09-21 | title = Chronic fatigue syndrome: clinical condition associated with immune activation | url =https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1679864/|journal=Lancet (London, England)|volume=338|issue=8769 | pages = 707–712|doi=10.1016/0140-6736(91)91440-6|issn=0140-6736|pmid=1679864}}</ref> |1991 |This study found CFS patients had a significantly higher prevalence of antibodies to EBV-EA (Early Antigen) than did controls; 32 of 63 (51%) patients compared to 6 of 40 (15%) controls. |- |'''<big class="green">+</big>''' |'''Persistent virus infection of muscle in postviral fatigue syndrome''' L Cunningham, N E Bowles, L C Archard<ref>{{Cite journal|last = Cunningham|first = L. | last2 = Bowles | first2 = N.E. | last3 = Archard | first3 = L.C. | date = Oct 1991 | title = Persistent virus infection of muscle in postviral fatigue syndrome|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1665379/|journal=British Medical Bulletin|volume=47|issue=4 | pages = 852–871|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072516|issn=0007-1420|pmid=1665379}}</ref> |1991 |[[Postviral fatigue syndrome|Postviral Fatigue Syndrome]] (PVFS) patients suffering from chronic muscle fatiguability were studied to test their association with viral infection versus healthy controls. EBV DNA was found in muscle biopsies in 8 of 86 (9%) PVFS patients and in 0 of 36 (0%) controls. |- |'''<big class="green">+</big>''' |'''Simultaneous measurement of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and 14 enteroviruses in chronic fatigue syndrome: is there evidence of activation of a nonspecific polyclonal immune response?''' F A Manian<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Manian | first = F.A. | date = Sep 1994 | title = Simultaneous measurement of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and 14 enteroviruses in chronic fatigue syndrome: is there evidence of activation of a nonspecific polyclonal immune response?|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7811864/|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America|volume=19|issue=3 | pages = 448–453|doi=10.1093/clinids/19.3.448|issn=1058-4838|pmid=7811864}}</ref> |1994 |20 patients with CFS and 20 age- and gender-matched controls were compared to test for potential differences in viral antibody titers. EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgG was present at titers ≥ 1:320 in 11 of 20 (55%) CFS patients vs. 3 of 20 (15%) Controls. |- |'''<big class="red">−</big>''' |'''Viral serologies in patients with chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome''' [[Dedra Buchwald]], Rhoda L. Ashley, Tsilke Pearlman, Phalla Kith, and Anthony L. Komaroff<ref name="Buchwald1996b">{{Cite journal|last = Buchwald | first = D. | last2 = Ashley | first2 = R.L. | last3 = Pearlman | first3 = T. | last4 = Kith | first4 = P. | last5 = Komaroff | first5 = A.L. | date = Sep 1996 | title = Viral serologies in patients with chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8890037/|journal=Journal of Medical Virology|volume=50|issue=1|pages=25–30|doi=10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199609)50:13.0.CO;2-V|issn=0146-6615|pmid=8890037}}</ref> |1996 |Large study was performed on CFS patients and healthy control subjects to compare antibodies to various viruses. Epstein-Barr virus antibody results shown in table below. {| class="wikitable transparent" ! !VCA IgG >1:640 !VCA IgM Positive !Early Antigen (EA) Positive |- |CFS Patients |24 of 308 (8%) |2 of 310 (1%) |56 of 306 (18%) |- |Healthy Controls |1 of 30 (3%) |1 of 30 (3%) |7 of 30 (23%) |} |- |'''<big class="green">+</big>''' |'''Diagnostic evaluation of 2′, 5′-oligoadenylate synthetase activities and antibodies against Epstein–Barr virus and Coxiella burnetii in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome in Japan''' Kazufumi Ikuta, Takeshi Yamada, Tokio Shimomura, Hirohiko Kuratsune, Ryuzo Kawahara, Shiro Ikawa, Eiko Ohnishi, Yoshihiro Sokawa, Hideto Fukushi, Katsuya Hirai, Yasuyoshi Watanabe, Takeshi Kurata, Teruo Kitani, Takeshi Sairenji<ref>{{Cite journal|last = Ikuta | first = Kazufumi | last2 = Yamada | first2 = Takeshi | last3 = Shimomura | first3 = Tokio | last4 = Kuratsune | first4 = Hirohiko | last5 = Kawahara | first5 = Ryuzo | last6 = Ikawa | first6 = Shiro | last7 = Ohnishi | first7 = Eiko | last8 = Sokawa | first8 = Yoshihiro | last9 = Fukushi | first9 = Hideto | date = Oct 2003 | title = Diagnostic evaluation of 2′, 5′-oligoadenylate synthetase activities and antibodies against Epstein–Barr virus and Coxiella burnetii in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome in Japan | url =https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1286457903002193|journal=Microbes and Infection|language=en|volume=5|issue=12|pages=1096–1102|doi=10.1016/j.micinf.2003.07.002|issn=1286-4579}}</ref> |2003 |A total of 44 ME/CFS patients from two Japanese hospitals located in different areas of the country were tested for EBV Early Antigen (EA) antibodies, and were compared to healthy controls. EA IgG was found positive in 9 of 44 (20%) CFS patients and 0 of 9 (0%) controls. |- |'''<big class="green">+</big>''' |'''IgM serum antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus are uniquely present in a subset of patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome''' [[A Martin Lerner]], Safedin H Beqaj, Robert G Deeter, James T Fitzgerald<ref>{{Cite journal|last = Lerner | first = A. Martin | last2 = Beqaj | first2 = Safedin H. | last3 = Deeter | first3 = Robert G. | last4 = Fitzgerald | first4 = James T. | date = Mar 2004 | title = IgM serum antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus are uniquely present in a subset of patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15113035/|journal=In Vivo (Athens, Greece)|volume=18|issue=2|pages=101–106|issn=0258-851X|pmid=15113035}}</ref> |2004 |58 ME/CFS patients and 68 non-CFS matched controls were studied for possible active EBV infection through serum antibodies. VCA IgM was positive in 33 of 58 (57%) CFS patients and 5 of 68 (7%) controls. Early Antigen (EA) IgG was positive in 51 of 58 (88%) CFS patients and 24 of 68 (35%) controls. |- |'''<big class="green">+</big>''' |'''Chronic fatigue syndrome after infectious mononucleosis in adolescents''' [[Ben Katz|Ben Z Katz]], Yukiko Shiraishi, Cynthia J Mears, Helen J Binns, Renee Taylor <ref>{{Cite journal | last = Katz|first = Ben Z. | last2 = Shiraishi | first2 = Yukiko | last3 = Mears | first3 = Cynthia J. | last4 = Binns | first4 = Helen J. | last5 = Taylor | first5 = Renee | authorlink5 = Renee Taylor | date = Jul 2009 | title = Chronic fatigue syndrome after infectious mononucleosis in adolescents|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19564299/|journal=Pediatrics|volume=124|issue=1|pages=189–193|doi=10.1542/peds.2008-1879|issn=1098-4275|pmc=2756827|pmid=19564299}}</ref> | 2009 | This study of 301 adolescents with infectious mononucleosis found that at 6, 12, and 24 months after mononucleosis, 13%, 7%, and 4% of these adolescents respectively met the criteria for ME/CFS. |- |'''<big class="red">−</big>''' |'''Detection of herpesviruses and parvovirus B19 in gastric and intestinal mucosa of chronic fatigue syndrome patients''' Marc Frémont, Kristine Metzger, Hamada Rady, Jan Hulstaert, Kenny De Meirleir<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Frémont | first = Marc | last2 = Metzger | first2 = Kristine | last3 = Rady | first3 = Hamada | last4 = Hulstaert | first4 = Jan | last5 = De Meirleir | first5 = Kenny | date = Mar 2009 | title = Detection of herpesviruses and parvovirus B19 in gastric and intestinal mucosa of chronic fatigue syndrome patients|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19414405/|journal=In Vivo (Athens, Greece)|volume=23|issue=2|pages=209–213|issn=0258-851X|pmid=19414405}}</ref> |2009 |Stomach and duodenum biopsies using DNA PCR found only a slight increase in CFS patients that were positive for EBV compared to controls. {| class="wikitable" ! !CFS Patients !Healthy Controls |- |DNA Stomach Biopsy |10 of 48 (21%) |6 of 35 (17%) |- |DNA Duodenum Biopsy |15 of 48 (31%) |5 of 35 (15%) |} |- |'''<big class="green">+</big>''' |'''Antibody to Epstein-Barr virus deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase and deoxyribonucleotide polymerase in a chronic fatigue syndrome subset''' A Martin Lerner, Maria E Ariza, Marshall Williams, Leonard Jason, Safedin Beqaj, James T Fitzgerald, Stanley Lemeshow, Ronald Glaser <ref>{{Cite journal|last = Lerner | first = A. Martin | last2 = Ariza | first2 = Maria E. | last3 = Williams | first3 = Marshall | last4 = Jason | first4 = Leonard | last5 = Beqaj | first5 = Safedin | last6 = Fitzgerald | first6 = James T. | last7 = Lemeshow | first7 = Stanley | last8 = Glaser | first8 = Ronald| date = 2012 | title = Antibody to Epstein-Barr virus deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase and deoxyribonucleotide polymerase in a chronic fatigue syndrome subset|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23155374/|journal=PloS One|volume=7|issue=11| pages = e47891|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0047891|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3498272|pmid=23155374}}</ref> |2012 |This study of 20 ME/CFS patients and 20 healthy controls found 94% of patients were positive for EBV early antigen diffuse, versus 32% of the healthy controls; 44% of patients were positive for EBV dUTPase, versus 0% of the controls; 79% of patients were positive for EBV DNA polymerase, versus 0% of the controls. |- |'''<big class="red">−</big>''' |'''Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Gulf War Illness patients exhibit increased humoral responses to the Herpesviruses-encoded dUTPase: Implications in disease pathophysiology''' Peter Halpin, Marshall Vance Williams, Nancy G. Klimas, Mary Ann Fletcher, Zachary Barnes, Maria Eugenia Ariza<ref name=":5" /> |2017 |Antibodies against multiple human herpesviruses-encoded dUTPases were shown as being simultaneously produced in (30.91–52.7%) ME/CFS patients and (17.21%) of controls. EBV dUTPase antibodies were present in 16 of 55 (29%) CFS patients and 39 of 151 (26%) controls. |- |'''<big class="green">+</big>''' |'''Cytomegalovirus, Epstein‐Barr virus, and human herpesvirus‐6 infections in patients with myalgic еncephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome''' [[Evelina Shikova]], Valentina Reshkova, Аntoniya Kumanova, Sevdalina Raleva, Dora Alexandrova, Natasa Capo, Modra Murovska<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last = Shikova | first = Evelina | last2 = Reshkova | first2 = Valentina | last3 = Kumanova | first3 = Аntoniya | last4 = Raleva | first4 = Sevdalina | last5 = Alexandrova | first5 = Dora | last6 = Capo | first6 = Natasa | last7 = Murovska | first7 = Modra | title = Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpesvirus-6 infections in patients with myalgic еncephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jmv.25744|journal=Journal of Medical Virology|language=en|volume=n/a|issue=n/a|doi=10.1002/jmv.25744|issn=1096-9071}}</ref> | 2020 | Study of 58 Bulgarian ME/CFS patients and 50 healthy controls found EBV DNA in the plasma of 14 of 58 (24%) patients vs. 2 of 50 (4%) controls. |}
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