HPV vaccine: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 04:38, May 11, 2020
HPV vaccines have been developed to protect again human papillomavirus infection. HPV refers to a very large group of viruses, and some of these, including HPV 16 and HPV 18, cause cervical cancer or other serious illness.[1] The recent use of different HPV vaccines has led to a number of studies looking at HPV vaccine safety, including whether any of the HPV vaccines may increase the risk of developing ME/CFS.[1]
Types[edit | edit source]
A number of different vaccines are in use, with bivalent vaccines protecting against two types of HPV, and quadrivalent vaccines protecting against four types of HPV:
- Bivalent: Ceravix which protects against HPV 16 and HPV 18 only, and contains aluminum hydroxide and monophosphoryl lipid[2]
- Quadrivalent: Gardasil which protects against HPV 6 and 11, plus HPV 16 and 18, and contains amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate sulfate. This is the vaccine currently used in the UK.[3][4]
- Nonavalent: Gardasil-9, which protects against 9 types of HPV: HPV 6 and 11, HPV 16 and 18, plus HPV 31, HPV 33, HPV 45, HPV 52, and HPV 58, and contains a larger amount of aluminum hydroxyphosphate sulfate and more than twice as many virus-like particles than the quadrivalent vaccine.[5][6] Gardasil-9 was approved for use in the United States in 2014.[6]
ME/CFS[edit | edit source]
Feiring et al. (2007) conducted a national study in Norway covering 6 birth cohorts, and found that CFS/ME was not associated with HPV vaccination in girls, but medical history was associated with a higher number of girls developing CFS/ME within 2 years of HPV vaccine, and lower uptake of HPV vaccination.[5] They commented that ages 10-19 and 30-39 had the highest incidence of CFS/ME.
Notable studies[edit | edit source]
- 2007, HPV vaccination and risk of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a nationwide register-based study from Norway[7] - (Full text) - quadrivalent vaccine
- 2013, Bivalent human papillomavirus vaccine and the risk of fatigue syndromes in girls in the UK[8] - (Full text) - bivalent vaccine
- 2014, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia With Chronic Fatigue After HPV Vaccination as Part of the “Autoimmune/Auto-inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants”: Case Report and Literature Review[9] - (Full text)
- 2015, Is Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis a Relevant Diagnosis in Patients with Suspected Side Effects to Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine?[10] - (Full text) - quadrivalent vaccine
- 2018, Autonomic dysfunction and HPV immunization: an overview[5] - (Full text) - all types of vaccine
See also[edit | edit source]
Learn more[edit | edit source]
- HPV vaccine overview - NHS
- Human Papillomavirus Virus - National Cancer Institute
- STD Facts - Human papillomavirus (HPV) - Centers for Disease Control
- HPV/genital warts - Webmd
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Information About the Human Papillomavirus (HPV)". WebMD. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
- ↑ National Cancer Institute (October 8, 2019). "Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines". www.cancer.gov. Retrieved May 10, 2020. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
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(help) - ↑ National Health Service (July 31, 2019). "HPV vaccine overview". nhs.uk. Retrieved May 10, 2020. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
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(help) - ↑ Electronic Medicines Compendium (May 7, 2019). "Gardasil suspension for injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc)". emc-prod-wa.azurewebsites.net. Retrieved May 10, 2020. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
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(help) - ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Blitshteyn, Svetlana; Brinth, Louise; Hendrickson, Jeanne E.; Martinez-Lavin, Manuel (December 2018). "Autonomic dysfunction and HPV immunization: an overview". Immunologic Research. 66 (6): 744–754. doi:10.1007/s12026-018-9036-1. ISSN 1559-0755. PMID 30478703.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Centers for Disease Control. "Use of 9-Valent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine: Updated HPV Vaccination Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved May 10, 2020. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
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(help) - ↑ Feiring, Berit; Laake, Ida; Bakken, Inger Johanne; Greve-Isdahl, Margrethe; Wyller, Vegard Bruun; Håberg, Siri E.; Magnus, Per; Trogstad, Lill (July 24, 2017). "HPV vaccination and risk of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: A nationwide register-based study from Norway". Vaccine. 35 (33): 4203–4212. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.06.031. ISSN 0264-410X.
- ↑ Donegan, Katherine; Beau-Lejdstrom, Raphaelle; King, Bridget; Seabroke, Suzie; Thomson, Andrew; Bryan, Philip (October 9, 2013). "Bivalent human papillomavirus vaccine and the risk of fatigue syndromes in girls in the UK". Vaccine. 31 (43): 4961–4967. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.08.024. ISSN 0264-410X.
- ↑ Tomljenovic, Lucija; Colafrancesco, Serena; Perricone, Carlo; Shoenfeld, Yehuda (January 1, 2014). "Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia With Chronic Fatigue After HPV Vaccination as Part of the "Autoimmune/Auto-inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants": Case Report and Literature Review". Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports. 2 (1): 2324709614527812. doi:10.1177/2324709614527812. ISSN 2324-7096. PMC 4528866. PMID 26425598.
- ↑ Brinth, Louise; Pors, Kirsten; Hoppe, Anna AG; Badreldin, Iman; Mehlsen, Jesper (June 15, 2015). "Is Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis a Relevant Diagnosis in Patients with Suspected Side Effects to Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine?" (PDF). International Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination. 1 (1): 00003. doi:10.15406/ijvv.2015.01.00003. ISSN 2470-9980.