Anonymous
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Search
Editing
Bitter fennel
From MEpedia, a crowd-sourced encyclopedia of ME and CFS science and history
Namespaces
Page
Discussion
More
More
Page actions
Read
Edit
Edit source
History
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
{{stub}} '''Bitter fennel''' or bitter fennel fruit.<ref name=list-entry>{{Cite web |url= https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-community-herbal-monograph-foeniculum-vulgare-miller-subsp-vulgare-var-vulgare-aetheroleum_en.pdf | title=Community Herbal Monograph on Foeniculum vulgare miller subsp. vulgare, aetheroleum | date = 2007-07-05 | access-date = 2020-07-30}}</ref><ref name="npc">{{Cite web | url = https://www.drugs.com/npc/fennel.html | title = Fennel Uses, Benefits & Side Effects - Drugs.com Herbal Database | website = Drugs.com|language=en | access-date = 2020-07-30}}</ref><ref name="npp">{{Cite web | url = https://www.drugs.com/npp/fennel.html | title = Fennel Uses, Benefits & Dosage - Drugs.com Herbal Database | website = Drugs.com|language=en | access-date = 2020-07-30}}</ref><ref name=list>{{Cite web | url = https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02008D0911-20180126 | title = COMMISSION DECISION of 26 January 2018 establishing of a list of herbal substances, preparations and combinations thereof for use in traditional herbal medicinal products (notified under document number C(2008) 6933) (Text with EEA relevance) (2008/911/EC) (OJ L 328 6.12.2008, p. 42) | last = Committee for Herbal Medicinal Products | first = | author-link = | date = 2018-01-26 | website = eur-lex.europa.eu|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date= | access-date = 2020-07-30}}</ref> ==Alternative names== * Foeniculi amari fructus<ref name=list-entry /><ref name=npp /> ==Theory== ==Evidence== The European Union's Committee on Herbal Medicine recognizes sweet fennl's use for: * mild, bloating, flatulence and mild spasmodic [[gastrointestinal]] symptoms * minor spasms associated with [[menstrual period]]s * helping cough up mucus when a cough is associated with a cold<ref name="list" /><ref name="npp" /><ref name="list-entry" /> ==Clinicians== ==Risks and side effects== *allergic reactions The European Union Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products states to avoid using it if hypersensitive or allergic to the active substance, any of the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family (aniseed, caraway, celery, coriander and dill), or to anethole.<ref name=list-entry /> Can cause allergic reactions affecting the skin and breathing.<ref name=list /> *hormonal effects The EU Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products states that bitter fennel causes oestrogenic activity, and that "excessive doses of fennel oil" may interfere with prescription medication including hormone therapy, oral contraceptive pills, and [[hormone replacement therapy]]..<ref name=list-entry /> *possible harmful effects Studies on nice have shown a link to liver cancer, and other effects.<ref name=list-entry /> ==Costs and availability== ==Learn more== *[https://www.drugs.com/npc/fennel.html drugs.com - natural products (consumer)] *[https://www.drugs.com/npp/fennel.html drugs.com - natural products (professional)] *[https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-community-herbal-monograph-foeniculum-vulgare-miller-subsp-vulgare-var-vulgare-aetheroleum_en.pdf Foeniculum vulgare aetheroleum (bitter fennel)] - Committee on Herbal Medicine Products *[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02008D0911-20180126 Community list entry on foeniculum vulgare miller subsp. vulgare var. '''vulgare''', fructus (B, part A)] ==See also== *[[Sweet fennel]] *[[List of approved herbal medicines by the EU Committee for Herbal Medicinal Products]] * [[:Category:Herbs|Herbs]] (category) ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Herbs]] [[Category:Supplements]] [[Category:Medicinal foods]] [[Category:Traditional Chinese medicine]] [[Category:Potential treatments]] [[Category:Muscle relaxants]]
Summary:
Please make sure your edits are consistent with
MEpedia's guidelines
.
By saving changes, you agree to the
Terms of use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 3.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)
Templates used on this page:
Template:Asbox
(
edit
)
Template:Cite web
(
edit
)
Template:Full stop
(
edit
)
Template:Full stop character
(
edit
)
Template:GetFallback
(
edit
)
Template:Help improve text
(
edit
)
Template:LangSwitch
(
edit
)
Template:Main other
(
edit
)
Template:No fullstop
(
edit
)
Template:No fullstop/first
(
edit
)
Template:Reflist
(
edit
)
Template:Str endswith
(
edit
)
Template:Stub
(
view source
) (semi-protected)
Template:Stub text
(
edit
)
Template:Uselang
(
edit
)
Module:Arguments
(
edit
)
Module:Asbox
(
edit
)
Module:Buffer
(
edit
)
Module:Check for unknown parameters
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist
(
edit
)
Module:Navbar
(
edit
)
Module:No globals
(
edit
)
Module:String
(
edit
)
This page is a member of 2 hidden categories:
Category:All stub articles
Category:Stub pages last edited in 2023
Navigation
Navigation
Skip to content
Main page
Browse
Become an editor
Random page
Popular pages
Abbreviations
Glossary
About MEpedia
Links for editors
Contents
Guidelines
Recent changes
Pages in need
Search
Help
Wiki tools
Wiki tools
Special pages
Page tools
Page tools
User page tools
More
What links here
Related changes
Page information
Page logs