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Pseudoscience
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'''Pseudoscience''' has been defined as "[t]heories, ideas, explanations that are represented as scientific but that are not derived from science or the scientific method."<ref name="definition">{{Cite book | title = The Facts on File Dictionary of Forensic Science|isbn=978-1-4381-0944-2|language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x0kmY7Bj1zYC&lpg=PA208&dq=&pg=PA208#v=onepage&f=true | date = 2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing | last = Bell | first = Suzanne|pages=208|edition=|volume=|title-link=|access-date= | author-link = |veditors=|others=|doi=|oclc=|quote=|archive-url=|archive-date=|location= | editor-last = | editor-first = |editor1-link=|editor-last2=|editor-first2 = }}</ref> ==Examples == Typical examples of pseudoscience are: * Astrology: ::The belief that the positions of stars and planets can be used to predict human affairs and events on Earth<ref name="astrology">{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/astrology| title = Definition of ASTROLOGY | last = | first = | author-link =| date = |website=Merrian-Webster dictionary|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2021-11-20}}</ref> *[[Neurolinguistic programming]] (NLP) :: * Numerology: ::The study of numbers connected to a person, such as the numbers that form their date of birth or numbers derived from the letters of their name, have an important influence on the person's life and their future.<ref name="eg">{{Cite book | title = Dictionary of Psychology|isbn=978-81-7764-030-4|language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sXgbdsaGDKYC&pg=PA28&lpg=PA28&hl=en#v=onepage&q=pseudoscience&f=false | date = 2000|publisher=Allied Publishers | last = Basavanna | first = M.}}</ref> ==Origins== Pseudoscientific theories often have origins in folk lore or "ancient" wisdom, or in selective reading without any data collection or validation to establish whether a theory is accurate.<ref name="definition" /> Pseudoscience often uses statements that are "vague and variable", and unlike scientific statements they are not given in a way that allows them to be falsifiable (meaning, there is no clear observation or experiment that could be used to ''disprove'' it).<ref name="definition" /> ==Contradictory evidence == Pseudoscience provides no room for challenge typically dismisses any contradictory evidence - rather than either investigating it, considering alternative theories, or adapting the original theory.<ref name="definition" /> While pseudoscience often uses scientific terms it is not based on a clear foundation of existing scientific knowledge. Pseudoscience often involves falsely presenting "a claim, belief, or opinion" as if is falsely presented as a valid scientific theory or fact.<ref name="definition" /> ==Mind-body therapies== {{See also|Brain training}} ==See also == *[[Brain training]] *[[Research terminology]] *[[Neurolinguistic programming]] (NLP) *[[Lightning Process]] ==References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mind body treatments]] [[Category:Research terminology]]
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