Editing Severe acute respiratory syndrome

'''Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome''' or '''SARS''' is a respiratory [[viral infection]] caused by the highly Infectious [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus|SARS-CoV]] coronavirus.<ref name="Warnes2015" /><ref name="Hui2010">{{Cite journal | last = Hui | first = David S.C. | author-link = | last2 = Chan | first2 = Paul K.S. | authorlink2 =  | date = Sep 2010 | title = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Coronavirus|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7127710/|journal=Infectious Disease Clinics of North America|volume=24|issue=3 | pages = 619–638|doi=10.1016/j.idc.2010.04.009|issn=0891-5520|pmc=7127710|pmid=20674795|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref><ref name="Xiao2017" /> It is a potentially deadly illness that quickly spread around the world in 2003, infecting around 8,000 people, with 9.6% of those infected dying.<ref name="Warnes2015">{{Cite journal | last = Warnes | first = Sarah L. | last2 = Little | first2 = Zoë R. | last3 = Keevil | first3 = C. William | date = 2015-11-10 | title = Human Coronavirus 229E Remains Infectious on Common Touch Surface Materials|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4659470/|journal=mBio|volume=6|issue=6|doi=10.1128/mBio.01697-15|issn=2150-7511|pmc=4659470|pmid=26556276}}</ref> SARS causes [[flu-like symptoms]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.webmd.com/lung/lung-what-is-sars | title = SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment|website=WebMD|language=en|access-date=2020-03-28}}</ref>

== Symptoms ==
Symptoms are similar to the flu.<ref name=":0" />
* A [[fever]] over 100.4 F (38 C)
* [[Chill]]s
* [[Myalgia|Muscle aches]]<ref name=":0" />
About 1 in 5 people with SARS may also get diarrhea.<ref name=":0" />

'''Symptoms Can Worsen Fast'''

A dry cough can develop 2 to 7 days into the illness. This cough can keep the body from getting enough oxygen. 1 in 10 people with SARS will need a machine to help them breathe.<ref name=":0" /> 

'''Can Lead to Other Health Problems''' 
* pneumonia
* heart failure
* liver failure<ref name=":0" />
People who are over age 60 and have chronic illness like [[diabetes]] or [[hepatitis]] are most likely to have these problems.<ref name=":0" />

==Methods of transmission==
[[File:Coronavirus_transmission_SARS.png|left|thumb|border|upright=1.3|'''The coronavirus that causes SARS can be transmitted by droplets containing the virus during close contact, from touching surfaces containing droplets, or from respiratory droplets in the air.'''<ref name="Xiao2017">{{Cite journal | last = Xiao | first = Shenglan | last2 = Li | first2 = Yuguo | last3 = Wong | first3 = Tze-wai | last4 = Hui | first4 = David S.C. | date = 2017-07-20 | title = Role of fomites in SARS transmission during the largest hospital outbreak in Hong Kong | url =https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0181558|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=12|issue=7| pages = e0181558|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0181558|issn=1932-6203|pmc =  5519164|pmid=28727803}}</ref><br />Source: Xiao et al. 2017. [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0181558 PLoS ONE 12(7): e0181558.]]]
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==<span id="post-SARS">Post-SARS syndrome</span>==
The name '''post-SARS syndrome''' or '''Chronic post-SARS''' was proposed by Moldofsky et al. (2011) to describe those survivors of the 2003 SARS outbreak who remained too ill to work 8 years later.<ref name="Moldofsky2011"/> Moldofsky's described post-SARS syndrome as similar to [[fibromyalgia]] and [[chronic fatigue syndrome]], better known as ME/CFS.<ref name="Moldofsky2011" /> Post-SARS syndrome was described as chronic (lasting over 6 months), with [[chronic fatigue|persistent fatigue]], widespread [[myalgia|muscle pain]], weakness, [[depression]], and [[unrefreshing sleep]] with [[sleep apnea|sleep apneas/hypopneas]], sleep EEG abnormalities, post-sleep fatigue and post sleep sleepiness. An earlier study found that 27% of hospitalized SARS survivors in [[Hong Kong]] met the criteria for ME/CFS six years later, with the illness appearing immediately after patients contacted SARS.<ref name="Lam2009" />
{{See also|1=Postviral fatigue syndrome|2=Postviral fatigue syndrome|3=Long COVID|4=Long COVID|5=Fibromyalgia|6=Fibromyalgia}}

==ME/CFS==
Lam et al. (2009) conducted a large long-term follow up of people needing hospital treatment for SARS in [[Hong Kong]], and found that 40% reported [[chronic fatigue]], and 27% of them and met the CDC's criteria for [[chronic fatigue syndrome]], sometimes called ME/CFS, one year after recovery from SARS.<ref name="Lam2009" /> This study found that the use of [[corticosteroid]]s (steroids) in treating SARS was not associated with an increased likelihood of chronic fatigue, and the high rates of [[mental illness|psychiatric problems]] did not explain high rates of chronic fatigue.<ref name="Lam2009" />  
 
Moldofsky et al. (2011) assessed 21 survivors of SARS from Toronto, [[Canada]], who remained too ill to return to work, stating that ''chronic post-SARS'' was similar to [[fibromyalgia]].<ref name="Moldofsky2011" />
{{See also|1=myalgic encephalomyelitis|2=Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)|3=chronic fatigue syndrome|4=Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)}}

==Notable studies==
*2011, Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, depression and disordered sleep in chronic post-SARS syndrome; a case-controlled study<ref name="Moldofsky2011">{{Cite journal | last = Moldofsky | first = Harvey | last2 = Patcai | first2 = John | date = 2011-03-24 | title = Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, depression and disordered sleep in chronic post-SARS syndrome; a case-controlled study|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-11-37|journal=BMC Neurology|volume=11|issue=1|pages=37|doi=10.1186/1471-2377-11-37|issn=1471-2377|pmc =  3071317|pmid=21435231}}</ref> - [https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2377-11-37 (Full text)]
*2010, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Coronavirus - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7127710/ (Full text)]
*2004, Pulmonary function and exercise capacity in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome [https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/24/3/436.full.pdf (Full text)]
*2009, Mental Morbidities and Chronic Fatigue in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Survivors: Long-term Follow-up<ref name="Lam2009">{{Cite journal | last = Lam | first = Marco Ho-Bun | last2 = Wing | first2 = Yun-Kwok | last3 = Yu | first3 = Mandy Wai-Man | last4 = Leung | first4 = Chi-Ming| last5 = Ma | first5 = Ronald C.W. | last6 = Kong | first6 = Alice P.S. | last7 = So | first7 = W.Y. |  last8 = Fong | first8 = Samson Yat-Yuk | last9 = Lam | first9 = Siu-Ping | date = 2009-12-14 | title = Mental Morbidities and Chronic Fatigue in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Survivors: Long-term Follow-up | url =https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/415378|journal=Archives of Internal Medicine|language=en|volume=169|issue=22|pages=2142–2147|doi=10.1001/archinternmed.2009.384|issn=0003-9926}}</ref> - [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/415378 (Full text)]
*2003, Consensus document on the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/70863/WHO_CDS_CSR_GAR_2003.11_eng.pdf | title = Consensus document on the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). No. WHO/CDS/CSR/GAR/2003.11. | last=World Health Organization | first= | author-link=World Health Organization | date = 2003 | website = World Health Organization|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=}}</ref> - [https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/70863/WHO_CDS_CSR_GAR_2003.11_eng.pdf (Full text)]

==Learn more==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=16&v=lkU1_Hce6WM&feature=emb_title SARS: The Outbreak (2003)] YouTube

==See also==
*[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus]]
*[[2003 Hong Kong outbreak]]
*[[COVID-19]] (Coronavirus disease 19)
*[[Postviral fatigue syndrome]]
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]
*[[Fibromyalgia]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
[[Category:Triggers and risk factors]]