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Wichita Clinical Study
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==Assessment== Testing included: *Demographics *[[Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20]] ([[MFI]])<ref>Smets EM, Garssen Bj, Bonke B, De Haes JC. The multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI) psychometric qualities of an instrument to assess fatigue. J Psychosom Res 1995; 39: 315-325.</ref> *36-item Short-Form Health Survey ([[SF-36]])<ref>Ware JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 1992;30: 473-483.</ref> *[[CDC 2005 Symptom Inventory for CFS]] *Physical Examination including a 30-minute recumbent blood pressure and heart rate, and 5-minute standing blood pressure and heart rate. *Laboratory Tests including a complete blood count with differential, [[c-reactive protein]], alanine aminotransferase, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, asparatate aminotransferase, serum glutamic aminotransferase, total bilirubin, [[calcium]], carbon dioxide, chloride, [[creatinine]], glucose, [[potassium]], total protein, [[sodium]], blood urea nitrogen, and urinalysis. *Gynecological History *Medication Usage, including current prescribed and over-the-counter medications and dietary supplements *Tobacco Questionnaire - smoking status and the use of tobacco products *Endocrine and [[cortisol]] levels *Catecholamines - Plasma basal catecholamine, metanephrine, normetanephrine and neuropeptide; and morning plasma rennin and serum aldosterone *[[Cytokine]] levels - [[interleukin 6|IL-6]] (interleukin 6), [[TNF-alpha]] (tumor necrosis factor), and [[interleukin 1|IL-1]] beta *Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB)<ref>Robbins TW, Sahakian BJ. Computer methods of assessment of cognitive function. In Principles and Practice of Geriatric Psychiatry, Copeland JRM, Abou-Saleh MT, Blazers DG (eds), John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, 1994, pp 205-209.</ref> *Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Revised (WAIS-R)<ref>Reynolds CR, Wilson VI, Clark PL. A four-test shot form of the WAIS-R for clinical screening. Clin Neuropsychol 1983; 3: 111-116 </ref> *Reading Subtest of Wide-Range Achievement Test (WRAT3)<ref>Wilkinson GS. The Wide Range Achievement Test: Manual. 3rd ed. Wilmington, DE: Wide Range; 1993</ref> *Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)<ref>Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime [[sleepiness]]: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep 1991; 50-55</ref> *Nap Questionnaire- collected information related to four 20-minute naps that were part of the study *Sleep Questionnaire - pre-sleep questionnaire and post-sleep questionnaire, which collected information regarding subjects’ first and second overnight sleep study. *Polysomnographic and Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) [http://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2377-6-41 Published Results, 2006]<ref name="Reeves,2006" /> *Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS)<ref>Zung WWK. A self-rating depression scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1965; 12: 371-379.</ref> *Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS)<ref>JR, Book SW, Colket JT, et al. Assessment of a new self-rating scale for post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychology Medicine 1997; 27: 153-160.</ref> *General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30)<ref>Goldberg D, Williams P. A user’s guide to the general health questionnaire. Windsor: NFER-Nelson, 1988</ref> *Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)<ref>Bernstein DP, Fink L, Handelsman L, Lovejoy M, Wenzel K, Sapareto E, Gurriero J. Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151: 1132-1136.</ref> *Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire (TLEQ)<ref>Kubany ES, Haynes SN, Leisen MB, et al. Development and preliminary validation of a brief broad-spectrum measure of trauma exposure: The Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire. Psychol Assess 2000; 12: 210-224.</ref> *Life Experiences Survey (LES)<ref>Sarason IG, Johnson JH, Siegel JM. Assessing the impact of life changes: development of the Life Experiences Survey. J Consult Clin Psychol 1978; 46: 932-946</ref> *Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)<ref>Cohen S, Kamarck T, Memslstein R: A global measure of perceived [[stress]]. J Health Soc Beh 1983; 24:385-396.</ref> *Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ)<ref>Folkman S., Fazarus RS. If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1985;48:150-170 </ref> *Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)<ref>Spielberger CD. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press 1983.</ref> *Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)- selected polymorphisms in a small set of genes representing immune and central nervous system functions, particularly [[Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis]] (HPA) to identify genetic variants associated with CFS or quantitative measures of major domains of CFS. *Gene Expression - Subjects’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed to examine global [[gene expression]].
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