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Fucosyltransferase 2 enzyme
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'''Fucosyltransferase 2 enzyme''' (FUT2) is an enzyme that adds [[fucose]] to [[N-glycan]]s. Fucose N-glycans protect against intestinal [[dysbiosis]] and [[sepsis]].<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3412418/ Fucosyltransferase 2 non-secretor and low secretor status predicts severe outcomes in premature infants]</ref> 20-30% of humans carry nonsense mutations of FUT2 and are "non-secretors."<ref>[http://evolutionmedicine.com/2013/02/16/fucose-is-not-a-dirty-word/ Fucose is not a dirty word], Evolutionary medicine</ref> ==Microbiome== Genetic non-secretors of FUT2 and those who have reduced fucose N-glycans have reduced diversity, richness, and abundance of [[bifidobacteria]]<ref>[http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0020113 Secretor Genotype (FUT2 gene) Is Strongly Associated with the Composition of Bifidobacteria in the Human Intestine]</ref>, a commensal bacterium. ==Disease risk== Non-secretors may have an increased risk of [[Crohn's disease]]<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20570966 Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) non-secretor status is associated with Crohn's disease.] Hum Mol Genet. 2010 Sep 1;19(17):3468-76. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddq248. Epub 2010 Jun 22.</ref> and [[diabetes#Type_1|type 1 diabetes]],<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22025780 FUT2 nonsecretor status links type 1 diabetes susceptibility and resistance to infection], Diabetes. 2011 Nov;60(11):3081-4. doi: 10.2337/db11-0638.</ref> but a decreased risk of [[norovirus]]<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2680586/ The G428A Nonsense Mutation in FUT2 Provides Strong but Not Absolute Protection against Symptomatic GII.4 Norovirus Infection] PLoS ONE. 2009; 4(5): e5593. Published online 2009 May 18. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005593</ref> and [[helicobacter pylori]]<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19706747 Fut2-null mice display an altered glycosylation profile and impaired BabA-mediated Helicobacter pylori adhesion to gastric mucosa], Glycobiology. 2009 Dec;19(12):1525-36. doi: 10.1093/glycob/cwp131. Epub 2009 Aug 25.</ref> infection. ==Learn more== *[https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/2524.html FUT2], Wiki genes *[https://www.23andme.com/you/journal/norwalkvirus/overview/ 23andme - FUT2 gene- Norovirus Resistance] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Genes]] [[Category:Enzymes]]
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