Anonymous
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Search
Editing
Energy Envelope Theory
(section)
From MEpedia, a crowd-sourced encyclopedia of ME and CFS science and history
Namespaces
Page
Discussion
More
More
Page actions
Read
Edit
Edit source
History
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
== Scientific evidence == Several in-depth case studies support the Energy Envelope theory.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> In a 2000 study, 3 patients were given a buddy to teach them how to stay within the envelope and how to cope with the illness. This helped reduce fatigue severity over time.<ref name=":5" /> A similar study assessing the combination of a mentor/buddy program and the envelope theory involved 30 ME/CFS patients who were randomly assigned to the intervention or a control condition. The intervention was effective in reducing fatigue and increasing vitality, but there were no effects on physical functioning and stress.<ref name=":3" /> In 2004 the envelope theory was part of a broad multidisciplinary program that also included cognitive coping skills and advice on economic self-sufficiency.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Taylor | first = Renée R. | date = Jan 2004 | title = Quality of life and symptom severity for individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome: findings from a randomized clinical trial| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14763634|journal=The American Journal of Occupational Therapy: Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association|volume=58|issue=1 | pages = 35–43|issn=0272-9490|pmid=14763634}}</ref> 47 patients were randomly assigned to either the program or a waiting list. Results indicated that overall quality of life had significant improved in the treatment group, a remarkable finding, since trials on [[cognitive behavioral therapy]] or graded exercise therapy, often fail to improve quality of life in ME/CFS patients.<ref>{{Cite book | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK379582/ | title = July 2016 Addendum | last = Smith | first = M. E. Beth | last2 = Nelson | first2 = HeidiD. | last3 = Haney | first3 = Elizabeth | last4 = Pappas | first4 = Miranda | last5 = Daeges | first5 = Monica | last6 = Wasson | first6 = Ngoc | last7 = McDonagh | first7 = Marian | date = Dec 2014| publisher = Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US)|language=en}}</ref> In 2008 Jason et al. assessed the envelope theory in a large sample of 114 ME/CFS patients. Energy quotients were measured by dividing patients estimated energy expenditure by the energy level they perceived to have, and multiplying this by 100. Findings were in line with the envelope theory as the energy quotient was correlated to numerous indicators of functioning, such as depression, fatigue, quality of life and disability.<ref name=":1" /> 81 of the 114 ME/CFS patients were assessed at a one year-follow up. Those who that had stayed within the energy envelope had had significant improvement in physical functioning and fatigue.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Jason | first = Leonard | last2 = Benton | first2 = Mary | date = Nov 2009 | title = The Impact of Energy Modulation on Physical Functioning and Fatigue Severity among Patients with ME/CFS| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2767446/|journal=Patient education and counseling|volume=77|issue=2 | pages = 237–241|doi=10.1016/j.pec.2009.02.015|issn=0738-3991|pmc=2767446|pmid=19356884}}</ref> In 2017, the Jason research team tested the envelope theory in an even larger sample of 429 ME/CFS patients. Participants came from different location with two samples from Norway, one from Newcastle in the UK and another sample recruited online or by phone (in this sample the diagnosis of ME/CFS was self-reported). Patients were categorized by available energy and energy quotient. Results showed that patient who were overexerting themselves had similar levels of symptoms severity as those with lower available energy who stayed within the envelope.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = O'Connor | first = Kelly | last2 = Sunnquist | first2 = Madison | last3 = Nicholson | first3 = Laura | last4 = Jason | first4 = Leonard A. | last5 = Newton | first5 = Julia L. | last6 = Strand | first6 = Elin B. | date = 2017-01-01 | title = Energy envelope maintenance among patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome: Implications of limited energy reserves |url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29231037|journal=Chronic Illness | pages = 1742395317746470|doi=10.1177/1742395317746470|issn=1745-9206|pmc=5750135|pmid=29231037}}</ref> Another study by the DePaul group stratified patients according to illness trajectory. The subgroup (15,9% of the sample) that reported constantly getting worse, had higher energy quotient scores indicating they were overexerting themselves more than the average ME/CFS patient.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Stoothoff | first = Jamie | last2 = Gleason | first2 = Kristen | last3 = McManimen | first3 = Stephanie | last4 = Thorpe | first4 = Taylor | last5 = Jason | first5 = Leonard A. | date = 2017 | title=Subtyping Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) By Course of Illness |url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29204592|journal=Journal of Biosensors, Biomarkers and Diagnostics|volume=2|issue=1|pmc=5710812|pmid=29204592}}</ref> Longitudinal data that supports the envelope theory comes 44 patients that were followed up after a trial on non-pharmacological interventions in ME/CFS. Before the intervention their energy quotients were assessed. Findings showed that those patients who stayed within their envelope, had significantly more improvements in fatigue and physical function after treatment.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Brown | first = Molly | last2 = Khorana | first2 = Neha | last3 = Jason | first3 = Leonard A. | date = Mar 2011 | title = The Role of Changes in Activity as a Function of Perceived Available and Expended Energy in Non-Pharmacological Treatment Outcomes for ME/CFS| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3164291/|journal=Journal of clinical psychology|volume=67|issue=3 | pages = 253–260|doi=10.1002/jclp.20744|issn=0021-9762|pmc=3164291|pmid=21254053}}</ref>
Summary:
Please make sure your edits are consistent with
MEpedia's guidelines
.
By saving changes, you agree to the
Terms of use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 3.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)
Navigation
Navigation
Skip to content
Main page
Browse
Become an editor
Random page
Popular pages
Abbreviations
Glossary
About MEpedia
Links for editors
Contents
Guidelines
Recent changes
Pages in need
Search
Help
Wiki tools
Wiki tools
Special pages
Page tools
Page tools
User page tools
More
What links here
Related changes
Page information
Page logs