https://me-pedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=SearcherMEpedia - User contributions [en]2026-07-02T16:17:16ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.8https://me-pedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_intestinal_bacterial_overgrowth&diff=934Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth2015-11-21T02:46:40Z<p>Searcher:</p>
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<div>'''Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth''' (SIBO) is an excessive bacterial growth in the [[small intestine]] which in contrast to the [[large intestine]] in healthy individuals contains relatively small populations of bacteria. <br />
<br />
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== Risk factors ==<br />
<br />
Risk factors include bowel resection, bariatric surgery, disordered motility, disorders of the immune system such as [[IgA]] deficiency, [[low stomach acid]] and the use of [[proton pump inhibitors]] and immunosuppressants.<ref>References needed</ref> <br />
<br />
== Diagnosis ==<br />
<br />
SIBO can be diagnosed using a [[hydrogen breath test]], a [[lactulose breath test]], or a [[methane breath test]].<br />
<br />
== Pathophysiology ==<br />
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Bacteria commonly implicated in SIBO include ''[[Escherichia coli]]'', ''[[Streptococcus]]'', ''[[Lactobacillus]]'', ''[[Bacteroides]]'' and ''[[Enterococcus]]''.<ref>http://www.nature.com/ajg/journal/v94/n5/full/ajg1999310a.html</ref> Higher levels of ''Enterococcus'' and ''Stretptococcus'' have been found in [[ME/CFS]] patients.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19567398</ref><br />
<br />
== Health complications ==<br />
<br />
It causes increased permeability of the small intestine.<ref>Reference needed</ref> It can cause malabsorption of nutrients including iron and [[Vitamin B12]], resulting in [[microcytic anemia]] or [[megaloblastic anemia]]. <br />
<br />
== Comorbidities ==<br />
<br />
Anecdotal reports suggest a high prevalence of SIBO among CFS patients.<ref>Reference needed</ref> Studies have shown that up to 80% of patients with [[irritable bowel syndrome]] have SIBO and that symptoms improve after treatment<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1754959/</ref><ref>http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=199251</ref>. One study found that a high number of [[fibromyalgia]] patients tested positive to a lactulose breath test, indicating SIBO, and that the degree of abnormality on the breath test correlated with the amount of pain reported.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1754959/</ref><br />
<br />
== Treatment ==<br />
<br />
Standard treatment is a course of antibiotics. <ref>Reference needed</ref> The best evidence for patients without constipation is for the use of [[rifaximin]], an antibiotic that is stays in the intestine and is not absorbed in the body.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2890937/</ref> Some SIBO researchers recommend adding Neomycin to rifaxamin for patients with constipation, as neomycin appears to help kill methane-producing bacteria. <ref>Reference needed</ref> Some experts also recommend the use of [[prokinetic drugs]] or herbs.<ref>Reference needed</ref> Some herbal treatments that have been as effective as antibiotics for eradicating SIBO. <ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4030608/</ref><br />
<br />
[[Probiotics]] may also be helpful. ''[[Lactobacillus casei]]'' has been found to improve breath hydrogen scores after six weeks of treatment.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2742929/</ref> There is also evidence for [[VSL #3]] in the treatment of SIBO.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12913674</ref> However, some probiotics may exacerbate SIBO, in particular those containing [[D-Lactate]] producing strains.<br />
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== See also ==<br />
<br />
*[[Gastrointestinal system]]<br />
*[[Dysbiosis]]<br />
*[[Probiotics]]<br />
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<br />
<references></div>Searcherhttps://me-pedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_intestinal_bacterial_overgrowth&diff=239Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth2015-11-15T17:10:40Z<p>Searcher:/* Treatment */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth''' (SIBO) occurs is an excessive bacterial growth in the [[small intestine]] which in contrast to the [[large intestine]] in healthy individuals contains relatively small populations of bacteria. <br />
<br />
<br />
== Risk factors ==<br />
<br />
Risk factors include bowel resection, bariatric surgery, disordered motility, disorders of the immune system such as [[IgA]] deficiency, [[low stomach acid]] and the use of [[proton pump inhibitors]] and immunosuppressants.<ref>References needed</ref> <br />
<br />
== Diagnosis ==<br />
<br />
SIBO can be diagnosed using a [[hydrogen breath test]], a [[lactulose breath test]], or a [[methane breath test]].<br />
<br />
== Pathophysiology ==<br />
<br />
Bacteria commonly implicated in SIBO include ''[[Escherichia coli]]'', ''[[Streptococcus]]'', ''[[Lactobacillus]]'', ''[[Bacteroides]]'' and ''[[Enterococcus]]''.<ref>http://www.nature.com/ajg/journal/v94/n5/full/ajg1999310a.html</ref> Higher levels of ''Enterococcus'' and ''Stretptococcus'' have been found in [[ME/CFS]] patients.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19567398</ref><br />
<br />
== Health complications ==<br />
<br />
It causes increased permeability of the small intestine.<ref>Reference needed</ref> It can cause malabsorption of nutrients including iron and [[Vitamin B12]], resulting in [[microcytic anemia]] or [[megaloblastic anemia]]. <br />
<br />
== Comorbidities ==<br />
<br />
Anecdotal reports suggest a high prevalence of SIBO among CFS patients.<ref>Reference needed</ref> Studies have shown that up to 80% of patients with [[irritable bowel syndrome]] have SIBO and that symptoms improve after treatment<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1754959/</ref><ref>http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=199251</ref>. One study found that a high number of [[fibromyalgia]] patients tested positive to a lactulose breath test and that the degree of abnormality on the breath test correlated with the amount of pain reported.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1754959/</ref><br />
<br />
== Treatment ==<br />
<br />
Standard treatment is a course of antibiotics. <ref>Reference needed</ref> The best evidence for patients without constipation is for the use of [[rifaximin]], an antibiotic that is stays in the intestine and is not absorbed in the body.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2890937/</ref> Some SIBO researchers recommend adding Neomycin to rifaxamin for patients with constipation, as neomycin appears to help kill methane-producing bacteria. <ref>Reference needed</ref> Some experts also recommend the use of [[prokinetic drugs]]. Others, [[probiotics]]. Some herbal treatments that have been found to help eradicate SIBO. <ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4030608/</ref><br />
<br />
''[[Lactobacillus casei]]'' has been found to improve breath hydrogen scores after six weeks of treatment.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2742929/</ref> There is also evidence for [[VSL #3]] in the treatment of SIBO.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12913674</ref> However, some probiotics may exacerbate SIBO.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
*[[Gastrointestinal system]]<br />
*[[Dysbiosis]]<br />
*[[Probiotics]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<references></div>Searcher