MEpedia - User contributions [en]

Welsh Association of ME & CFS Support

2017-08-18T23:04:05Z

Samsara:+cat

[[File:WAMES logo.gif|right]]

The '''Welsh Association of ME & CFS Support''' (WAMES) is a British patient charity providing support to adults and children with [[ME/CFS]] and their carers and families in Wales.

==Aims==
WAMES aims to improve services, access to services, awareness and support in Wales, in particular:

*campaigning for recognition of ME as a neurological illness in line with the WHO classification and the results of biomedical research
*campaigning for appropriate health, education, social care services, benefits and research
*raising awareness of ME
*offering support to young people with ME
*providing information in Welsh and English for people with ME, their families & professionals
*aiding local support groups<ref>[http://wames.org.uk/cms-english/about-us/ WAMES - About Us]</ref>

==Funding==
WAMES became a registered charity in November 2011. Funding has been sourced from individual donations, ME support groups and professional organisations. Additionally, a £5,000 Award for all Wales grant from the Big Lottery Fund was awarded in September 2010 for an awareness campaign.<ref>[http://wames.org.uk/cms-english/about-us/our-structure-funding/ WAMES - Our structure & funding]</ref>

==History==
WAMES was founded in 2001 by local support groups to address issues specific to Wales due to devolution and bilingualism.<ref>[http://wames.org.uk/cms-english/about-us/our-history/ WAMES - Our History]</ref>

==Online presence==
*[http://wames.org.uk/cms-english/ Website (English)]
*[http://wames.org.uk/cms-cymraeg/ Website (Cymraeg)]
*[https://www.facebook.com/WAMESMECFS Facebook page]
*[https://twitter.com/WAMESMECFS Twitter]

==References==
<references>

</references>
[[Category:Patient groups]]
[[Category:British patient groups]]
[[Category:Welsh patient groups]]

Category:Welsh patient groups

2017-08-18T23:03:35Z

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[[Category:British patient groups]]

Deconditioning

2017-08-15T21:26:56Z

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'''Deconditioning''' is the decline in physical function of the body as a result of physical inactivity and disuse. The most important feature of deconditioning is a decline in muscle strength and bulk. It is usually reversible.<ref>http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3402200094.html</ref> It is often seen in the elderly and the infirm due to bed rest and inactivity. Risk factors include illness, disability, chronic disease, medical and psychosocial circumstances.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8178204 Management of the frail and deconditioned patient. NCBI/NLM/NIH]</ref><ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16121472/ Deconditioning in the hospitalized elderly. NCBI/NLM/NIH]</ref>

It has been hypothesised by proponents of the [[biopsychosocial model]] of [[CFS]] that the [[chronic fatigue (symptom)|chronic fatigue]] experienced in [[ME/CFS]] is the result of deconditioning. The theory proposes that patient's claims of their inability to [[exercise]] or exert themselves is actually due to a "fear of exercise" rather than rooted in reality. It is consequently proposed that psychological interventions such as [[CBT]] should be employed to help the patient overcome their "unhelpful beliefs", while physical programmes such as [[GET]] or [[exercise]] are employed to help the patient recondition their body.<ref>[http://www.meassociation.org.uk/2015/01/me-association-challenges-lancet-claim-about-fear-of-exercise-leading-to-its-avoidance-in-mecfs-14-january-2014/ ME Association challenges ‘Lancet’ claim about fear of exercise leading to its avoidance in ME/CFS | 14 January 2015 - ME Association]</ref><ref>[http://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h227/rr-13 Tackling fears about exercise is important for ME treatment, analysis indicates - BMJ - W.R.C.Weir FRCP, FRCP (Edin), Consultant Physician]</ref>

== Notable studies ==
*'''Unexplained exertional dyspnea caused by low ventricular filling pressures: results from clinical invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing'''<ref>[http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/685054 Unexplained exertional dyspnea caused by low ventricular filling pressures: results from clinical invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing - Original Research]</ref>

:[[Cort Johnson]] breaks down the study in [[Health Rising]]. Article Heading: ''Not Deconditioning'' "The study also indicated neither deconditioning or a reduced maximal effort, both of which have been suspected in [[ME/CFS]], play a role in the exercise intolerance found. In fact, deconditioned people, ironically, exhibit an opposite finding (increased as opposed to decreased filling pressures) to that found in this study."<ref>[http://www.healthrising.org/blog/2016/07/04/exercise-intolerance-fibromyalgia-chronic-fatigue-pots-explained/ The Exercise Intolerance in POTS, ME/CFS and Fibromyalgia Explained? - Health Rising - Cort Johnson]</ref>

== Learn more ==

==See also==
*[[Post-exertional malaise]]
*[[Exercise]]

== References ==
<references>

</references>

[[Category:Diagnoses]]
[[Category:Psychological paradigm]]

Mike Harley

2017-08-15T18:24:51Z

Samsara:/* Online Presence */ formatting

'''Mike Harley''' is running a marathon ([http://www.mikeseumarathons.eu/ Mike's EU Marathons]) in each of the 28 EU member countries to raise money for [[Invest in ME]]. He is bringing funds and awareness to [[ME]].

Mike states his motivation for his unique fundraising effort: "Over 250,000 people in the UK suffer with the ME and that includes 25,000 children as well as one of my good friends who has suffered for almost 9 years with the illness. Watching him drift from year to year without improvement is extremely hard to watch, I want to try to do something to stop this. He's not depressed or making it up, he's one of the most popular and positive people I know. He's ill."

Mike works in partnership with Invest In ME and the European ME Alliance to raise awareness for patients in each EU country that he visits. He has so far met patient groups, press (including BBC Radio) and patients in Czech Rep, Sweden, Greece, Finland, Ireland and Belgium. Where there are no recognised ME charities or groups he is trying to help bring together patients and encourage them to start their own advocacy and support communities including Poland's first ME support group [https://www.facebook.com/groups/258771904515221]

Mike is aiming to finish his challenge in 2020 although is keen to finish the challenge quicker should he be able to find corporate sponsors to cover the costs of travel/accommodation to each race. He hopes to raise £26.2K and as of Feb 2017 has brought in £5700 for biomedical research projects.

In 2017 he will be running in Spain (March), Luxembourg (May), Lithuania (Sept), Netherlands (Oct) and Slovenia (Oct).<ref>https://www.justgiving.com/fundraising/mikeseumarathons</ref>

[[File:Mike Harley.png|upright|center|Source:mikeseumarathons]]

== Online presence ==
*[http://www.mikeseumarathons.eu Website]
*[https://www.facebook.com/mikeseumarathons Facebook]
*[https://www.justgiving.com/mikeseumarathons/ JustGiving]
*[https://twitter.com/MikesEUmaras Twitter]

== References ==
<references>

</references>
[[Category:Advocates or allies]]
[[Category:British advocates or allies]]

Susan Torres-Harding

2017-08-15T18:24:29Z

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[[File:Susan Torres-Harding.png|250px|right]]
'''Susan Torres-Harding''', PhD, is the Director of the Clinical Psychology PsyD program, Roosevelt University, Department of Psychology, Chicago, Illinois, USA.<ref>http://blogs.roosevelt.edu/storresharding/files/2011/02/Torres-Harding-CV-10-25-16-online-CV-1.pdf</ref> Her research interests include racial microaggressions, social justice and social action, and [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]/[[Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]].<ref>http://blogs.roosevelt.edu/storresharding/research-interests/</ref> While working on her Masters and PhD degrees at DePaul University, she worked with Dr. [[Leonard Jason]].<ref>http://blogs.roosevelt.edu/storresharding/files/2011/02/Torres-Harding-CV-10-25-16-online-CV-1.pdf</ref>

==Awards==
*2004, Junior Investigator Award to encourage young CFS/FM researchers in recognition of their work awarded by [[IACFSME]].<ref>http://iacfsme.org/Organization/Former-IACFS-ME-Awardees.aspx</ref>

==Pediatric Case Definition==
*2006, "A Pediatric Case Definition for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome"<blockquote>"Summary: For a diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), most researchers use criteria that were developed by Fukuda et al. (1994), with modifications suggested by Reeves et al. (2003). However, this case definition was established for adults rather than children. A Canadian Case Definition (ME/CFS; Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/CFS) has recently been developed, with more specific inclusion criteria (Carruthers et al., 2003). Again, the primary aim of this case definition is to diagnose adult CFS. A significant problem in the literature is the lack of both a pediatric definition of ME/CFS and a reliable instrument to assess it. These deficiencies can lead to criterion variance problems resulting in studies labeling children with a wide variety of symptoms as having ME/CFS. Subsequently, comparisons between articles become more difficult, decreasing the possibility of conducting a meta-analysis. This article presents recommendations developed by the International Association of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Pediatric Case Definition Working group for a ME/CFS pediatric case definition. It is hoped that this pediatric case definition will lead to more appropriate identification of children and adolescents with ME/CFS."<ref name="JasonL2006paed"/></blockquote>

==Notable studies==
*2009, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3821173/ Activity Logs as a Measure of Daily Activity Among Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. (Full text)]<ref name="JasonLA, 2009"/>
*2009, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2767446/ The impact of energy modulation on physical functioning and fatigue severity among patients with ME/CFS. (Full text)]<ref name="Jason, 2009"/>
*2008, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2730359/ The associations between basal salivary cortisol levels and illness symptomatology in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]. (Full text)] <blockquote>"Abstract: Hypocortisolism has been reported in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), with the significance of this finding to disease etiology unclear. This study examined cortisol levels and their relationships with symptoms in a group of 108 individuals with CFS. CFS symptoms examined included fatigue, pain, sleep difficulties, neurocognitive functioning, and psychiatric status. Alterations in cortisol levels were examined by calculation of mean daily cortisol, while temporal variation in cortisol function was examined by means of a regression slope. Additionally, deviation from expected cortisol diurnal pattern was determined via clinical judgment. Results indicated that fatigue and pain were associated with salivary cortisol levels. In particular, variance from the expected pattern of cortisol was associated with increased levels of fatigue. The implications of these findings are discussed."<ref name="Torres-Harding, 2008"/></blockquote>
*2008, [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5276419_The_Energy_Envelope_Theory_and_myalgic_encephalomyelitischronic_fatigue_syndrome The Energy Envelope Theory and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. (Full text)]<ref name="Jason, 2008"/>
*2007, The Effectiveness of Early Educational Intervention in Improving Future Physicians' Attitudes Regarding CFS/FM<blockquote>"Abstract - Objective: To assess the effects of an early educational intervention program's ability to alter the perceptions and attitudes of future physicians regarding chronic fatigue syndrome/fibromyalgia (CFS/FM), improve their understanding and acceptance of these diseases, make them feel more comfortable in diagnosing and treating patients. Method: Third-year medical students were surveyed before and after an educational intervention program. The three questions posed to the students in the survey were: (1) How comfortable do you feel you are in diagnosing and treating patients with CFS /FM?, (2) Do you consider CFS/FM legitimate illnesses?, and (3) Do you want to treat patients with CFS/FM? Results: The educational intervention program helped about half of the future physicians feel comfortable in diagnosing and treating patients with CFS/FM and improved by over 25% their willingness to treat patients with CFS. Conclusion: An educational intervention program appeared to improve future physicians' understanding and appreciation of CFS/FM, made them feel more comfortable diagnosing and treating these diseases, and increased their willingness to treat patients with CFS/FM."<ref name="Lu, 2007"/></blockquote>
*2007, Baseline Cortisol Levels Predict Treatment Outcomes in [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] Nonpharmacologic Clinical Trial<blockquote> "Abstract - Objective: Understanding how nonpharmacologic interventions differentially affect the subgroups of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) might provide insights into the pathophysiology of this illness. In this exploratory study, baseline measures of normal versus abnormal cortisol were compared on a variety of immune markers and other self-report measures. Normal versus abnormal cortisol ratings were used as predictors in a nurse-delivered nonpharmacologic intervention. Methods: Participants diagnosed with CFS were assigned to 6-month nonpharmacologic interventions. Individuals were classified as having abnormal or normal cortisol levels on the basis of scores over the five testing times. Cortisol levels were considered abnormal if they continued to rise, were flat, or were at abnormally low over time. Results: Across interventions, those with abnormal cortisol at the baseline appeared not to improve over time, whereas those with normal baseline cortisol evidenced improvements on a number of immunologic and self-report measures. Conclusion: It appears that, in subgroups of individuals with CFS, baseline cortisol markers are associated with outcome trajectories for nonpharmacologic treatment trials. The implications of these findings are discussed."<ref name="Jason, Torres-Harding, 2007"/></blockquote>
*2007, [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1359105307076233?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed The Prevalence of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Nigeria]<ref name="Njoku, 2007"/>
*2006, Psychosocial and Physical Impact of Chronic Fatigue in a Community-Based Sample of Children and Adolescents<blockquote> "Abstract - Background: Few studies have examined the problem of chronic fatigue in children and adolescents and its potential impact on functioning. Chronic fatigue may have a negative impact on school functioning, family activities, psychological well-being, physical functioning, and severity of medical symptomatology. Objectives: This study compared psychosocial, family, and physical functioning between a randomly selected community based sample of 36 children and adolescents with chronic fatigue and a group of 21 children and adolescents without fatigue. Methods: Children and parents completed a comprehensive medical history questionnaire and questionnaires assessing psychological functioning, family functioning, and school attendance. Results: Results indicated that children with chronic fatigue tended to have more difficulties in overall physical and psychological functioning, as measured by the Child Health Questionnaire and the Child Behavior Checklist. In addition, children in the chronic fatigue group experienced disruptions in a range of activities and reported more severe physical symptomatology when compared to children without fatigue. Conclusions: Findings suggest that children and adolescents with chronic fatigue may have a range of associated difficulties, including limitations in physical and psychosocial functioning and a negative impact on the ability to engage in normative activities."<ref>Susan R. Torres-Harding, [[Karen Jordan]], [[Leonard Jason|Leonard A. Jason]] & Renee Arias. (2006). Psychosocial and Physical Impact of Chronic Fatigue in a Community-Based Sample of Children and Adolescents. ''Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome'', Vol. 13, Iss. 2-3, pp. 55-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v13n02_03</ref></blockquote>
*2005, [http://www.academia.edu/21228377/The_Relationships_among_Coping_Styles_and_Fatigue_in_an_Ethnically_Diverse_Sample The Relationships among Coping Styles and Fatigue in an Ethnically Diverse Sample (Open Access/Full Text)]<ref name="Njoku, 2005"/>
*2004, Family Medical History of Persons with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<blockquote> "Abstract - Background: Little research has examined the family history of persons with CFS, although a few studies have found people with CFS may be more likely to have family members with fatigue or CFS-like conditions, cancers, autoimmune illness, and early parental death. Research into the family history of fatigue, chronic fatigue syndrome, and other medical or psychiatric illness may help inform the etiology of this illness. Objectives: The present investigation examined the occurrence of medical and psychiatric illness in the family history of persons with CFS, and then compared these results with the family history of medical illness reported by a control group of persons without fatigue. Methods: Family medical history data was obtained from questionnaire responses, a medical assessment, and medical records, and were then classified into specific illness categories, using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10). Family history data was compared among three groups using logistic regression analyses. Results: Results indicated that persons with chronic fatigue syndrome were significantly more likely to report a family history of endocrine/ metabolic disorders when compared to the control group. Conclusions: Findings suggest an underlying familial predisposition toward the development of both CFS and endocrine/metabolic disorders. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that CFS represents a deregulation of the endocrine system.<ref>Susan R. Torres-Harding, [[Leonard Jason|Leonard A. Jason]] & O. Dicle Turkoglu. (2004). Family Medical History of Persons with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. ''Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome'', Vol. 12, Iss. 4, pp. 25-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v12n04_03</ref></blockquote>

==Talks and interviews==

==Online presence==
*[http://blogs.roosevelt.edu/storresharding/ Susan Torres-Harding @ Roosevelt University Blog]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Torres-Harding%20S%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=18578185 PubMed]
*[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Susan_Torres-Harding ResearchGate]

==Learn more==
*[http://blogs.roosevelt.edu/storresharding/files/2011/02/Torres-Harding-CV-10-25-16-online-CV-1.pdf Curriculum Vitae]

==See also==
*[[Leonard Jason]]

==References==
<references>
<ref name="Jason, 2008">
{{Citation
| last1 = Jason | first1 = Leonard A. | authorlink1 = Leonard Jason
| last2 = Muldowney | first2 = Kathleen | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Torres-Harding | first3 = Susan | authorlink3 = Susan Torres-Harding
| title = The Energy Envelope Theory and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
| journal = American Association of Occupational Health Nurses | volume = 56 | issue = 5 | page = 189-95
| date = 2008
| doi = 10.3928/08910162-20080501-06
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Jason, 2009">
{{Citation
| last1 = Jason | first1 = Leonard A. | authorlink1 = Leonard Jason
| last2 = Benton | first2 = Mary | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Torres-Harding | first3 = Susan | authorlink3 = Susan Torres-Harding
| last4 = Muldowney | first4 = K. | authorlink4 =
| title = The impact of energy modulation on physical functioning and fatigue severity among patients with ME/CFS.
| journal = Patient Education and Counseling | volume = 77 | issue = | page = 237-241
| date = 2009
| pmid = 19356884
| doi = 10.1016/j.pec.2009.02.015
}}
</ref>
<ref name="JasonLA, 2009">
{{Citation
| last1 = Jason | first1 = L.A. | authorlink1 = Leonard Jason
| last2 = Timpo | first2 = P. | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Porter | first3 = N. | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Herrington | first4 = J. | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Brown | first5 = M. | authorlink5 = Molly Brown
| last6 = Torres-Harding | first6 = S. | authorlink6 = Susan Torres-Harding
| last7 = Friedberg | first7 = F. | authorlink7 = Fred Friedberg
| title = Activity logs as a measure of daily activity among patients with CFS.
| journal = Journal of Mental Health | volume = 18 | issue = 6 | page = 549-556
| date = 2009
| pmid = 24222721
| doi = 10.3109/09638230903191249
}}
</ref>
<ref name="JasonL2006paed">{{citation
| last1 = Jason | first1 = Leonard A | authorlink1 = Leonard Jason
| last2 = Jordan | first2 = Karen | authorlink2 = Karen Jordan
| last3 = Miike | first3 = Teruhisa | authorlink3 = Teruhisa Miike
| last4 = Bell | first4 = David S | authorlink4 = David Bell
| last5 = Lapp | first5 = Charles | authorlink5 = Charles Lapp
| last6 = Torres-Harding | first6 = Susan | authorlink6 = Susan Torres-Harding
| last7 = Rowe | first7 = Kathy | authorlink7 = Kathy Rowe
| last8 = Gurwitt | first8 = Alan | authorlink8 = Alan Gurwitt
| last9 = De Meirleir | first9 = Kenny | authorlink9 = Kenny de Meirleir
| last10 = Van Hoof | first10= Elke LS | authorlink10= Elke Van Hoof
| title = A Pediatric Case Definition for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
| journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 13 | issue = 2-3 | page = 1-44
| date = 2006
| doi = 10.1300/J092v13n02_01
}}</ref>
<ref name="Jason, Torres-Harding, 2007">
{{Citation
| last1 = Jason | first1 = Leonard A. | authorlink1 = Leonard Jason
| last2 = Torres-Harding | first2 = Susan | authorlink2 = Susan Torres-Harding
| last3 = Maher | first3 = Kevin | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Reynolds | first4 = Nadia | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Brown | first5 = Molly | authorlink5 = Molly Brown
| last6 = Sorenson | first6 = Matthew | authorlink6 =
| last7 = Donalek | first7 = Julie | authorlink7 =
| last8 = Corradi | first8 = Karina | authorlink8 =
| last9 = Fletcher | first9 = Mary Ann | authorlink9 = Mary Ann Fletcher
| last10 = Lu | first10 = Tony | authorlink10 =
| title = Baseline Cortisol Levels Predict Treatment Outcomes in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Nonpharmacologic Clinical Trial
| journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 14 | issue = 4 | page = 39-59
| date = 2007
| pmid =
| doi = 10.3109/10573320802092039
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Lu, 2007">
{{Citation
| last1 = Lu | first1 = Tony V. | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Torres-Harding | first2 = Susan | authorlink2 = Susan Torres-Harding
| last3 = Jason | first3 = Leonard | authorlink3 = Leonard Jason
| title = The Effectiveness of Early Educational Intervention in Improving Future Physicians' Attitudes Regarding CFS/FM
| journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 14 | issue = 2 | page = 25-30
| date = 2007
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1300/J092v14n02_03
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Njoku, 2005">
{{Citation
| last1 = Njoku | first1 = Mary Gloria | authorlink1 = Mary Gloria Njoku
| last2 = Jason | first2 = Leonard | authorlink2 = Leonard Jason
| last3 = Torres-Harding | first3 = Susan | authorlink3 = Susan Torres-Harding
| title = The relationships among coping styles and fatigue in an ethnically diverse sample.
| journal = Ethnicity and Health | volume = 10 | issue = 4 | page = 263-278
| date = 2005
| doi = 10.1080/13557850500138613
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Njoku, 2007">
{{Citation
| last1 = Njoku | first1 = Mary Gloria | authorlink1 = Mary Gloria Njoku
| last2 = Jason | first2 = Leonard | authorlink2 = Leonard Jason
| last3 = Torres-Harding | first3 = Susan | authorlink3 = Susan Torres-Harding
| title = The Prevalence of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Nigeria
| journal = Journal of Health Psychology | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | page = 461-74
| date = 2007
| pmid = 17439996
| doi = 10.1177/1359105307076233
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Torres-Harding, 2008">
{{Citation
| last1 = Torres-Harding | first1 = Susan | authorlink1 = Susan Torres-Harding
| last2 = Sorenson | first2 = Matthew | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Jason | first3 = Leonard | authorlink3 = Leonard Jason
| last4 = Maher | first4 = Kevin | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Fletcher | first5 = Mary Ann | authorlink5 = Mary Ann Fletcher
| last6 = Reynolds | first6 = Nadia | authorlink6 =
| last7 = Brown | first7 = Molly | authorlink7 = Molly Brown
| title = The associations between basal salivary cortisol and illness symptomatology in chronic fatigue syndrome
| journal = Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research | volume = 2008 | issue = 13 | page = 157-180
| date = 2008
| pmid = 19701493
}}
</ref>
</references>

[[Category:Researchers]]
[[Category:USA researchers]]

Tom Whittingham

2017-08-15T18:24:05Z

Samsara:formatting

[[File:Tom Whittingham.png|upright|right]]
'''Tom Whittingham''' is the brother of [[Naomi Whittingham]] who lives with severe [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] ([[ME]]). He is supporting [[ME Research UK]] by running Marathons.<ref>[https://www.justgiving.com/tjwhittingham/ Tom Whittingham - Edinburgh Marathon (31st May 2015) - Just Giving]</ref>

== Media coverage ==
BBC Radio Bristol interview with John Darvall "Naomi's story". Tom begins at 6:40.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p02w3d9d BBC Radio Bristol interview with John Darvall "Naomi's story"]</ref>

== References ==
<references>

</references>
[[Category:Advocates or allies]]
[[Category:British advocates or allies]]

Keith Geraghty

2017-08-15T18:23:38Z

Samsara:formatting

[[File:Keith Geraghty.png|upright|right|Source:www.researchgate.net]]
Dr. '''Keith Geraghty''', B.Sc., B.Sc., M.Dip., M.P.H., Ph.D., is a Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Manchester (UK) in the Centre for Primary Care. His main research interests are patient safety and harms, doctor-patient relations, medically unexplained illness and [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]]/[[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (ME/CFS).<ref>http://iacfsme.org/PDFS/2016MayNesletter/Attachment-08-Dr-Keith-Geraghty-Doing-CFS-research.aspx</ref> He holds a Ph.D. in Health Management, a Master of Public Health (Merit with award of Distinction in Dissertation) and a Master Postgraduate Diploma in Research Methodology.<ref>http://www.manchester.ac.uk/research/keith.geraghty/personaldetails</ref> In addition to being a [[ME/CFS]] researcher, Dr. Geraghty lives with [[ME/CFS]].

In 2012, Geraghty became the Founder Director of The ME/CFS Research Group, whose goal is to bring together researchers and clinicians to undertake innovative studies of ME/CFS.<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/keith-geraghty-438a4032</ref>

==Publications==
===2017===
*14 June 2017 - Editorial - [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317098481_Further_Commentary_on_the_PACE_Trial_Biased_Methods_and_Unreliable_OutcomesFurther "Further Commentary on the PACE Trial: Biased Methods and Unreliable Outcomes"] by Keith Geraghty in ''Journal of Health Psychology''<blockquote>'''Abstract:''' Geraghty in the year 2016, outlines a range of controversies surrounding publication of results from the PACE trial and discusses a freedom of information case brought by a patient refused access to data from the trial. The PACE authors offer a response, writing ‘Dr Geraghty’s views are based on misunderstandings and misrepresentations of the PACE trial’. This article draws on expert commentaries to further detail the critical methodological failures and biases identified in the PACE trial, which undermine the reliability and credibility of the major findings to emerge from this trial.<ref name="Geraghty, 2017"/></blockquote>

===2016===
*6 Dec 2016, [http://blogs.bmj.com/medical-ethics/2016/12/06/mind-the-gap-ethical-failures-in-the-treatment-of-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/ "Mind the Gap: Ethical Failures in the Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome"] by Charlotte Blease & Keith Geraghty in ''Journal of Medical Ethics blog'' <blockquote>Excerpt: In our paper, we find widespread evidence (in the literature) that ME/CFS patient testimony is devalued. Forms of exclusionary deflation may be unintentional but include ignoring patients’ views, undermining their testimony, and offering alternative explanations for their suffering (e.g. pain not being biological but somatised). We also find that exclusion is expressed as negative stereotyping (“heartsinky patients”), and by pernicious ways of psychologising patients’ worries and complaints (even labelling patients as “illness seeking”). Indeed, it is because of the incomplete knowledge of CFS/ME that patients may be especially vulnerable to insidious and harmful forms of ‘expert’ gap-filling.<ref name="Blease,Geraghty 2016c"/></blockquote>
*5 Dec 2016, [http://jme.bmj.com/content/early/2016/12/05/medethics-2016-103691.abstract "Epistemic injustice in healthcare encounters: evidence from chronic fatigue syndrome"] by Blease C, Carel H. & Geraghty K. in ''Journal of Medical Ethics'' <blockquote>Abstract: Chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) remains a controversial illness category. This paper surveys the state of knowledge and attitudes about this illness and proposes that epistemic concerns about the testimonial credibility of patients can be articulated using Miranda Fricker's concept of epistemic injustice. While there is consensus within mainstream medical guidelines that there is no known cause of CFS/ME, there is continued debate about how best to conceive of CFS/ME, including disagreement about how to interpret clinical studies of treatments. Against this background, robust qualitative and quantitative research from a range of countries has found that many doctors (and medical students) display uncertainty about whether CFS/ME is real, which may result in delays in diagnosis and treatment for patients. Strikingly, qualitative research evinces that patients with CFS/ME often experience suspicion by healthcare professionals, and many patients vocally oppose the effectiveness, and the conceptualisation, of their illness as psychologically treatable. We address the intersection of these issues and healthcare ethics, and claim that this state of affairs can be explained as a case of epistemic injustice (2007). We find evidence that healthcare consultations are fora where patients with CFS/ME may be particularly vulnerable to epistemic injustice. We argue that the (often unintentional) marginalisation of many patients is a professional failure that may lead to further ethical and practical consequences both for progressive research into CFS/ME, and for ethical care and delivery of current treatments among individuals suffering from this debilitating illness.<ref name="Blease,Geraghty 2016b"/></blockquote>
*23 Sept 2016, Editorial - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27807258 "'PACE-Gate': When clinical trial evidence meets open data access"] <blockquote>Abstract: Science is not always plain sailing and sometimes the voyage is across an angry sea. A recent clinical trial of treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome (the PACE trial) has whipped up a storm of controversy. Patients claim the lead authors over-stated the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise therapy by lowering the thresholds they used to determine improvement. In this extraordinary case, patients discovered that the treatments tested had much lower efficacy after an information tribunal ordered the release of data from the PACE trial to a patient who had requested access using a freedom of information request.<ref name="Geraghty, 2016"/></blockquote>
*15 Sept 2016, [https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-in-the-treatment-of-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-a-narrative-review-on-efficacy-and-informed-consent(987590d0-a62d-473e-8d46-b74b9247e81c).html "Cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: A narrative review on efficacy and informed consent"] <blockquote>Abstract: Cognitive behavioural therapy is increasingly promoted as a treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome. There is limited research on informed consent using cognitive behavioural therapy in chronic fatigue syndrome. We undertook a narrative review to explore efficacy and to identify the salient information that should be disclosed to patients. We found a complex theoretical model underlying the rationale for psychotherapy in chronic fatigue syndrome. Cognitive behavioural therapy may bring about changes in self-reported fatigue for some patients in the short term, however there is a lack of evidence for long-term benefit or for improving physical function and cognitive behavioural therapy may cause distress if inappropriately prescribed. Therapist effects and placebo effects are important outcome factors.<ref name="Blease,Geraghty, 2016a"/>
*1 Aug 2016, [http://bjgp.org/content/66/649/437 "Chronic fatigue syndrome: is the biopsychosocial model responsible for patient dissatisfaction and harm?"] in ''British Journal of General Practice''<blockquote>Abstract: In 1977 George Engel wrote about the need for an ‘integrated approach’ in medicine that moved the focus beyond biological mechanisms of disease to include all pertinent aspects of illness presentation, setting out a ‘biopsychosocial model’.1 Around the same time, McEvedy and Beard asserted that the disease ‘benign myalgic encephalomyelitis’, described by Ramsay at the Royal Free Hospital, London, was nothing more than a case of ‘mass hysteria’.2 In the 1980s, doctors combined theories of neurasthenia, hysteria, and somatoform illness, to reconstitute ME as ‘chronic fatigue syndrome’. Psychiatrists argued that CFS was best understood using a biopsychosocial (BPS) framework, being perhaps triggered by viral illness (biology), but maintained by certain personality traits (psychology) and social conditions (sociology).3 Although the BPS model holds much utility in understanding ‘illness’ in a wider context, many sufferers of CFS reject the notion that their illness is psychologically or socially derived. Significant numbers of patients report difficult interactions with doctors that leave them feeling dissatisfied, disbelieved, and distressed. In this article, we question whether or not the BPS model generates ‘harms’ for CFS patients, and we ask if other, alternative approaches might be more preferable to both patients and GPs.<ref name="Geraghty,Esmail, 2016"/></blockquote>
*27 Jun 2016, [http://www.nursinginpractice.com/article/%E2%80%98all-mind%E2%80%99-myth-myalgic-encephalomyelitischronic-fatigue-syndrome "The ‘all in the mind’ myth of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome"] in ''Nursing in Practice''<blockquote>Abstract: Health professionals should be made aware that ME/CFS is not a psychological illness and in order to improve patient care, nurses need to better understand this illness and its impact on patients. Nurses often witness close-up the impact of acute and chronic illness on patients. Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)/chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is one illness that nurses may encounter that causes profound life changes for many sufferers. This controversial illness is sometimes presented as a psychosomatic disorder that requires psychological treatment. However, there is no compelling evidence that ME/CFS is a mental health condition and increasing evidence shows it is a biological disease with a range of complex symptoms. This article discusses how the ‘all in the mind’ myth of ME/CFS has permeated both medical discourse and popular culture, with negative consequences for patients living with this poorly understood condition.<ref name="Geraghty, 06272016"/></blockquote>
*1 May 2016, [http://iacfsme.org/PDFS/2016MayNesletter/Attachment-08-Dr-Keith-Geraghty-Doing-CFS-research.aspx "Doing Research in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome with Chronic Fatigue." 12th [[International IACFS/ME Research and Clinical Conference]] Conference paper. Geraghty, K. ]<ref>http://iacfsme.org/PDFS/2016MayNesletter/Attachment-08-Dr-Keith-Geraghty-Doing-CFS-research.aspx</ref>
*2016, [https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-and-the-biopsychosocial-model-accounting-for-harm-in-the-medical-encounter(4778848a-cc07-4b56-b820-0ecc16e907f3).html "Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and the Biopsychosocial Model: Accounting for Harm in the Medical Encounter"] Conference paper by Geraghty, K., & Esmail, A.<ref>http://www.manchester.ac.uk/research/keith.geraghty/publications</ref>

===2015===
*7 Nov 2015, [http://www.jacobspublishers.com/images/Physiology/J_J_Physiology_1_2_007.pdf "Deviant cellular and physiological responses to exercise in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome"] by Geraghty, K., & Twisk, F. in ''Jacobs Journal of Physiology'' <blockquote>Abstract: Post-exertional “malaise” is a hallmark symptom of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). Various abnormalities, including abnormal physiological responses to exertion, can account for post-exertional “malaise” and “exercise avoidance”. Since these abnormalities are not observed in sedentary healthy controls, the abnormalities and deviant responses cannot be explained by “exercise avoidance” and subsequent deconditioning, nor by psychogenic factors.<ref name="Twisk,Geraghty, 2016"/></blockquote>

==Online presence==
*[https://twitter.com/keithgeraghty Twitter]
*[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Keith_Geraghty/info ResearchGate]
*[https://www.facebook.com/Keith.J.Geraghty Facebook]
*[https://www.linkedin.com/in/keith-geraghty-438a4032 LinkedIn]

==Learn more==
*[http://iacfsme.org/PDFS/2016MayNesletter/Attachment-08-Dr-Keith-Geraghty-Doing-CFS-research.aspx May 2016 IACFSME Newsletter - Doing Research in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome – Dr. Keith Geraghty]

==References==
<references>
<ref name="Blease,Geraghty 2016b">
{{Citation
| last1 = Blease | first1 = Charlotte | authorlink1 = Charlotte Blease
| last2 = Havi | first2 = Carel | authorlink2 = Carel Havi
| last3 = Geraghty | first3 = Keith | authorlink3 = Keith Geraghty
| title = Epistemic injustice in healthcare encounters: evidence from chronic fatigue syndrome
| journal = Journal of Medical Ethics | volume = 2017 | issue = 43 | page = 549-557
| date = 5 Dec 2016
| pmid = 27920164
| doi = 10.1136/medethics-2016-103691
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Blease,Geraghty 2016c">{{citation
| last1 = Blease | first1 = Charlotte | authorlink1 = Charlotte Blease
| last2 = Geraghty | first2 = Keith | authorlink2 = Keith Geraghty
| title = Mind the Gap: Ethical Failures in the Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
| type = Journal of Medical Ethics blog
| date = 6 Dec 2016
| url = http://blogs.bmj.com/medical-ethics/2016/12/06/mind-the-gap-ethical-failures-in-the-treatment-of-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/
}}</ref>
<ref name="Geraghty, 2016">
{{Citation
| last1 = Geraghty | first1 = Keith | authorlink1 = Keith Geraghty
| title = 'PACE-Gate': When clinical trial evidence meets open data access
| journal = Journal of Health Psychology | volume = | issue = | page =
| date = 23 Sep 2016
| pmid = 27807258
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Geraghty, 2017">
{{Citation
| last1 = Geraghty | first1 = Keith | authorlink1 = Keith Geraghty
| title = Further Commentary on the PACE Trial: Biased Methods and Unreliable Outcomes
| journal = Journal of Health Psychology | volume = | issue = | page =
| date = May 2017
| doi = 10.1177/1359105317714486
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Geraghty,Esmail, 2016">
{{Citation
| last1 = Geraghty | first1 = Keith | authorlink1 = Keith Geraghty
| last2 = Esmail | first2 = Aneez | authorlink2 =
| title = Chronic fatigue syndrome: is the biopsychosocial model responsible for patient dissatisfaction and harm?
| journal = British Journal of General Practice | volume = 66 | issue =649 | page = 437-438
| date = 1 Aug 2016
| doi = 10.3399/bjgp16X686473
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Geraghty, 06272016">
{{Citation
| last1 = Geraghty | first1 = Keith | authorlink1 = Keith Geraghty
| title = The ‘all in the mind’ myth of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
| journal = Nursing in Practice | volume = | issue = | page =
| date = 27 Jun 2016
| url = http://www.nursinginpractice.com/article/%E2%80%98all-mind%E2%80%99-myth-myalgic-encephalomyelitischronic-fatigue-syndrome
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Blease,Geraghty, 2016a">{{citation
| last1 = Blease | first1 = Charlotte | authorlink1 = Charlotte Blease
| last2 = Geraghty | first2 = Keith | authorlink2 = Keith Geraghty
| title = Cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: A narrative review on efficacy and informed consent
| type = Journal of Health Psychology
| date = 15 Sep 2016
| doi = 10.1177/1359105316667798
}}</ref>
<ref name="Twisk,Geraghty, 2016">{{citation
| last1 = Twisk | first1 = Frank | authorlink1 = Frank Twisk
| last2 = Geraghty | first2 = Keith | authorlink2 = Keith Geraghty
| title = Deviant Cellular and Physiological Responses to Exercise in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
| journal = Jacobs Journal of Physiology | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | page = 007
| date = 11 Nov 2015
| doi = 10.1177/1359105316667798
}}</ref>
</references>

[[Category:Researchers]] [[Category:UK researchers]]
[[Category:People with ME, CFS, and/or FMS]]

Irving Spurr

2017-08-15T18:22:53Z

Samsara:formatting

'''Irving Spurr''', MD, is a General Practitioner in the UK. He is Chairman of The [[John Richardson]] Group. He has extensive experience with [[enteroviruses]] and their implication with [[ME/CFS]].

He "uses immunogloulin treatment extensively and has not done a RCT [randomized controlled trial] because he does not believe it is ethical to not offer it to clients. There are apparently problems with the use of [[IVIG]] in the UK and so he used IM."<ref>http://www.investinme.eu/IIMEC3.shtml#report</ref>

Dr Spurr wrote a treatise on what he called, EvME, i.e., ME caused by persistent enteroviruses, entitled, ''Enteroviral Myalgic Encephalomyelitis - EvME:''<blockquote>

"Myalgic Encephalomyelitis is recognised by the WHO as a neurological disease. It is well annotated in medical literature, from the Polio epidemics in 1930s-40s [Gilliam]. Defined by [[Melvin Ramsay]] in the 1950s - [[Royal Free Hospital outbreak | Royal Free Disease]] and in the 1960s by Luis Leon Sotomayor. In 1970 the BMA published a paper by two psychiatrists. Dr C P McEvedy and Dr A W Beard which concluded that the Royal Free outbreak was largely due to hysteria. The effect on medical opinion was far reaching and still prevails. The effect on patients was and remains catastrophic.

The [[enteroviruses]], ubiquitous in nature, are responsible for a variety of human diseases ranging from mild gastroenteritis to fulminating multi-organ failure. They are the cause of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and it is no surprise that this disease has multi-organ involvement with protean manifestation.

Enterovirus genus is comprised of Polioviruses, Coxsackieviruses A&B, Echoviruses and E71 [Enterovirus 71]. They are members of the Picornaviridea family. The Picorna family is marked by its extremely small size. The virion is a naked icosahedron about 30 nm in diameter. The genome is comprised of single-stranded monopartite RNA. While Poliomyelitis has virtually been eradicated in the Western world, others of the genera have filled the vacuum so created [E71]. Enteroviruses, as the name implies, persist in the gut and are remarkably resistant to its harsh conditions. They mutate slowly, en passage, to re-challenge host resistance; pandemics occurring every 2-4 years. Diseases can range from relatively minor gastrointestinal upset to paralysis, meningitis, encephalitis, cardiac damage and birth defects. Sub clinical and mild infections are by the far most common."<ref>http://www.hfme.org/topicoutbreaks.htm</ref></blockquote>

==Talks and interviews==
*2008, [http://www.investinme.eu/IIMEC3.shtml#agenda Speaker at the 3rd Invest in ME International ME Conference on ''A GP’s Experiences of Diagnosis and Treatments of ME/CFS'']<ref>http://www.investinme.eu/IIMEC3.shtml#agenda</ref> [http://www.investinme.eu/IIMEC3.shtml#dvd DVD available]

==See also==
*[[John Richardson]]

==References==
<references>

</references>
[[Category:Clinicians]]
[[Category:British clinicians]]

Irving Spurr

2017-08-15T18:22:38Z

Samsara:formatting

'''Irving Spurr''', MD, is a General Practitioner in the UK. He is Chairman of The [[John Richardson]] Group. He has extensive experience with [[enteroviruses]] and their implication with [[ME/CFS]].

He "uses immunogloulin treatment extensively and has not done a RCT [randomized controlled trial] because he does not believe it is ethical to not offer it to clients. There are apparently problems with the use of [[IVIG]] in the UK and so he used IM."<ref>http://www.investinme.eu/IIMEC3.shtml#report</ref>

Dr Spurr wrote a treatise on what he called, EvME, i.e., ME caused by persistent enteroviruses, entitled, ''Enteroviral Myalgic Encephalomyelitis - EvME:''<blockquote>

"Myalgic Encephalomyelitis is recognised by the WHO as a neurological disease. It is well annotated in medical literature, from the Polio epidemics in 1930s-40s [Gilliam]. Defined by [[Melvin Ramsay]] in the 1950s - [[Royal Free Hospital outbreak | Royal Free Disease]] and in the 1960s by Luis Leon Sotomayor. In 1970 the BMA published a paper by two psychiatrists. Dr C P McEvedy and Dr A W Beard which concluded that the Royal Free outbreak was largely due to hysteria. The effect on medical opinion was far reaching and still prevails. The effect on patients was and remains catastrophic.

The [[enteroviruses]], ubiquitous in nature, are responsible for a variety of human diseases ranging from mild gastroenteritis to fulminating multi-organ failure. They are the cause of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and it is no surprise that this disease has multi-organ involvement with protean manifestation.

Enterovirus genus is comprised of Polioviruses, Coxsackieviruses A&B, Echoviruses and E71 [Enterovirus 71]. They are members of the Picornaviridea family. The Picorna family is marked by its extremely small size. The virion is a naked icosahedron about 30 nm in diameter. The genome is comprised of single-stranded monopartite RNA. While Poliomyelitis has virtually been eradicated in the Western world, others of the genera have filled the vacuum so created [E71]. Enteroviruses, as the name implies, persist in the gut and are remarkably resistant to its harsh conditions. They mutate slowly, en passage, to re-challenge host resistance; pandemics occurring every 2-4 years. Diseases can range from relatively minor gastrointestinal upset to paralysis, meningitis, encephalitis, cardiac damage and birth defects. Sub clinical and mild infections are by the far most common."<ref>http://www.hfme.org/topicoutbreaks.htm</ref></blockquote>

==Talks and interviews==
*2008, [http://www.investinme.eu/IIMEC3.shtml#agenda Speaker at the 3rd Invest in ME International ME Conference on ''A GP’s Experiences of Diagnosis and Treatments of ME/CFS'']<ref>http://www.investinme.eu/IIMEC3.shtml#agenda</ref> [http://www.investinme.eu/IIMEC3.shtml#dvd DVD available]

==See also==
[[John Richardson]]

==References==
<references>

</references>
[[Category:Clinicians]]
[[Category:British clinicians]]

Martin Pall

2017-08-15T18:22:02Z

Samsara:formatting

[[File:Martin Pall.png|upright|right]]
'''Martin L. Pall,''' PhD, is a Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry and Basic Medical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, U.S.A.<ref>http://www.smb.wsu.edu/faculty-trainees-and-staff/faculty.</ref> He states that he developed [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] (CFS) from a [[varicella zoster virus]] infection in the later 1990s but has made a full recovery by following a program of avoiding exercise, diet changes, and taking supplements that decrease inflammation.<ref>http://www.prohealth.com/library/showarticle.cfm?libid=12966</ref>

Dr. Pall was one of the authors of the [[International Consensus Criteria]].<ref name="Carruthers, 2011"/>

==Education==
*1962 - B.A., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
*1968 - Ph.D., California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA

==NO/ONOO-cycle==
Dr. Pall developed the [[Nitric oxide hypothesis | Nitric Oxide Cycle Theory]], also, called the NO/ONOO-cycle (pronounced "no-oh-no" cycle) which states that this biochemical cycle causes the inflammation present in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]/[[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] (CFS/ME), [[Multiple Chemical Sensitivity]] (MCS), [[fibromyalgia]] (FM) and possibly a large number of other chronic inflammatory diseases such as heart disease. "Nitric oxide, acting via its product peroxynitrite, a potent oxidant, acts to initiate a biochemical vicious cycle which is the cause of illness," explains Dr. Pall.<ref>http://www.prohealth.com//library/showArticle.cfm?libid=12896</ref>

He believes that certain over-the-counter supplements, such as [[fish oil]], [[CoQ10]], [[vitamin E]], NAC ([[N-acetylcysteine]]), [[magnesium]], and other [[antioxidants]], can help downregulate the oxidation caused by the nitric oxide cycle.<ref>http://www.prohealth.com/library/showarticle.cfm?libid=16224</ref> He believes [[Vitamin B12]] injections can also be a potent nitric oxide scavenger.<ref>http://www.investinme.eu/IIMEC2.shtml</ref>

==Book==
*2007, ''[[Explaining "Unexplained Illnesses"|Explaining "Unexplained Illnesses": Disease Paradigm for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, Fibromyalgia, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Gulf War Syndrome]]''<ref name="Pall, 2007"/>

==Articles==
*2010, [http://www.townsendletter.com/FebMarch2010/cureNO0210.html ''How Can We Cure NO/ONOO− Cycle Diseases? Approaches to Curing Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Fibromyalgia, Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, Gulf War Syndrome and Possibly Many Others" by Martin Pall in Townsend Letter]
*2009, [http://www.prohealth.com/library/showarticle.cfm?libid=14467 ''Dr. Pall Debuts Website on 'Tenth-Paradigm' Diseases Including FM, ME/CFS, and MCS'']
*2007, [http://www.prohealth.com//library/showArticle.cfm?libid=12896''Nitric Oxide Cycle Theory: Will It Explain CFS, FM, and Other ‘Unexplained’ Illnesses? - Q&A with Martin L. Pall, PhD'']

==Talks and interviews==
*2014, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3kQQyU8NHv8 Martin Pall explains "Unexplained Illnesses"] (English with French subtitles)
*2007, [http://www.prohealth.com/library/showarticle.cfm?libid=12966 "Live Chat with Martin L. Pall, PhD – July 6, 2007: Professor of Biochemistry Explains Mechanisms of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia & Suggested Protocol"]
*2007, Speaker at the 2nd [[Invest in ME International ME Conference]] - ''Biochemical Underpinnings of ME/CFS''<ref>http://www.investinme.eu/IIMEC2.shtml</ref> - [http://www.investinme.eu/IIMEC2.shtml#dvd DVD available]

==Publications on ME/CFS==
*2011, Myalgic encephalomyelitis: International Consensus Criteria.<ref>Carruthers BM, van de Sande MI, De Meirleir KL, Klimas NG, Broderick G, Mitchell T, Staines D, Powles AC, Speight N, Vallings R, Bateman L, Baumgarten-Austrheim B, Bell DS, Carlo-Stella N, Chia J, Darragh A, Jo D, Lewis D, Light AR, Marshall-Gradisbik S, Mena I, Mikovits JA, Miwa K, Murovska M, Pall ML, Stevens S. (2011). Myalgic encephalomyelitis: International Consensus Criteria. ''Journal of Internal Medicine, 270'' (4):327-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02428.x. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21777306</ref>
*2011, Will vitamin D supplementation ameliorate diseases characterized by chronic inflammation and fatigue?<blockquote>Summary: "Chronic NF-κB activation has been supposed as a key event in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and many other better-defined pro-inflammatory diseases. Knowledge about the impact of deficiency vitamin D on chronic NF-κB activation could open a new disease approach. Whereas NF-κB activation leads at first to a pro-inflammatory immune response, later on a vitamin D-dependent anti-inflammatory response ensues. Binding of the active vitamin D metabolite 1,25(OH)2D3 to vitamin D receptor (VDR) yields a transcription factor which represses NF-κB activation, and additionally modulates and down-regulates adaptive, but enhances innate immune responses, and improves redox balance, thus counterbalancing inflammation on multiple levels. However, this built-in late counterbalance against inflammation works only when stores of calcium and 25(OH)D3 are abundant. Therefore a connection between lowered vitamin D-metabolism and persistent NF-κB activation, augmented nitrosative-oxidative stress, redox imbalance, chronic inflammation, and concomitant fatigue can be postulated. In order to confirm this hypothesis, randomized controlled clinical studies about the clinical effects of supplementation of calcium and vitamin D3 would be necessary in diseases characterized by persistent NF-κB activation and chronic inflammation and fatigue."<ref name="Höck, 2011"/></blockquote>
* 2008, Post-radiation syndrome as a NO/ONOO- cycle, chronic fatigue syndrome-like disease.<ref> Pall, ML. (2008). Post-radiation syndrome as a NO/ONOO- cycle, chronic fatigue syndrome-like disease. ''Medical Hypotheses, 71'' (4):537-41. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2008.05.023. Epub 2008 Jul 29. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18667279</ref>
*2005, Nitric oxide and the etiology of chronic fatigue syndrome: giving credit where credit is due.<ref>Pall ML. (2005). Nitric oxide and the etiology of chronic fatigue syndrome: giving credit where credit is due. ''Medical Hypotheses, 65'' (3):631-3. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15936892.</ref>
*2003, Elevated levels of protein carbonyls in sera of chronic fatigue syndrome patients.<ref>Smirnova IV, Pall ML. (2003). Elevated levels of protein carbonyls in sera of chronic fatigue syndrome patients. ''Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 248'' (1-2):93-5. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12870659</ref>
*2002, Levels of Nitric Oxide Synthase Product Citrulline Are Elevated in Sera of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients<blockquote>"Abstract - Serum levels of citrulline, a product of nitric oxide synthase activity, were measured in 36 CFS patients and 16 controls to determine whether synthase activity may be elevated in CFS patients. Serum citrulline levels were found to be significantly elevated in CFS patients and, in addition, there was a trend towards higher levels in CFS patients with stronger symptoms. These results provide support for the view that nitric oxide synthase activity tends to be elevated in CFS patients, thus supporting a prediction of the elevated nitric oxide/peroxynitrite theory of CFS etiology."<ref>Martin L. Pall. (2002). Levels of Nitric Oxide Synthase Product Citrulline Are Elevated in Sera of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients. ''Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome'', Vol. 10, Iss. 2, pp. 37-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v10n03_04</ref></blockquote>
*2002, Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalitis.<ref>Pall, ML. (2002). Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalitis. ''British Journal of General Practice, 52'' (482):762. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12236283.</ref>
*2001, Common etiology of posttraumatic stress disorder, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome and multiple chemical sensitivity via elevated nitric oxide/peroxynitrite.<ref> Pall, ML. (2001). Common etiology of posttraumatic stress disorder, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome and multiple chemical sensitivity via elevated nitric oxide/peroxynitrite. ''Medical Hypotheses, 57'' (2):139-45. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11461161 </ref>
*2001, Elevated nitric oxide/peroxynitrite mechanism for the common etiology of multiple chemical sensitivity, chronic fatigue syndrome, and posttraumatic stress disorder.<ref>Pall ML, Satterlee JD. (2001). Elevated nitric oxide/peroxynitrite mechanism for the common etiology of multiple chemical sensitivity, chronic fatigue syndrome, and posttraumatic stress disorder. ''Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 933.''323-9. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12000033</ref>
*2000, Elevated, sustained peroxynitrite levels as the cause of chronic fatigue syndrome. <blockquote>"ABSTRACT: The etiology of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has been both obscure and highly contentious, leading to substantial barriers to both clear diagnosis and effective treatment. I propose here a novel hypothesis of CFS in which either viral or bacterial infection induces one or more cytokines, IL-1beta IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. These induce nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), leading to increased nitric oxide levels. Nitric oxide, in turn, reacts with superoxide radical to generate the potent oxidant peroxynitrite. Multiple amplification and positive feedback mechanisms are proposed by which once peroxynitrite levels are elevated, they tend to be sustained at a high level. This proposed mechanism may lower the HPA axis activity and be maintained by consequent lowered glucocorticoid levels. Similarities are discussed among CFS and autoimmune and other diseases previously shown to be associated with elevated peroxynitrite. Multiple pharmacological approaches to the treatment of CFS are suggested by this hypothesis."<ref name="Pall, 2000a"/></blockquote>
*''Elevated Peroxynitrite as the Cause of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Other Inducers and Mechanisms of Symptom Generation''<blockquote>"Abstract - In an earlier paper, I proposed that chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is caused by a response to infection, involving the induction of inflammatory cytokines which induce, in turn, the inducible nitric oxide synthase, producing elevated nitric oxide. Nitric oxide reacts with superoxide to form the potent oxidant, peroxynitrite. Six positive feedback loops were proposed by which peroxynitrite may stay elevated, acting to increase levels of both nitric oxide and superoxide, which react to form more peroxynitrite. This vicious cycle based on known biochemistry is proposed to be the central cause of CFS. The current paper discusses additional inducers which may act by increasing nitric oxide (physical or psychological trauma) or increasing superoxide (hypoxia) and the role of orthostatic intolerance, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, excessive exercise, exercise intolerance and carbon monoxide in inducing hypoxia and consequently superoxide and peroxynitrite. The major symptoms of CFS can all be interpreted as relatively direct consequences of the pathophysiology predicted by the elevated peroxynitrite theory of CFS. Attractive mechanisms are proposed by which elevated peroxynitrite, nitric oxide and/or related physiological changes may induce CFS symptoms including fatigue, immune dysfunction, learning and memory dysfunction, multi-organ pain, exercise intoler-ance/postexertional malaise and orthostatic intolerance. Roles are discussed for six factors likely to influence the frequency of CFS induction in response to infection or other inducing events."<ref>Martin L. Pall. (2000). Differential Diagnosis: The Challenge of Chronic Fatigue, Vol. 7, Iss. 4, pp. 45-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v07n04_05</ref></blockquote>
*2000, Cobalamin Used in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Therapy Is a Nitric Oxide Scavenger <blockquote>"ABSTRACT: Cobalamin (vitamin B12) in the form of hydroxocobalamin or cyanocobalamin injections has been widely used to treat chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Hydroxocobalamin is a nitric oxide scavenger and is proposed here to act as such a scavenger in CFS treatment. Its possible efficacy in CFS treatment, if further substantiated, may provide confirmation of a prediction of the elevated nitric oxide/peroxynitrite theory of CFS etiology. This interpretation of the possible role of cobalamin in CFS treatment suggests a useful perspective for confirming and optimizing this treatment."<ref name="Pall, 2000b"/></blockquote>

==Online presence==
*[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Martin_Pall ResearchGate]

==See also==
*[[N-acetylcysteine]]
*[[Nitric oxide hypothesis]]
*[[Anna Dorothea Hoeck]]

==References==
<references>
<ref name="Carruthers, 2011">
{{Citation
| last1 = Carruthers | first1 = BM | authorlink1 = Bruce Carruthers
| last2 = van de Sande | first2 = MI | authorlink2 = Marjorie van de Sande
| last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = KL | authorlink3 = Kenny de Meirleir
| last4 = Klimas | first4 = NG | authorlink4 = Nancy Klimas
| last5 = Broderick | first5 = G | authorlink5 = Gordon Broderick
| last6 = Mitchell | first6 = T | authorlink6 = Terry Mitchell
| last7 = Staines | first7 = D | authorlink7 = Donald Staines
| last8 = Powles | first8 = A C P | authorlink8 = A C Peter Powles
| last9 = Speight | first9 = N | authorlink9 = Nigel Speight
| last10 = Vallings | first10 = R | authorlink10 = Rosamund Vallings
| last11 = Bateman | first11 = L | authorlink11 = Lucinda Bateman
| last12 = Baumgarten-Austrheim| first12 = B | authorlink12 = Barbara Baumgarten-Austrheim
| last13 = Bell | first13 = DS | authorlink13 = David Bell
| last14 = Carlo-Stella | first14 = N | authorlink14 = Nicoletta Carlo-Stella
| last15 = Chia | first15 = J | authorlink15 = John Chia
| last16 = Darragh | first16 = A | authorlink16 = Austin Darragh
| last17 = Jo | first17 = D | authorlink17 = Daehyun Jo
| last18 = Lewis | first18 = D | authorlink18 = Donald Lewis
| last19 = Light | first19 = A | authorlink19 = Alan Light
| last20 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first20 = S | authorlink20 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
| last21 = Mena | first21 = I | authorlink21 = Ismael Mena
| last22 = Mikovits | first22 = JA | authorlink22 = Judy Mikovits
| last23 = Miwa | first23 = K | authorlink23 = Kunihisa Miwa
| last24 = Murovska | first24 = M | authorlink24 = Modra Murovska
| last25 = Pall | first25 = ML | authorlink25 = Martin Pall
| last26 = Stevens | first26 = S | authorlink26 = Staci Stevens
| title = Myalgic encephalomyelitis: International Consensus Criteria.
| journal = Journal of Internal Medicine | volume = 270 | issue = 4 | page = 327-38
| date = 2011
| pmid = 21777306
| doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02428.x
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Höck, 2011">
{{Citation
| last1 = Höck | first1 = Anna Dorothea | authorlink1 = Anna Dorothea Höck
| last2 = Pall | first2 = Martin L. | authorlink2 = Martin Pall
| title = Will vitamin D supplementation ameliorate diseases characterized by chronic inflammation and fatigue?
| journal = Medical Hypotheses | volume = 76 | issue = 2 | page = 208-13
| date = 2011
| pmid = 20980105
| doi = 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.09.032
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Pall, 2000a">
{{Citation
| last1 = Pall | first1 = Martin | authorlink1 = Martin Pall
| title = Elevated, sustained peroxynitrite levels as the cause of chronic fatigue syndrome
| journal = Medical Hypotheses | volume = 54 | issue = 1 | page = 115-125
| date = 2000
| pmid = 10790736
| doi = 10.1054/mehy.1998.0825
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Pall, 2000b">
{{Citation
| last1 = Pall | first1 = Martin | authorlink1 = Martin Pall
| title = Cobalamin Used in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Therapy Is a Nitric Oxide Scavenger
| journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 8 | issue = 2 | page = 39-44
| date = 2000
| doi = 10.1300/J092v08n02_04
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Pall, 2007">{{citation
| author = Pall, Matin L.
| title = Explaining 'Unexplained Illnesses': Disease Paradigm for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, Fibromyalgia, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Gulf War Syndrome
| type = book
| date = 2007
| ISBN = 978-0789023889
}}</ref>
</references>
[[Category:Researchers]]
[[Category:USA researchers]]
[[Category:People with ME, CFS, and/or FMS]]
[[Category:Authors]]

Cell membrane

2017-08-15T18:21:39Z

Samsara:formatting

The cell membrane separates the interior of cells from the housed environment. In humans and all eukaryotes, cell membranes are composed of a [[phospholipid]] bilayer. This allows membranes to be selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and control their movement in and out of cells.

Cell membranes are involved in cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signaling.

==See also==
*[[Fatty acid]]
*[[Eicosanoid]]

==References==
<references>

</references>
[[Category:Biochemistry and cell biology]]

Carcinoma

2017-08-15T18:20:51Z

Samsara:+stub

{{stub}}
A '''carcinoma''' is a type of cancer that develops from [[epithelial]] cells.

[[Category:Disease]]

Miriam Defensor Santiago

2017-08-15T18:19:50Z

Samsara:formatting

'''Miriam Defensor Santiago''' (15 June 1945 — 29 September 2016) was a Senator in the Philippines. She was diagnosed with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (CFS) in 2008, forcing her to take a leave of absence from the Senate. She complained of dizziness, nausea, and an irregular heartbeat prior to being diagnosed with [[CFS]].<ref>http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/159268/news/nation/miriam-doh-must-attend-to-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-problem#sthash.8MgBzilz.dpuf</ref> During her political career she served as the presiding judge of the Quezon City Regional Trial Court; the immigration commissioner, agrarian reform secretary; and a senator for three terms or from 1995 to 2001 and 2004 to 2016. Santiago was the first Filipino to be elected as judge of the International Criminal Court (ICC), based in The Hague, Netherlands, in 2011. She resigned her post in 2014 because of a relapse of [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]. During her resignation statement, she said: "Since I was elected in December 2011, I have secured neither alleviation nor treatment from the medical profession for my illness, known as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.”<ref>http://www.rappler.com/nation/59531-miriam-resigns-icc-judge</ref>

In 1998, she was honored with winning the Asian equivalent of the Nobel Prize, the Magsaysay Award for Government Service. She authored many books on law and social science.<ref>http://www.balita.com/miriam-defensor-santiago-passes-away/</ref>

While serving as a Senator she filed Senate Bill 3195, which tasked the Philippine Department of Health and the Philippine Information Agency (PIA) to carry out a national campaign to increase public awareness and knowledge of [[chronic fatigue syndrome]].<ref>http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/159268/news/nation/miriam-doh-must-attend-to-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-problem#sthash.8MgBzilz.dpuf</ref>

Santiago died 29 September 2016 of lung cancer at the age of 71.<ref>http://www.balita.com/miriam-defensor-santiago-passes-away/</ref>

==Republic of the Philippines Senate Bill 3195==
*[https://www.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/109549705!.pdf Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Awareness Act of 2009]

==Talks and interviews==

==Articles==
*2016, [http://www.balita.com/miriam-defensor-santiago-passes-away/ Obituary]
*2013, [http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/449127/get-lots-of-sun-docs-advise-always-tired-senator-santiago ''Get lots of sun, docs advise always-tired Senator Santiago'']
*2009, [http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/159268/news/nation/miriam-doh-must-attend-to-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-problem ''Miriam: DOH must attend to chronic fatigue syndrome problem'']
*2009, [https://www.facebook.com/MDS2016/posts/1776111112678295?comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22O%22%7D Santiago skips dinner with President Macapagal Arroyo which she attributed to her chronic fatigue syndrome condition, "which she jested, made her a cranky person in the late hours."]

==Learn more==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago Wikipedia]

==See also==

==References==
<references>
</references>

[[Category:People with ME, CFS, and/or FMS]] [[Category:Famous people with ME, CFS, and/or FMS]][[Category:Filipino famous people with ME, CFS, and/or FMS]]

Cholestyramine

2017-08-15T18:19:10Z

Samsara:formatting

'''Cholestyramine''' also called '''Colestyramine''' is a prescription medication used to treat high cholesterol levels. It works by binding to the body's bile salts and removing them. The body then removes cholesterol from the blood to replace the removed bile salts, thus lowering the total amount of circulating cholesterol.<ref>https://www.drugs.com/cdi/cholestyramine-powder.html</ref>

==Detoxification==
Cholestyramine is used in detoxification programs because it has been shown to bind and eliminate fat-soluble biotoxins via the gastrointestinal tract. A common side effect is constipation.<ref>https://selfhacked.com/2016/06/17/11-proven-uses-cholestyramine-csm-6-things-watch/</ref>

==Learn more==
*https://selfhacked.com/2016/06/17/11-proven-uses-cholestyramine-csm-6-things-watch/

== See also ==
*[[Metabolic detoxification]]

==References==
<references>

</references>

[[Category:Detoxification]] [[Category:Potential treatments]]

Morris Papernik

2017-08-15T18:18:54Z

Samsara:formatting

[[File:Morris Papernik.png|200px|thumb|right|Source:ProHealth Physicians]]
'''Morris Papernik''', MD, is a Internal Medicine physician and Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine at UConn, Yale and Quinnipiac, Connecticut. He practices at ProHealth Physicians of Glastonbury, Connecticut and has a special interest in treating patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[fibromyalgia]], [[diabetes]], hypertension, cholesterol, [[sleep dysfunction|sleep disorders]], [[Headache|headaches]] and osteoporosis.<ref>https://www.prohealthmd.com/phpglastonbury/content/meet-our-team</ref>

==Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee==
Papernik served as a voting member of the [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]] from 12/01/05 to 01/03/10.<ref name="Nov, 2006"/><ref name="Spring, 2009"/>

==Notable studies==
*2007, [[Q fever]] in an American tourist returned from Australia<ref>Cohen, Nicole J., Morris Papernik, Joseph Singleton, John Segreti, Marina E. Eremeeva. (2007). Q fever in an American tourist returned from Australia. ''Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease'', Volume 5 , Issue 3 , 194 - 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2006.09.002</ref>
*2007, Non-pharmacologic interventions for [[CFS]]: a randomized trial<ref>[[Leonard Jason|Jason LA]], [[Susan Torres-Harding|Torres-Harding S]], [[Fred Friedberg|Friedberg F]], Corradi K, Njoku MG, Donalek J, Reynolds N, [[Molly Brown|Brown M]], Weitner BB, Rademaker A, Papernik M. Non-pharmacologic interventions for CFS: a randomized trial. ''Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings ''. 2007;14:275–296.</ref>
*1998, Estimating the prevalence of [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] among nurses <blockquote> '''Abstract''' - The present study assessed the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in a sample of nurses. There is a paucity of studies on the prevalence of CFS in healthcare professionals. Two samples of nurses were recruited through mailed questionnaires. Data were collected on demographic characteristics and symptoms. In addition from the sample, those nurses with CFS-like symptoms were more comprehensively evaluated using a structured clinical interview and reviewing their medical records. A physician review team estimated the prevalence of CFS to be 1,088 per 100,000. These findings suggest that nurses might represent a high-risk group for this illness, possibly due to occupational stressors such as exposure to viruses in the work setting, stressful shift work that is disruptive to biologic rhythms, or to other possible stressors in the work settings (e.g., accidents).<ref name="Jason, Wagner, 1998"/> <blockquote>
*1995, Estimating rates of [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] from a community-based sample: a pilot study <blockquote> '''Abstract''' - Most of the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) epidemiological studies have relied on physicians who refer patients having at least 6 months of chronic fatigue and other symptoms. However, there are a number of potential problems when using this method to derive prevalence statistics. For example, some individuals with CFS might not have the economic resources to access medical care. Other individuals with CFS might be reluctant to use medical personnel, particularly if they have encountered physicians skeptical of the authenticity of their illness. In addition, physicians that are skeptical of the existence of CFS might not identify cases. In the present pilot study, a random community sample (N=1,031) was interviewed by telephone in order to identify and comprehensively evaluate individuals with symptoms of CFS and those who self-report having CFS. Different definitions of CFS were employed, and higher rates (0.2%) of CFS were found than in previous studies. Methodological benefits in using more rigorous epidemiological methods when estimating CFS prevalence rates are discussed.<ref name="Jason, Taylor, 1995"/></blockquote>

==Clinic location==
:ProHealth Physicians of Glastonbury
:320 Western Blvd., Suite 104
:Glastonbury, CT 06033

==Talks and interviews==
*2010, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l3iNEvNLGGY Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) Interview with Dr. Morris Papernick]

==Online presence==
*[https://www.prohealthmd.com/phpglastonbury/ ProHealth Physicians of Glastonbury Website]

==Learn more==

==See also==
*[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]

==References==
<references>
<ref name="Jason, Taylor, 1995">
{{Citation
| last1 = Jason | first1 = Leonard A | authorlink1 = Leonard Jason
| last2 = Taylor | first2 = Renee R | authorlink2 = Renee Taylor
| last3 = Wagner | first3 = Lynne | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Holden | first4 = Jay | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Ferrari | first5 = Joseph R | authorlink5 =
| last6 = Plioplys | first6 = Audrius V | authorlink6 =
| last7 = Plioplys | first7 = Sigita | authorlink7 =
| last8 = Lipkin | first8 = David | authorlink8 =
| last9 = Papernik | first9 = Morris | authorlink9 = Morris Papernik
| title = Estimating rates of chronic fatigue syndrome from a community-based sample: A pilot study
| journal = American Journal of Community Psychology | volume = 23 | issue = 4 | page = 557–568
| date = 1995
| pmid = 8546110
| doi = 10.1007/BF02506968
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Jason, Wagner, 1998">
{{Citation
| last1 = Jason | first1 = LA | authorlink1 = Leonard Jason
| last2 = Wagner | first2 = L | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Rosenthal | first3 = S | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Goodlatte | first4 = J | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Lipkin | first5 = D | authorlink5 =
| last6 = Papernik | first6 = M | authorlink6 = Morris Papernik
| last7 = Plioplys | first7 = S | authorlink7 =
| last8 = Plioplys | first8 = AV | authorlink8 =
| title = Estimating the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome among nurses
| journal = American Journal of Medicine | volume = 105 | issue = 3A | page = 91S-93S.
| date = 1998
| pmid = 9790488
| doi =
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Nov, 2006">{{citation
| author = HHS.gov
| title = Nov 20 & 21, 2006 CFSAC Meeting
| type = Minutes
| date = 2006
| url = http://wayback.archive-it.org/3919/20140324192930/http://www.hhs.gov/advcomcfs/meetings/minutes/cfsac061120min_pdf.pdf
}}</ref>
<ref name="Spring, 2009">{{citation
| author = HHS.gov
| title = May 27 & 28, 2009 CFSAC Meeting
| type = Roster
| date = 2009
| url = http://wayback.archive-it.org/3919/20140324192913/http://www.hhs.gov/advcomcfs/meetings/minutes/cfsac052709min.pdf
}}</ref>
</references>

[[Category:Researchers]]
[[Category:USA researchers]]
[[Category:Clinicians]]
[[Category:American clinicians]]
[[Category:Connecticut clinicians]]
[[Category:CFSAC members]]

Bruce Levin

2017-08-15T18:18:35Z

Samsara:formatting

[[File:Bruce Levin.png|thumb|Source: mailman.columbia.edu]]
Dr. '''Bruce Levin''' is a Biostatistic Professor [https://www.mailman.columbia.edu/people/our-faculty/bl6 at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health.]

==Education==
* PhD, 1974, Harvard University
* MA, 1972, Harvard University
* BA, 1968, Columbia College

== Open letters ==
Professor Levin joined other Professors writing:
----

'''TO:''' Dr. [[Richard Horton]], Editor [[The Lancet]] FROM: Six Professors RE: Retraction of [[PACE trial]] Paper DATE: August 13, 2015<ref>[http://www.virology.ws/2015/11/13/an-open-letter-to-dr-richard-horton-and-the-lancet/ TO: Dr. Richard Horton, Editor The Lancet FROM: Six Professors RE: Retraction of PACE trial Paper DATE: August 13, 2015]</ref>

----

'''TO:''' Mr. Paul Smallcombe, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Mary,_University_of_London QMUL] FROM: [[Ronald Davis]], Bruce Levin & [[Vincent Racaniello]] PhD's and [[David Tuller]], DrPH RE: Request for [[PACE trial]] Data DATE: December, 17, 2015<ref>[http://www.virology.ws/2015/12/17/a-request-for-data-from-the-pace-trial/ TO: Mr. Paul Smallcombe, QMUL FROM: Davis, Levin & Racaniello PhD's and Tuller, DrPH RE: Request for PACE Trial Data DATE: December, 17, 2015 ]</ref>

----
==Studies==
*2012, A Multicenter Blinded Analysis Indicates No Association between Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and either Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus or Polytropic Murine Leukemia Virus [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3448165/ (FULL TEXT)]<ref name="Alter, et al, 2012"/>

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="Alter, et al, 2012">
{{Citation
| last1 = Alter | first1 = Harvey J. | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Mikovits | first2 = Judy A. | authorlink2 = Judy Mikovits
| last3 = Switzer | first3 = William M. | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Ruscetti | first4 = Francis W. | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Lo | first5 = Shyh-Ching | authorlink5 =
| last6 = Klimas | first6 = Nancy | authorlink6 = Nancy Klimas
| last7 = Komaroff | first7 = Anthony L. | authorlink7 = Anthony Komaroff
| last8 = Montoya | first8 = Jose G. | authorlink8 = Jose Montoya
| last9 = Bateman | first9 = Lucinda | authorlink9 = Lucinda Bateman
| last10 = Levine | first10 = Susan | authorlink10 = Susan Levine
| last11 = Peterson | first11 = Daniel | authorlink11 = Daniel Peterson
| last12 = Levin | first12 = Bruce | authorlink12 = Bruce Levin
| last13 = Hanson | first13 = Maureen R. | authorlink13 = Maureen Hanson
| last14 = Genfi | first14 = Afia | authorlink14 =
| last15 = Bhat | first15 = Meera | authorlink15 =
| last16 = Zheng | first16 = HaoQiang | authorlink16 =
| last17 = Wang | first17 = Richard | authorlink17 =
| last18 = Li | first18 = Bingjie | authorlink18 =
| last19 = Hung | first19 = Guo-Chiuan | authorlink19 =
| last20 = Lee | first20 = Li Ling | authorlink20 =
| last21 = Sameroff | first21 = Stephen | authorlink21 =
| last22 = Heneine | first22 = Walid | authorlink22 =
| last23 = Coffin | first23 = John | authorlink23 =
| last24 = Hornig | first24 = Mady | authorlink24 = Mady Hornig
| last25 = Lipkin | first25 = W. Ian | authorlink25 = Ian Lipkin
| title = A Multicenter Blinded Analysis Indicates No Association between Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and either Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus or Polytropic Murine Leukemia Virus
| journal = mBio | volume = 3 | issue = 5 | page = e00266–12
| date = 2012
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1128/mBio.00266-12
}}
</ref>
</references>
[[Category:Statisticians]][[Category:Psychological paradigm critics]][[Category:PACE trial critics]]

Charité Berlin

2017-08-15T18:17:57Z

Samsara:+stub

{{stub}}
'''Charité Berlin''' is a German research group.

==Notable people==
*[[Carmen Scheibenbogen]]

==Notable studies==

==Funding==
*[http://www.lost-voices-stiftung.org/crowdfunding-forschung-me-cfs/ Fundraising-Projekt der Lost Voices Stiftung]

==Online presence==
*[http://www.charite.de/en/ Website]
*Institution
*Twitter
*Facebook
*YouTube

==See also==

==References==
<references>
</references>

[[Category:Research initiatives]]
[[Category:German research initiatives]]

Charité Berlin

2017-08-15T18:17:36Z

Samsara:formatting

'''Charité Berlin''' is a German research group.

==Notable people==
*[[Carmen Scheibenbogen]]

==Notable studies==

==Funding==
*[http://www.lost-voices-stiftung.org/crowdfunding-forschung-me-cfs/ Fundraising-Projekt der Lost Voices Stiftung]

==Online presence==
*[http://www.charite.de/en/ Website]
*Institution
*Twitter
*Facebook
*YouTube

==See also==

==References==
<references>
</references>

[[Category:Research initiatives]]
[[Category:German research initiatives]]

Elin Strand

2017-08-15T18:17:00Z

Samsara:formatting

'''Elin Bolle Strand''', PhD, is a research psychologist and leads the [[CFS]]/[[ME]] Centre at Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, [[Norway]].<ref>http://ous-research.no/home/dgm/ME%20CFS%20staff/12934</ref> Dr. Strand frequently participates in international studies on [[Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]/[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] with Dr. [[Leonard Jason]] (USA) and Dr. [[Julia Newton]] (UK).

==Notable studies==
*2017, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on CFS/ME<blockquote>'''Abstract''' - '''Objective''': [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]/[[Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]] (CFS/ME) is a chronic, complex, multi-faceted condition characterized by extreme fatigue and other symptoms that are not improved by rest. The etiology and pathogenesis remain unknown; there are no laboratory diagnostic tests; and so far there are no known cures. The condition results in severe impairment in daily functioning. CFS/ME is poorly accepted and poorly understood, and the diagnosis is controversial. Knowledge about the condition is scarce, and many patients have experienced misbelief. '''Methods''': Making the diagnosis is essential for providing appropriate care. The Ministry of Health and Care Services decided to establish a National Advisory Unit on CFS/ME in 2011, and the Advisory Unit was established at Oslo University Hospital (OUS) in 2012. It is based in the Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine. The National Advisory Unit has representatives from the multidisciplinary medical clinic for adults with suspected CFS/ME and from the multidisciplinary team at the Department of Clinical Neurosciences for Children, OUS. '''Results''': The National Advisory Unit has the following responsibilities within its field: i) To build and disseminate competence; ii) To monitor and communicate treatment outcomes; iii) To participate in research and the establishment of research networks; iv) To contribute to relevant teaching; v) To ensure the provision of guidance and the dissemination of knowledge and competence to the health services, other service providers and clients; vi) To implement measures to ensure equal access to national services; vii) To contribute to the implementation of national guidelines and evidence-based practice. The National Advisory Unit on CFS/ME has aided The Ministry of Health and Care Services in making National Guidelines for diagnoses and management of CFS/ME. '''Conclusion:''' By establishing a National Advisory Unit on CFS/ME, the diagnosis CFS/ME has been established and knowledge about the disease has increased.<ref name="Helland, 2017"/><blockquote>
*2017, Clinical criteria versus a possible research case definition in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis<ref name="Jason, McM, 2017"/>
*2017, Effectiveness of a group-based self-management program for people with chronic fatigue syndrome: A randomized controlled trial <ref name="Pinxsterhuis, 2017"/>
*2016, Assessing current functioning as a measure of significant reduction in activity level<blockquote>'''Abstract - Background:''' [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis]] and [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] have case definitions with varying criteria, but almost all criteria require an individual to have a substantial reduction in activity level. Unfortunately, a consensus has not been reached regarding what constitutes substantial reductions. One measure that has been used to measure substantial reduction is the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form-36 Health Survey ([[SF-36]]). '''Purpose:''' The current study examined the relationship between the [[SF-36]], a measure of current functioning, and a self-report measure of the percent reduction in hours spent on activities. '''Results:''' Findings indicated that select subscales of the [[SF-36]] accurately measure significant reductions in functioning. Further, this measure significantly differentiates patients from controls. '''Conclusion:''' Determining what constitutes a significant reduction in activity is difficult because it is subjective to the individual. However, certain subscales of the SF-36 could provide a uniform way to accurately measure and define substantial reductions in functioning."<ref name="Thorpe, 2016"/></blockquote>
*2016, The Relationship between Age and Illness Duration in [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] <blockquote>'''Abstract:''' [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]] ([[CFS]]) is a debilitating illness, but it is unclear if patient age and illness duration might affect symptoms and functioning of patients. In the current study, participants were categorized into four groups based upon age (under or over age 55) and illness duration (more or less than 10 years). The groups were compared on functioning and symptoms. Findings indicated that those who were older with a longer illness duration had significantly higher levels of mental health functioning than those who were younger with a shorter or longer illness duration and the older group with a shorter illness duration. The results suggest that older patients with an illness duration of over 10 years have significantly higher levels of mental health functioning than the three other groups. For symptoms, the younger/longer illness duration group had significantly worse immune and autonomic domains than the older/longer illness group. In addition, the younger patients with a longer illness duration displayed greater autonomic and immune symptoms in comparison to the older group with a longer illness duration. These findings suggest that both age and illness duration need to be considered when trying to understand the influence of these factors on patients.<ref name="Kidd, 2016"/></blockquote>
*2015, Comparing and Contrasting Consensus versus Empirical Domains<ref name="Jason, Kot, 2015"/>
*2015, Examining the Institute of Medicine's Recommendations Regarding Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Clinical Versus Research Criteria<ref>Jason LA, McManimen S, Sunnquist M, Brown A, Newton JL, Strand EB (2015) J Neurol Psychol, 2015 (Suppl 2); PubMed 27595126</ref>
*2015, Factor Analysis of the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire: Identifying Core Domains<ref>Jason LA, Sunnquist M, Brown A, Furst J, Cid M, Farietta J, Kot B, Bloomer C, Nicholson L, Williams Y, Jantke R, Newton JL, Strand EB (2015) J Neurol Neurobiol, 1 (4); PubMed 27088131</ref>
*2015, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome versus Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease<ref name="Jason, Sunn, 2015"/>
*2015, From chaos and insecurity to understanding and coping: experienced benefits of a group-based education programme for people with chronic fatigue syndrome<ref>Pinxsterhuis I, Strand EB, Stormorken E, Sveen U (2015) Brit. J. Guid. Couns., 43 (4), 463-475</ref>
*2015, Coping with chronic fatigue syndrome: a review and synthesis of qualitative studies. [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21641846.2015.1035519 Abstract]<ref name="PinxsterhuisI, 2015"/>
*2015, Factor Analysis of the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire: Identifying Core Domains [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4830389/ (FULL TEXT)]<ref>Leonard A. Jason, Madison Sunnquist, Abigail Brown, Jacob Furst, Marjoe Cid, Jillianna Farietta, Bobby Kot, Craig Bloomer, Laura Nicholson, Yolonda Williams, Rachel Jantke, Julia L. Newton, and Elin Bolle Strand (2015). Factor Analysis of the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire: Identifying Core Domains. Journal of Neurology and Neurobiology, 1(4), 10.16966/2379–7150.114.</ref>

==See also==
*[[Leonard Jason]]
*[[Julia Newton]]
*[[Norway]]

==References==
<references>
<ref name="Helland, 2017">
{{Citation
| last1 = Helland | first1 = I.B. | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Strand | first2 = Elin Bolle | authorlink2 = Elin Strand
| title = Norwegian National Advisory Unit on CFS/ME
| journal = European Journal of Paediatric Neurology | volume = 21 | issue = Suppl 1 | page = 3-55
| date = 2017
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1016/j.ejpn.2017.04.1072
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Jason, Kot, 2015">
{{Citation
| last1 = Jason | first1 = LA | authorlink1 = Leonard Jason
| last2 = Kot | first2 = B | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Sunnquist | first3 = M | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Brown | first4 = A | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Reed | first5 = J | authorlink5 =
| last6 = Furst | first6 = J | authorlink6 =
| last7 = Newton | first7 = JL | authorlink7 =
| last8 = Strand | first8 = EB | authorlink8 = Elin Strand
| last9 = Vernon | first9 = SD | authorlink9 = Suzanne Vernon
| title = Comparing and Contrasting Consensus versus Empirical Domains
| journal = Fatigue: biomedicine, health & behavior | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | page = 63-74
| date = 2015
| pmid = 26977374
| doi = 10.1080/21641846.2015.1017344
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Jason, McM, 2017">
{{Citation
| last1 = Jason | first1 = LA | authorlink1 = Leonard Jason
| last2 = McManimen | first2 = Stephanie | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Sunnquist | first3 = M | authorlink3 = Madison Sunnquist
| last4 = Newton | first4 = JL | authorlink4 = Julia Newton
| last5 = Strand | first5 = EB | authorlink5 = Elin Strand
| title = Clinical criteria versus a possible research case definition in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis
| journal = Fatigue: biomedicine, health & behavior | volume = | issue = | page =
| date = 2017
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1080/21641846.2017.1299077
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Jason, Sunn, 2015">
{{Citation
| last1 = Jason | first1 = L.A. | authorlink1 = Leonard Jason
| last2 = Sunnquist | first2 = M. | authorlink2 = Madison Sunnquist
| last3 = Brown | first3 = A. | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Newton | first4 = J.L. | authorlink4 = Julia Newton
| last5 = Strand | first5 = E.B. | authorlink5 = Elin Strand
| last6 = Vernon | first6 = S.D. | authorlink6 = Suzanne Vernon
| title = Chronic fatigue syndrome versus systemic exertion intolerance disease
| journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | page = 127-141
| date = 2015
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1080/21641846.2015.1051291
}}</ref>
<ref name="Kidd, 2016">
{{Citation
| last1 = Kidd | first1 = Elizabeth | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Brown | first2 = Abigail | authorlink2 =
| last3 = McManimen | first3 = Stephanie | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Jason | first4 = Leonard A. | authorlink4 = Leonard Jason
| last5 = Newton | first5 = Julia L. | authorlink5 = Julia Newton
| last6 = Strand | first6 = Elin B. | authorlink6 = Elin Strand
| title = The Relationship between Age and Illness Duration in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
| journal = Diagnostics | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | page = 16
| date = 2016
| doi = 10.3390/diagnostics6020016
}}
</ref>
<ref name="PinxsterhuisI, 2015">
{{Citation
| last1 = Pinxsterhuis | first1 = Irma | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Strand | first2 = Elin Bolle | authorlink2 = Elin Strand
| last3 = Sveen | first3 = Unni | authorlink3 =
| title = Coping with chronic fatigue syndrome: a review and synthesis of qualitative studies.
| journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | page = 173-188
| date = 2015
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1080/21641846.2015.1035519
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Pinxsterhuis, 2017">
{{Citation
| last1 = Pinxsterhuis | first1 = Irma | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Sandvik | first2 = Leiv | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Strand | first3 = Elin Bolle | authorlink3 = Elin Strand
| last4 = Bautz-Holter | first4 = Erik | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Sveen | first5 = Unni | authorlink5 =
| title = Effectiveness of a group-based self-management program for people with chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
| journal = Clinical Rehabilitation | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | page = 93-103
| date = 2015
| pmid = 26672998
| doi = 10.1177/0269215515621362
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Thorpe, 2016">
{{Citation
| last1 = Thorpe | first1 = Taylor | authorlink1 =
| last2 = McManimena | first2 = Stephanie | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Gleasona | first3 = Kristen | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Stoothoff | first4 = Jamie | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Newton | first5 = Julia L. | authorlink5 = Julia Newton
| last6 = Strand | first6 = Elin Bolle | authorlink6 = Elin Strand
| last7 = Jason | first7 = Leonard A. | authorlink7 = Leonard Jason
| title = Assessing current functioning as a measure of significant reduction in activity level
| journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior | volume = 4 | issue = 3 | page = 175-188
| date = 2016
| doi = 10.1080/21641846.2016.1206176
}}
</ref>
</references>

[[Category:Researchers]] [[Category:Norway researchers]]

Justin Noble

2017-08-15T18:16:27Z

Samsara:formatting

'''Justin Arthur Noble''' was born September 24, 1985 to Stuart and Susan Noble. A resident of Richmond, British Columbia, he was an avid hockey player up until he contracted [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] (ME).

In 2014, Justin contracted a severe case of [[ME]] preventing him from working or participating in any of the physical activities he enjoyed, such as hockey or fishing. His severe ME meant that he stayed at home in a darkened room with his mother and father as his primary caregivers.

Justin saw many physicians, but none were able to help. He struggled on a daily basis with the illness, often stating that he could not accept the fact that he was so ill.

Justin passed away on October 13, 2016 at the age of 31.

==Justin Noble ME/CFS Research Internship==
Justin's family, with the help of the [[Open Medicine Foundation]], set up the [http://www.meaction.net/2017/01/03/apply-for-the-justin-noble-internship-through-omf/ Justin Noble ME/CFS Research Internship] in order to advance lagging research into the debilitating illness that took Justin's life. The Justin Noble Research Internship is a three-month, paid internship for students with a STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) background to do labwork at the Stanford Genome Technology Center to help discover the cure for [[ME]].

Donations to the [[Open Medicine Foundation]] can be made in Justin's name to go towards this internship.

==Learn more==
*[http://www.openmedicinefoundation.org/justin-noble-research-internship/ Announcing the Justin Noble ME/CFS Research Internship]
*[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/theprovince/obituary.aspx?pid=182058576 Obituary]
*[https://www.facebook.com/groups/320560404966111/ In Memory of Justin facebook page]

==See also==
*[[Open Medicine Foundation]]

==References==
<references>
</references>

[[Category:People with ME, CFS, and/or FMS]]

Catherine Hale

2017-08-15T18:15:23Z

Samsara:formatting

[[File:Catherine Hale.png|thumb|Source: www.centreforwelfarereform.org]]
'''Catherine Hale''' writes about welfare and social/care issues related to [[ME]]. She resides in Lewisham, a borough of London, UK. <ref>https://www.blogger.com/profile/18404235448808729042</ref> As a member of the Spartacus Network (an informal community of sick and disabled people who research and write reports on social security) she produced a report that assessed how disabled people have fared under the Employment and Support Allowance and its original agenda for social inclusion.<ref>http://www.centreforwelfarereform.org/who-we-are/fellows/catherine-hale.html</ref> She is a voluntary Policy Research Officer for [[Action for ME]].<ref>http://limitedcapability.blogspot.com/</ref>

==Online presence==
*[[Limited Capability]] blog
*[https://twitter.com/octoberpoppy Twitter]
*[http://www.centreforwelfarereform.org/who-we-are/fellows/catherine-hale.html Centre for Welfare Reform Fellow page]

==References==
<references>

</references>

[[Category:People with ME, CFS, and/or FMS]]

Jennie Spotila

2017-08-15T18:14:25Z

Samsara:formatting

'''Jennie Spotila''' has been living with [[ME/CFS]] since 1994 and is an advocate who previously practiced law. She blogs at ''[[Occupy M.E.]]'' She served on the Board of Directors of The CFIDS Association of America (now called [[Solve ME/CFS Initiative]]) from 2006 to 2011, and as Chairman in 2008 and 2009. She has testified before the [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]] on multiple occasions.<ref>http://www.occupycfs.com/about-me/</ref>

==HHS/CFSAC testimony==
*[http://www.hhs.gov/advcomcfs/meetings/presentations/2015-08-public-comment-spotila.html Public Comment for August 2015 meeting]
*[http://www.hhs.gov/advcomcfs/meetings/presentations/1214-jennifer-spotila.pdf Public Comment for December 2014 meeting]
*[http://www.hhs.gov/advcomcfs/meetings/presentations/0614-jennifer-spotila.pdf Public Comment for June 2014 meeting]
*[https://wayback.archive-it.org/3919/20140324193141/http://www.hhs.gov/advcomcfs/meetings/presentations/jennifer-spotila.pdf Public Comment for December 2013 meeting]
*[https://wayback.archive-it.org/3919/20140324192841/http://www.hhs.gov/advcomcfs/meetings/presentations/05222013.html Public Comment for May 2013 meeting]
*[https://wayback.archive-it.org/3919/20140324193534/http://www.hhs.gov/advcomcfs/meetings/presentations/publictestimony_201105_spotila.pdf Written testimony for May 2011 meeting]
*[http://www.hhs.gov/advcomcfs/meetings/presentations/testimony_10122010_jenniferspotila.pdf Public Comment for September 2010 meeting]
*[http://www.hhs.gov/advcomcfs/meetings/presentations/cfsac_testimony_may10th_jennifer_spotila.pdf Public Comment for April 2010 meeting]
*[https://wayback.archive-it.org/3919/20140324194804/http://www.hhs.gov/advcomcfs/meetings/presentations/spotila_0509.pdf Public Comment for May 2009 meeting]

==Online presence==
*[http://www.occupyme.net/about-me/ Occupy M.E. Blog]
*[https://twitter.com/knittahknits Twitter]
*[https://www.facebook.com/jspotila?fref=nf Facebook]

==References==
[[Category:People with ME, CFS, and/or FMS]] [[Category:Advocates or allies]][[Category:American advocates or allies]][[Category:Attorneys]]

1984 Chapel Hill outbreak

2017-08-15T18:13:56Z

Samsara:formatting

==Newspaper accounts==

"In the mid-1980s, chronic fatigue syndrome was first identified as a cluster of symptoms in clusters of patients in a few spots in the United States. Dr. [[Charles Lapp]], then a family physician in Raleigh, N.C., ''identified one such outbreak among all the members of the N.C. Symphony Orchestra.'' [emphasis added] Seven remained ill with chronic fatigue [at the time this article was written in 2009].

'Patients started coming to me with persistent flulike symptoms,' said Lapp, now medical director of Hunter-Hopkins Center in Charlotte, N.C. 'They would work one day and have to sleep for two. Perfectly well-adjusted people became disabled almost overnight.'

By the time Lapp notified the federal [[Centers for Disease Control & Prevention]] about his findings, the agency had heard similar stories from Lake Tahoe and Rochester, N.Y."<ref>[http://newsok.com/article/3366622 "Cause of illness remains unknown,"
By Karen Garloch Published: The Oklahoman, May 5, 2009]</ref>

==Medical texts==

"... a series of studies at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Center focused on an apparent outbreak of a fatiguing illness involving members of a symphony orchestra in North Carolina (Grufferman et al.,1988; Eby et al., 1989). The studies documented four cases of cancer (B-cell non-Hodgkins's lymphoma, glioblastoma multiforme, acinic cell carcinoma, and breast cancer) among the orchestra members and close contacts. The cancer cases had lower levels of activity, as compared to controls, of activity of natural killer cells, a set of white blood cells that can directly kill cancer cells." <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=pZKvejG4VngC&dq=Epidemic+++amongst+++members+++of++The++North+++Carolina+++Symphony++Orchestra.&source=gbs_navlinks_s "Medical Etiology, Assessment, and Treatment of Chronic Fatigue and Malaise," by [[Roberto Patarca-Montero]], published by CRC Press, Oct 29, 2004, pp 83-84.]</ref>

==See also==

*[[List of outbreaks]]

==References==

[[Category:Outbreaks]][[Category:History]]

Abhijit Chaudhuri

2017-08-15T18:12:50Z

Samsara:formatting

[[File:Abhijit Chaudhuri.png|200px|thumb|right|Source:www.nuffieldhealth.com]]
'''Abhijit Chaudhuri''', DM, MD, PhD (Glas), FACP(USA), FRCP(Glas), FRCP(Lon), is a Consultant Neurologist at Queen’s Hospital, Essex Centre of Neurological Sciences since 2005 and was clinical director 2010-2011. He held the posts of Honorary consultant neurologist in South Glasgow University Hospitals NHS Trust (2000-2005) and Honorary Senior Lecturer in Clinical Neuroscience, Glasgow University. His subspecialties are neuroimmunology and neurological infections, with a particular interest in Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and Post-viral Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.<ref>https://www.nuffieldhealth.com/consultants/dr-abhijit-chaudhuri</ref>

Dr. Chaudhuri examined spinal tissue from [[Sophia Mirza]] prior to the inquest into her death. He worked with Dominic O’Donovan, a neuropathologist at Oldchurch Hospital in Romford, UK, on Sophia’s case. He stated that the changes to her spinal cord may have resulted in symptoms of chronic fatigue. “Sophia’s case sheds light on CFS because there were changes in her dorsal ganglia – the gatekeepers to sensation in the brain – and we know that fatigue depends on sensory perception,” he says. “What we need to understand is what happens that makes fatigue more persistent, without there being an obvious systemic disturbance.”<ref>Hooper, R. (2006, June). First official UK death from chronic fatigue syndrome. ''New Scientist''. Retrieved from https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9342-first-official-uk-death-from-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/</ref>

==Books==
*2016, [http://www.meassociation.org.uk/shop/books/mecfspvfs-an-exploration-of-the-key-clinical-issues/ ''ME/CFS/PVFS: An Exploration of Key Clinical Issues''], co-authored with Dr [[Charles Shepherd]], updated edition. Referred to as "MEA's Purple Booklet," the book was originally published in 2001 and periodically updated to be used as a resource for health professionals.<ref>Shepherd, Charles, Dr., and Abhijit Chaudhuri, Dr. ME/CFS/PVFS: An Exploration of the Key Clinical Issues. Gawcott, Bucks: ME Association, 2016. Print.</ref>

==Notable studies==
*2009, A gene signature for post-infectious chronic fatigue syndrome [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2716361/ (FULL TEXT)]<ref>Gow, J. W., Hagan, S., Herzyk, P., Cannon, C., Behan, P. O., & Chaudhuri, A. (2009). A gene signature for post-infectious chronic fatigue syndrome. BMC Medical Genomics, 2, 38. http://doi.org/10.1186/1755-8794-2-38</ref>
*2004, Exercise lowers pain threshold in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]<blockquote> '''Abstract''' - Post-exertional muscle pain is an important reason for disability in patients who are diagnosed to have [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] ([[CFS]]). We compared changes in pain threshold in five [[CFS]] patients with five age and sex matched controls following graded exercise. Pain thresholds, measured in the skin web between thumb and index finger, increased in control subjects with exercise while it decreased in the [[CFS]] subjects. Increased perception of pain and/or fatigue after exercise may be indicative of a dysfunction of the central anti-nociceptive mechanism in [[CFS]] patients.<ref name="Whiteside, 2004"/></blockquote>
*1997, Possible Cell Membrane Transport Defect in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome?<ref>W.S. Watson, G.T. McCreath, A. Chaudhuri & P.O. Behan. (1997). Possible Cell Membrane Transport Defect in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome? ''Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome,'' Vol. 3, Iss. 3, pp1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v03n03_01</ref>
*1997, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Disorder of Central Cholinergic Transmission<ref>A. Chaudhuri, T. Majeed, T. Dinan, and P. O. Behan. (1997). Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Disorder of Central Cholinergic Transmission. ''Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome,'' Vol. 3, Iss. 1, pp 3-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v03n01_02</ref>

==Talks and interviews==
*2007, Speaker at the 2nd [[Invest in ME International ME Conference]] on ''Pathology of ME/CFS''<ref>http://www.investinme.eu/IIMEC2.shtml#agenda</ref> [http://www.investinme.eu/IIMEC2.shtml#dvd DVD available]

==See also==
*[[Sophia Mirza]]
*[[Charles Shepherd]]

==References==
<references>
<ref name="Whiteside, 2004">
{{Citation
| last1 = Whiteside | first1 = Alan | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Hansen | first2 = Stig | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Chaudhuri | first3 = Abhijit | authorlink3 = Abhijit Chaudhuri
| title = Exercise lowers pain threshold in chronic fatigue syndrome
| journal = Pain | volume = 109 | issue = 3 | page = 497-9
| date = 2004
| pmid = 15157711
| doi = 10.1016/j.pain.2004.02.029
}}
</ref>
</references>
[[Category:Clinicians]] [[Category:British clinicians]][[Category:Researchers]][[Category:UK researchers]]

Linda Tannenbaum

2017-08-15T18:12:17Z

Samsara:formatting

[[File:Linda Tannenbaum.png|thumb|Source: LinkedIn]]
'''Linda Tannenbaum''' is the CEO/President at the [[Open Medicine Foundation]].<ref>http://www.openmedicinefoundation.org/about-us/omf-board/</ref> Her daughter lives with [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] ([[ME/CFS]]).

==Talks and interviews==
*Feb 2017, [[Chronic Fatigue: Missing Millions (Carte Blanche DSTV)]]
*Dec 2016, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8gznLSZSx1U&feature=youtu.be Norwegian ME Association Interviews Linda Tannenbaum on OMF Research]
*May 2016, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_7XmWcI3fE [[ME/CFS Alert]] Episode 79 - [[Llewelyn King]] interviews Linda Tannenbaum]
*Sept 2013, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FRXA2U7OS-4 Keynote Speaker at Fibromyalgia & Chronic Pain Awareness Event, Part 1 of 3] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6C81-Tuclqk Part 2 of 3] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtqKrHZKHt4 Part 3 of 3]
*May 2013, [http://www.investinme.eu/IIMEC8.shtml [[Invest in ME International ME Conference]] 2013 Pre-conference dinner speech]

==Online presence==
*[https://www.linkedin.com/in/lindatannenbaumomf LinkedIn]
*[http://www.openmedicinefoundation.org/about-us/omf-board/ Open Medicine Foundation Bio page]
*[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCllN7713X_guosqHjVrcQ2w Linda Tannenbaum YouTube Channel]

==Learn more==
*[http://cfspatientadvocate.blogspot.com/2013/05/linda-tannenbaum-at-investinme-2013.html [[CFS Patient Advocate]] blog about Linda Tannenbaum at [[Invest in ME]] 2013]

==See also==
*[[Open Medicine Foundation]]

==References==
<references>

</references>
[[Category:Advocates or allies]]
[[Category:American advocates or allies]]

Mady Hornig

2017-08-14T16:51:48Z

Samsara:/* Talks & interviews */ formatting

[[File:Mh2092 3 Mady Hornig2 0.jpg|upright|right]]
Professor '''Mady Hornig''' is a physician-scientist and Director of Translational Research at the [[Center for Infection and Immunity]] at the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health where she is also Associate Professor of Epidemiology.

==Notable studies==
*2017, Fecal metagenomic profiles in subgroups of patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome [https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-017-0261-y (FULL TEXT)]<blockquote> Abstract - Background: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is characterized by unexplained persistent fatigue, commonly accompanied by cognitive dysfunction, sleeping disturbances, orthostatic intolerance, fever, lymphadenopathy, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The extent to which the gastrointestinal microbiome and peripheral inflammation are associated with ME/CFS remains unclear. We pursued rigorous clinical characterization, fecal bacterial metagenomics, and plasma immune molecule analyses in 50 ME/CFS patients and 50 healthy controls frequency-matched for age, sex, race/ethnicity, geographic site, and season of sampling. Results: Topological analysis revealed associations between IBS co-morbidity, body mass index, fecal bacterial composition, and bacterial metabolic pathways but not plasma immune molecules. IBS co-morbidity was the strongest driving factor in the separation of topological networks based on bacterial profiles and metabolic pathways. Predictive selection models based on bacterial profiles supported findings from topological analyses indicating that ME/CFS subgroups, defined by IBS status, could be distinguished from control subjects with high predictive accuracy. Bacterial taxa predictive of ME/CFS patients with IBS were distinct from taxa associated with ME/CFS patients without IBS. Increased abundance of unclassified Alistipes and decreased Faecalibacterium emerged as the top biomarkers of ME/CFS with IBS; while increased unclassified Bacteroides abundance and decreased Bacteroides vulgatus were the top biomarkers of ME/CFS without IBS. Despite findings of differences in bacterial taxa and metabolic pathways defining ME/CFS subgroups, decreased metabolic pathways associated with unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and increased atrazine degradation pathways were independent of IBS co-morbidity. Increased vitamin B6 biosynthesis/salvage and pyrimidine ribonucleoside degradation were the top metabolic pathways in ME/CFS without IBS as well as in the total ME/CFS cohort. In ME/CFS subgroups, symptom severity measures including pain, fatigue, and reduced motivation were correlated with the abundance of distinct bacterial taxa and metabolic pathways. Conclusions: Independent of IBS, ME/CFS is associated with dysbiosis and distinct bacterial metabolic disturbances that may influence disease severity. However, our findings indicate that dysbiotic features that are uniquely ME/CFS-associated may be masked by disturbances arising from the high prevalence of IBS co-morbidity in ME/CFS. These insights may enable more accurate diagnosis and lead to insights that inform the development of specific therapeutic strategies in ME/CFS subgroups.<ref name="Nagy-Szakal, 2017"/></blockquote>
*2016, Cytokine network analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.<blockquote> Abstract: "Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome is an unexplained debilitating disorder that is frequently associated with cognitive and motor dysfunction. We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid from 32 cases, 40 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 19 normal subjects frequency-matched for age and sex using a 51-plex cytokine assay. Group-specific differences were found for the majority of analytes with an increase in cases of CCL11 (eotaxin), a chemokine involved in eosinophil recruitment. Network analysis revealed an inverse relationship between interleukin 1 receptor antagonist and colony-stimulating factor 1, colony-stimulating factor 2 and interleukin 17F, without effects on interleukin 1α or interleukin 1β, suggesting a disturbance in interleukin 1 signaling. Our results indicate a markedly disturbed immune signature in the cerebrospinal fluid of cases that is consistent with immune activation in the central nervous system, and a shift toward an allergic or T helper type-2 pattern associated with autoimmunity."<ref name="Hornig, 2016"/></blockquote>
*2015, Distinct plasma immune signatures in ME/CFS are present early in the course of illness [http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/1/e1400121.full FULL TEXT]<blockquote>"Abstract: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is an unexplained incapacitating illness that may affect up to 4 million people in the United States alone. There are no validated laboratory tests for diagnosis or management despite global efforts to find biomarkers of disease. We considered the possibility that inability to identify such biomarkers reflected variations in diagnostic criteria and laboratory methods as well as the timing of sample collection during the course of the illness. Accordingly, we leveraged two large, multicenter cohort studies of ME/CFS to assess the relationship of immune signatures with diagnosis, illness duration, and other clinical variables. Controls were frequency-matched on key variables known to affect immune status, including season of sampling and geographic site, in addition to age and sex. We report here distinct alterations in plasma immune signatures early in the course of ME/CFS (n = 52) relative to healthy controls (n = 348) that are not present in subjects with longer duration of illness (n = 246). Analyses based on disease duration revealed that early ME/CFS cases had a prominent activation of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as dissociation of intercytokine regulatory networks. We found a stronger correlation of cytokine alterations with illness duration than with measures of illness severity, suggesting that the immunopathology of ME/CFS is not static. These findings have critical implications for discovery of interventional strategies and early diagnosis of ME/CFS."<ref name="Hornig, 2015"/></blockquote>
*2015, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26475444 Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is associated with pandemic influenza infection, but not with an adjuvanted pandemic influenza vaccine]
*2015, Findings from a clinical and laboratory database developed for discovery of pathogenic mechanisms in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21641846.2015.1023652 Abstract]<ref name="KlimasNG, 2015"/>
*2012, A Multicenter Blinded Analysis Indicates No Association between Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and either Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus or Polytropic Murine Leukemia Virus [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3448165/ (FULL TEXT)]<ref name="Alter, et al, 2012"/> (see [[XMRV]])

==Talks and interviews==
*2 Jun 2017, Speaker at the 12th [[Invest in ME International ME Conference]] on "Gut-metabolome-immune disturbances in ME/CFS subsets"<ref>http://www.investinme.eu/iimec12.shtml</ref> [http://www.investinme.eu/iimec12.shtml DVD available]
*2016, [http://iacfsme.org/Conferences/2016-Fort-Lauderdale/Agenda/Professional-Agenda.aspx 12th International [[IACFSME]] Biennial Clinical and Research Conference, Emerging Science and Clinical Care, Session Chair for ''Session 1: The Latest Research in Immunology and the [[Microbiome]]'']
*2016, Speaker at the 11th [[Invest in ME International ME Conference]] - [http://www.investinme.eu/IIMEC11.shtml#dvd DVD available]
*2015, Speaker at the 10th [[Invest in ME International ME Conference]] - [http://www.investinme.eu/IIMEC10.shtml#dvd DVD available]
*2015, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ny6MPUCtwjs [[ME/CFS Alert]] Episode 73: Dr. Mady Hornig (Part 1)]
*2015, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AjrViKJGSUA [[ME/CFS Alert]] Episode 74: Dr. Mady Hornig (Part 2)]
*2015, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAbK8B6Mu1Y&feature=youtu.be The Invisible Ones - A Conference on Severe ME/CFS and the Way Forward - Mady Hornig], Sweden, 19 October 2015.
** [http://microbediscovery.org/2016/03/08/dr-mady-hornigs-storming-science-in-mecfs-at-conference-in-sweden/ Transcript of the above talk]
*2015, [https://www.mailman.columbia.edu/public-health-now/news/scientists-discover-robust-evidence-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-biological Scientists Discover Robust Evidence That Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Is a Biological Illness], 27 February 2015.
*2014, Speaker at the 9th [[Invest in ME International ME Conference]] - [http://www.investinme.eu/IIMEC9.shtml#dvd DVD available]

== Lawsuit ==
On May 18th, 2017, Mady Hornig brought a lawsuit against the Trustees of Columbia University and [[Walter Ian Lipkin]] in NY City court. A jury trial was demanded under Complaint 17 CV 3602. Discriminatory and retaliatory acts (Item 22), blocking of [[ME/CFS]] research (Item 157), misappropriation of funds (Item 225), and many other complaints impacting ME/CFS research.<ref>[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bzfy9HH9xdjDVVNoWEFxdHNVLUE Case 17 CV 3602 - Mady Hornig, MD vs Trustees of Columbia University and Walter Ian Lipkin, MD - Google PDF]</ref>

=== Media & Science journal coverage ===
*May 23, 2017: [http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/lawsuit-columbia-university-roils-prominent-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-research-lab Lawsuit at Columbia University roils prominent chronic fatigue syndrome research lab] ''Science Magazine''

*May 20, 2017: [http://nypost.com/2017/05/20/professor-sues-after-boss-made-her-inspect-his-butt/ Columbia professor says boss made her inspect his butt] ''New York Post''

==Online presence==
*[https://www.mailman.columbia.edu/research/center-infection-and-immunity/mady-hornig-md Columbia University - Mady Hornig, MD]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Hornig%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=26475444 PubMed - Mady Hornig]

==Learn more==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mady_Hornig Wikipedia - Mady Hornig]
*2016, [http://simmaronresearch.com/2016/06/the-other-mega-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-mecfs-project-dr-hornig-talks/ The Other MEGA Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) Project: Dr. Hornig Talks]
*2016, [http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/apr/04/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-cfs-taken-seriously Is chronic fatigue syndrome finally being taken seriously?]
*2015, [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-31644618 Distinct stages to chronic fatigue syndrome identified]
*2015, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSNE6JN0SxQ Ian Lipkin and Mady Hornig take the #ChiliMEChallenge] (see [[Chilli ME Challenge]])

==See also==
*[[Ian Lipkin]]
*[[Microbe Discovery Project]]

==References==
<references>
<ref name="Alter, et al, 2012">
{{Citation
| last1 = Alter | first1 = Harvey J. | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Mikovits | first2 = Judy A. | authorlink2 = Judy Mikovits
| last3 = Switzer | first3 = William M. | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Ruscetti | first4 = Francis W. | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Lo | first5 = Shyh-Ching | authorlink5 =
| last6 = Klimas | first6 = Nancy | authorlink6 = Nancy Klimas
| last7 = Komaroff | first7 = Anthony L. | authorlink7 = Anthony Komaroff
| last8 = Montoya | first8 = Jose G. | authorlink8 = Jose Montoya
| last9 = Bateman | first9 = Lucinda | authorlink9 = Lucinda Bateman
| last10 = Levine | first10 = Susan | authorlink10 = Susan Levine
| last11 = Peterson | first11 = Daniel | authorlink11 = Daniel Peterson
| last12 = Levin | first12 = Bruce | authorlink12 = Bruce Levin
| last13 = Hanson | first13 = Maureen R. | authorlink13 = Maureen Hanson
| last14 = Genfi | first14 = Afia | authorlink14 =
| last15 = Bhat | first15 = Meera | authorlink15 =
| last16 = Zheng | first16 = HaoQiang | authorlink16 =
| last17 = Wang | first17 = Richard | authorlink17 =
| last18 = Li | first18 = Bingjie | authorlink18 =
| last19 = Hung | first19 = Guo-Chiuan | authorlink19 =
| last20 = Lee | first20 = Li Ling | authorlink20 =
| last21 = Sameroff | first21 = Stephen | authorlink21 =
| last22 = Heneine | first22 = Walid | authorlink22 =
| last23 = Coffin | first23 = John | authorlink23 =
| last24 = Hornig | first24 = Mady | authorlink24 = Mady Hornig
| last25 = Lipkin | first25 = W. Ian | authorlink25 = Ian Lipkin
| title = A Multicenter Blinded Analysis Indicates No Association between Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and either Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus or Polytropic Murine Leukemia Virus
| journal = mBio | volume = 3 | issue = 5 | page = e00266–12
| date = 2012
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1128/mBio.00266-12
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Hornig, 2015">
{{Citation
| last1 = Hornig | first1 = M | authorlink1 = Mady Hornig
| last2 = Montoya | first2 = JG | authorlink2 = Jose Montoya
| last3 = Klimas | first3 = NG | authorlink3 = Nancy Klimas
| last4 = Levine | first4 = SM | authorlink4 = Susan Levine
| last5 = Felsenstein | first5 = D | authorlink5 =
| last6 = Bateman | first6 = L | authorlink6 = Lucinda Bateman
| last7 = Peterson | first7 = DL | authorlink7 = Daniel Peterson
| last8 = Gottschalk | first8 = CG | authorlink8 = Gunnar Gottschalk
| last9 = Schultz | first9 = AF | authorlink9 =
| last10 = Che | first10 = X | authorlink10 =
| last11 = Eddy | first11 = ML | authorlink11 =
| last12 = Komaroff | first12 = AL | authorlink12 = Anthony Komaroff
| last13 = Lipkin | first13 = WI | authorlink13 = Ian Lipkin
| title = Distinct plasma immune signatures in ME/CFS are present early in the course of illness
| journal = Science Advances | volume = 1 | issue = 1 | page =
| date = 2015
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1126/sciadv.1400121
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Hornig, 2016">
{{Citation
| last1 = Hornig | first1 = M | authorlink1 = Mady Hornig
| last2 = Gottschalk | first2 = G | authorlink2 = Gunnar Gottschalk
| last3 = Peterson | first3 = D | authorlink3 = Daniel Peterson
| last4 = Knox | first4 = KK | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Schultz | first5 = AF | authorlink5 =
| last6 = Eddy | first6 = ML | authorlink6 =
| last7 = Che | first7 = X | authorlink7 =
| last8 = Lipkin | first8 = WI | authorlink8 = Ian Lipkin
| title = Cytokine network analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.
| journal = Molecular Psychiatry | volume = 21 | issue = 2 | page = 261-9
| date = 2016
| doi = 10.1038/mp.2015.29
}}
</ref>
<ref name="KlimasNG, 2015">
{{Citation
| last1 = Klimas | first1 = N.G. | authorlink1 = Nancy Klimas
| last2 = Ironson | first2 = G. | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Carter | first3 = A. | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Balbin | first4 = E. | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Bateman | first5 = L. | authorlink5 = Lucinda Bateman
| last6 = Felsenstein | first6 = D. | authorlink6 =
| last7 = Levine | first7 = S. | authorlink7 = Susan Levine
| last8 = Peterson | first8 = D. | authorlink8 = Daniel Peterson
| last9 = Chiu | first9 = K. | authorlink9 =
| last10 = Allen | first10 = A. | authorlink10 =
| last11 = Cunningham | first11 = K. | authorlink11 =
| last12 = Gottschalk | first12 = C.G. | authorlink12 = Gunnar Gottschalk
| last13 = Fletcher | first13 = M | authorlink13 = Mary Ann Fletcher
| last14 = Hornig | first14 = M. | authorlink14 = Mady Hornig
| last15 = Canning | first15 = C. | authorlink15 =
| last16 = Komaroff | first16 = A.L. | authorlink16 = Anthony Komaroff
| title = Findings from a clinical and laboratory database developed for discovery of pathogenic mechanisms in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
| journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | page = 75-96
| date = 2015
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1080/21641846.2015.1023652
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Nagy-Szakal, 2017">
{{Citation
| last1 = Nagy-Szakal | first1 = Dorottya | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Williams | first2 = Brent L. | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Mishra | first3 = Nischay | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Che | first4 = Xiaoyu | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Lee | first5 = Bohyun | authorlink5 =
| last6 = Bateman | first6 = Lucinda | authorlink6 = Lucinda Bateman
| last7 = Klimas | first7 = Nancy G. | authorlink7 = Nancy Klimas
| last8 = Komaroff | first8 = Anthony L. | authorlink8 = Anthony Komaroff
| last9 = Levine | first9 = Susan | authorlink9 = Susan Levine
| last10 = Montoya | first10 = Jose G. | authorlink10 = Jose Montoya
| last11 = Peterson | first11 = Daniel L. | authorlink11 = Daniel Peterson
| last12 = Ramanan | first12 = Devi | authorlink12 =
| last13 = Jain | first13 = Komal | authorlink13 =
| last14 = Eddy | first14 = Meredith L. | authorlink14 =
| last15 = Hornig | first15 = Mady | authorlink15 = Mady Hornig
| last16 = Lipkin | first16 = W. Ian | authorlink16 = Ian Lipkin
| title = Fecal metagenomic profiles in subgroups of patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
| journal = Microbiome | volume = 5 | issue = 44 | page =
| date = 2017
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1186/s40168-017-0261-y
}}
</ref>
</references>

[[Category:Researchers]]
[[Category:USA researchers]]

Marvin Medow

2017-08-14T16:51:20Z

Samsara:/* Talks & interviews */ formatting

'''Marvin Scott Medow''', PhD, Professor of Pediatrics and Physiology, Chairman of the New York Medical College Institutional Review Board, and Associate Director of the Center for Hypotension at New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States. His specialty is Pediatric Gastroenterology.

==Awards==
*2012, Grant recipient from [[Solve ME/CFS Initiative]] for research for safe and effective treatments.<ref>http://solvecfs.org/research/cfidsaa-research-program-for-researchers/</ref>

==2017 Pediatric Primer==
Dr. Medow was one of the authors of the 2017 Pediatric Primer published in ''Frontiers in Pediatrics.''
*[http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fped.2017.00121/full Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diagnosis and Management in Young People: A Primer (OPEN ACCESS/FULL TEXT)]. Authors: [[Peter Rowe|Peter C. Rowe]], [[Rosemary Underhill|Rosemary A. Underhill]], [[Kenneth Friedman|Kenneth J. Friedman]], [[Alan Gurwitt]], Marvin S. Medow, [[Malcolm Schwartz|Malcolm S. Schwartz]], [[Nigel Speight]], [[Julian Stewart|Julian M. Stewart]], [[Rosamund Vallings]] and [[Katherine Rowe|Katherine S. Rowe]] <blockquote> Abstract:Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex disease that affects children and adolescents as well as adults. The etiology has not been established. While many pediatricians and other health-care providers are aware of ME/CFS, they often lack essential knowledge that is necessary for diagnosis and treatment. Many young patients experience symptoms for years before receiving a diagnosis. This primer, written by the International Writing Group for Pediatric ME/CFS, provides information necessary to understand, diagnose, and manage the symptoms of ME/CFS in children and adolescents. ME/CFS is characterized by overwhelming fatigue with a substantial loss of physical and mental stamina. Cardinal features are malaise and a worsening of symptoms following minimal physical or mental exertion. These post-exertional symptoms can persist for hours, days, or weeks and are not relieved by rest or sleep. Other symptoms include cognitive problems, unrefreshing or disturbed sleep, generalized or localized pain, lightheadedness, and additional symptoms in multiple organ systems. While some young patients can attend school, on a full or part-time basis, many others are wheelchair dependent, housebound, or bedbound. Prevalence estimates for pediatric ME/CFS vary from 0.1 to 0.5%. Because there is no diagnostic test for ME/CFS, diagnosis is purely clinical, based on the history and the exclusion of other fatiguing illnesses by physical examination and medical testing. Co-existing medical conditions including orthostatic intolerance (OI) are common. Successful management is based on determining the optimum balance of rest and activity to help prevent post-exertional symptom worsening. Medications are helpful to treat pain, insomnia, OI and other symptoms. The published literature on ME/CFS and specifically that describing the diagnosis and management of pediatric ME/CFS is very limited. Where published studies are lacking, recommendations are based on the clinical observations and practices of the authors.<ref name="Rowe, et al, 2017"/>

==Notable studies==
*2014, Phenylephrine Alteration of Cerebral Blood Flow During Orthostasis; Effect on N-Back Performance in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref name="Medow, 2014"/>
*2013, What is brain fog? An evaluation of the symptom in postural tachycardia syndrome.<ref name="Ross, 2013"/>
*2012, Increased ventricular lactate in chronic fatigue syndrome. III. Relationships to cortical glutathione and clinical symptoms implicate oxidative stress in disorder pathophysiology<ref>Dikoma C. Shungu, Nora Weiduschat, James W. Murrough, Xiangling Mao, Sarah Pillemer, Jonathan P. Dyke, Marvin S. Medow, Benjamin H. Natelson, Julian M. Stewart, Sanjay J. Mathew. (2012). Increased ventricular lactate in chronic fatigue syndrome. III. Relationships to cortical glutathione and clinical symptoms implicate oxidative stress in disorder pathophysiology. ''NMR in Biomedicine,'' DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2772</ref>
*2012, Postural neurocognitive and neuronal activated cerebral blood flow deficits in young chronic fatigue syndrome patients with postural tachycardia syndrome<ref name="Stewart, 2012"/>
*2011, Increasing orthostatic stress impairs neurocognitive functioning in chronic fatigue syndrome with postural tachycardia syndrome<blockquote> Abstract: CFS (chronic fatigue syndrome) is commonly co-morbid with POTS (postural tachycardia syndrome). Individuals with CFS/POTS experience unrelenting fatigue, tachycardia during orthostatic stress and ill-defined neurocognitive impairment, often described as ‘mental fog’. We hypothesized that orthostatic stress causes neurocognitive impairment in CFS/POTS related to decreased CBFV (cerebral blood flow velocity). A total of 16 CFS/POTS and 20 control subjects underwent graded tilt table testing (at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75°) with continuous cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory monitoring and neurocognitive testing using an n-back task at each angle. The n-back task tests working memory, concentration, attention and information processing. The n-back task imposes increasing cognitive challenge with escalating (0-, 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-back) difficulty levels. Subject dropout due to orthostatic presyncope at each angle was similar between groups. There were no n-back accuracy or RT (reaction time) differences between groups while supine. CFS/POTS subjects responded less correctly during the n-back task test and had greater nRT (normalized RT) at 45, 60 and 75°. Furthermore, at 75° CFS/POTS subjects responded less correctly and had greater nRT than controls during the 2-, 3- and 4-back tests. Changes in CBFV were not different between the groups and were not associated with n-back task test scores. Thus we conclude that increasing orthostatic stress combined with a cognitive challenge impairs the neurocognitive abilities of working memory, accuracy and information processing in CFS/POTS, but that this is not related to changes in CBFV. Individuals with CFS/POTS should be aware that orthostatic stress may impair their neurocognitive abilities.<ref name="Ocon, 2011"/>

==Open letters==
*2017, [[An open letter to Psychological Medicine about “recovery” and the PACE trial]]

==Talks and interviews==
*March 25, 2010 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oal5S967N80 "Going With The Flow -- Blood Flow, That Is"], a webinar hosted by the CFIDS Association of America (now [[Solve ME/CFS Initiative]]) featuring Dr. Marvin Medow

==Online presence==
*[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marvin_Medow ResearchGate]
*[http://bchphysicians.org/directory/marvin-medow/ Boston Children's Hospital bio page]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Medow%20MS%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=17303993 PubMed]

==Learn more==
*[http://solvecfs.org/research/cfidsaa-research-program-for-researchers/brain-fog-in-cfs-whats-going-on/ "Brain Fog in ME/CFS: What’s Going On?" in [[Solve ME/CFS Initiative]] newsletter]

==See also==
*[[Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diagnosis and Management in Young People: A Primer]]

==References==
<references>
<ref name="Medow, 2014">
{{Citation
| last1 = Medow | first1 = Marvin S. | authorlink1 = Marvin Medow
| last2 = Sood | first2 = Shilpa | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Messer | first3 = Zachary R. | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Dzogbeta | first4 = Seli | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Terilli | first5 = Courtney | authorlink5 =
| last6 = Stewart | first6 = Julian M. | authorlink6 = Julian Stewart
| title = Phenylephrine Alteration of Cerebral Blood Flow During Orthostasis; Effect on N-Back Performance in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
| journal = Journal of Applied Physiology | volume = 117 | issue = 10 | page =
| date = 2014
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1152/japplphysiol.00527.2014
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Ocon, 2011">
{{Citation
| last1 = Ocon | first1 = Anthony J. | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Messer | first2 = Zachary R. | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Medow | first3 = Marvin S. | authorlink3 = Marvin Medow
| last4 = Stewart | first4 = Julian M. | authorlink4 = Julian Stewart
| title = Increasing orthostatic stress impairs neurocognitive functioning in chronic fatigue syndrome with postural tachycardia syndrome
| journal = Clinical Science | volume = 122 | issue = 5 | page = 227-238
| date = 2011
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1042/CS20110241
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Ross, 2013">
{{Citation
| last1 = Ross | first1 = A. J. | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Medow | first2 = M. S. | authorlink2 = Marvin Medow
| last3 = Rowe | first3 = P. C. | authorlink3 = Peter Rowe
| last4 = Stewart | first4 = J. M. | authorlink4 = Julian Stewart
| title = What is brain fog? An evaluation of the symptom in postural tachycardia syndrome.
| journal = Clinical Autonomic Research : Official Journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society | volume = 23 | issue = 6 | page = 305–311
| date = 2013
| doi = 10.1007/s10286-013-0212-z
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Rowe, et al, 2017">
{{Citation
| last1 = Rowe | first1 = Peter C. | authorlink1 = Peter Rowe
| last2 = Underhill | first2 = Rosemary A. | authorlink2 = Rosemary Underhill
| last3 = Friedman | first3 = Kenneth J. | authorlink3 = Kenneth Friedman
| last4 = Gurwitt | first4 = Alan | authorlink4 = Alan Gurwitt
| last5 = Medow | first5 = Marvin S. | authorlink5 = Marvin Medow
| last6 = Schwartz | first6 = Malcolm S. | authorlink6 = Malcolm Schwartz
| last7 = Speight | first7 = Nigel | authorlink7 = Nigel Speight
| last8 = Stewart | first8 = Julian M. | authorlink8 = Julian Stewart
| last9 = Vallings | first9 = Rosamund | authorlink9 = Rosamund Vallings
| last10 = Rowe | first10 = Katherine S. | authorlink10 = Katherine Rowe
| title = Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diagnosis and Management in Young People: A Primer
| journal = Frontiers in Pediatrics | volume = 5 | issue = 121 | page =
| date = 2017
| pmid =
| doi = 10.3389/fped.2017.00121
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Stewart, 2012">
{{Citation
| last1 = Stewart | first1 = Julian M. | authorlink1 = Julian Stewart
| last2 = Medow | first2 = Marvin S. | authorlink2 = Marvin Medow
| last3 = Messer | first3 = Zachary R. | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Baugham | first4 = Ila L. | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Terilli | first5 = Courtney | authorlink5 =
| last6 = Ocon | first6 = Anthony J. | authorlink6 =
| title = Postural neurocognitive and neuronal activated cerebral blood flow deficits in young chronic fatigue syndrome patients with postural tachycardia syndrome
| journal = Amer J of Physiology - Heart & Circulatory Physiology | volume = 302 | issue = 5 | page = H1185-H1194
| date = 2012
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1152/ajpheart.00994.2011
}}
</ref>
</references>

[[Category:Researchers]]
[[Category:USA researchers]]

SMILE trial

2017-08-14T16:50:30Z

Samsara:/* Research Ethics */ formatting

The '''SMILE Trial''' was a feasibilty study which took place at the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases in Bath and the University of Bristol in Britain.<ref name="SMILE, 2013"/> The principle investigator was [[Esther Crawley]]. It was designed to the effects of standard medical treatment (SMC) against that of the [[Lightning Process]] & SMC. The Lightning process takes place over three consecutive days in a group format. Participants were children aged between 12 and 18 drawn from the Bristol and Bath areas.<ref>[http://www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/ccah/migrated/documents/protocol1.pdf SMILE Trial Protocol - Bristol University 2013]</ref> Those who were housebound were excluded.

The co-applicant for the study was Fiona Finch, the Research Director at the Lightning Process company (Phil Parker Ltd).

== Methodology ==
The trial compared patients receiving Standard Medical Care (SMC) against the Lightning Process (LP) in conjunction with SMC.

Outcome was initially to be based on school attendance.<ref>[http://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1745-6215-14-415 Final Study Protocol - Crawley et al (Dec 2013)]</ref> This was changed to assessment based on the following scales: the [[Chalder fatigue scale]], pain visual analogue scale,<ref>[http://www.physio-pedia.com/Visual_Analogue_Scale Viusal Analogue Scale - Physiopedia]</ref> physical function short form ([[SF-36]]), the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS),<ref>Self completed questionnaires were completed at the first clinical assessment and subsequently at 6 weeks, 3 months, 4.5 months [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spence_Children%27s_Anxiety_Scale Wikipedia - Spence Children's Anxiety Scale]</ref><ref>[https://psychology-tools.com/spence-childrens-anxiety-scale/ Example of Spence Children's Anxiety Scale - Psychology Tools]</ref> the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for children aged 14 and over,<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital_Anxiety_and_Depression_Scale Wikipedia - Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale]</ref><ref>[http://www.scalesandmeasures.net/files/files/HADS.pdf Example of HADS questionnaire - Scales and Measures]</ref> and the Euroqol (EQ-5D),<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EQ-5D Wikipedia - EQ-5D]</ref> a five-item quality of life inventory.

Out of 156 children considered eligible, 56 participated, with the study beginning in September 2012. Anxious children were offered 3 sessions of CBT over a 6 week period.

SMC was graded activity with phone calls and family based rehabilitation consultations lasting an hour at 6 weeks, 3 months & 4.5 months.

==Funding==

The initial budget was £164,000 funded by the Linbury Trust and the Ashden Trust.<ref>[http://www.meassociation.org.uk/2010/03/p164000-grant-for-study-into-the-lightning-process-and-children-with-me/ £164,000 grant for study into the Lightning Process and children with ME - ME Association (March 2010)]</ref>

== Research ethics ==

==Results==
The results have been not published in paper despite the trial being completed in 2013. There has been no further study following on from this feasibility one.

There are some selective quotes in a 2015 paper<ref>[http://adc.bmj.com/content/100/12/1141.abstract What matters to children with CFS/ME? A conceptual model as the first stage in developing a PROM - Archives of Disease in Childhood, Crawley et al 2015]</ref> as well the final study protocol, which was published after the trial ended. James Coyne said of the quotes "(they) cannot be independently evaluated. Readers are not told how representative these quotes, the outcomes for the children being quoted or the overall outcomes of the trial." <ref>[http://blogs.plos.org/mindthebrain/2016/09/23/before-you-enroll-your-child-in-the-magenta-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-study-issues-to-be-considered/ Before you enroll your child in the MAGENTA chronic fatigue syndrome study: Issues to be considered - James Coyne (September 2015) Plos Blog]</ref>

==Investigators==

[[Esther Crawley]], Nicola Mills, Will Hollingworth, Zuzana Deans, Jonathan A Sterne, Jenny L Donovan, Lucy Beasant and Alan Montgomery

==Criticisms==
*[[John Peters]] has criticised the study.<ref>[https://johnthejack.com/2017/07/02/the-smile-trial-part-1/ THE SMILE TRIAL (part 1)]</ref><ref>[https://johnthejack.com/2017/07/05/smile-trial-part-2/ THE SMILE TRIAL (part 2)]</ref><ref>[https://johnthejack.com/2017/07/09/the-smile-trial-part-3/ THE SMILE TRIAL (part 3)]</ref>

==See also==
*[[PACE trial]]
*[[MAGENTA trial]]
*[[FITNET trial]]
*[[Esther Crawley]]
*[[Chalder fatigue scale]]
*[[SF-36]]

==References==
<references>
<ref name="SMILE, 2013">
{{Citation
| last1 = Crawley | first1 = Esther | authorlink1 = Esther Crawley
| last2 = Mills | first2 = Nicola | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Beasant | first3 = Lucy | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Johnson | first4 = Debbie | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Collin | first5 = Simon M | authorlink5 =
| last6 = Deans | first6 = Zuzana | authorlink6 =
| last7 = White | first7 = Kate | authorlink7 =
| last8 = Montgomery | first8 = Alan | authorlink8 =
| title = The feasibility and acceptability of conducting a trial of specialist medical care and the Lightning Process in children with chronic fatigue syndrome: feasibility randomized controlled trial (SMILE study)
| journal = Trials | volume = 14 | issue = 415 | page =
| date = 2013
| doi = 10.1186/1745-6215-14-415
}}
</ref>
</references>
[[Category:Notable studies]]
[[Category:Psychological paradigm]]

Peter Behan

2017-08-14T16:49:48Z

Samsara:/* Notable Studies */ formatting

[[File:Peter Behan.png|200px|right]]
Professor '''Peter O. Behan''', retired consultant neurologist, was one of the few [[ME]] specialists working in UK in 1980s. He wrote the introduction to Dr [[Melvin Ramsay]]'s 1986 ''[[Postviral Fatigue Syndrome: The Saga of Royal Free Disease]]''. He is a patron to the [http://www.meassociation.org.uk/2012/02/10372/ ME Association].

He appeared in part two (at 35 mins) of 2012 BBC Alba documentary [[Toxic Tiredness]]. He describes mitochondrial abnormalities and speaks of an "essential biochemical or molecular component to the illness which needs to be elucidated, and research should be along the grounds into these illnesses, rather than dealing with psychological talk-the-talk nonsense."

==Notable studies==
*2009, A gene signature for post-infectious chronic fatigue syndrome [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2716361/ (FULL TEXT)]<ref>Gow, J. W., Hagan, S., Herzyk, P., Cannon, C., Behan, P. O., & Chaudhuri, A. (2009). A gene signature for post-infectious chronic fatigue syndrome. BMC Medical Genomics, 2, 38. http://doi.org/10.1186/1755-8794-2-38</ref>
*1997, [[Parvovirus B19]] and [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]<ref>[[Jonathan Kerr|Jonathan R. Kerr]], Ann-Marie Barrett, Martin D. Curran, Wilhelmina M. H. Behan, Derek Middleton, and Peter O. Behan. (1997). Parvovirus B19 and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. ''Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome,'' Vol. 3, Iss. 3, pp 101-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v03n03_07</ref>
*1997, Possible Cell Membrane Transport Defect in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome?<ref>W.S. Watson, G.T. McCreath, A. Chaudhuri & P.O. Behan. (1997). Possible Cell Membrane Transport Defect in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome? ''Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome,'' Vol. 3, Iss. 3, pp1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v03n03_01</ref>
*1997, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Disorder of Central Cholinergic Transmission<ref>A. Chaudhuri, T. Majeed, T. Dinan, and P. O. Behan. (1997). Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Disorder of Central Cholinergic Transmission. ''Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome,'' Vol. 3, Iss. 1, pp 3-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v03n01_02</ref>
*1996, Enterovirus Replication and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome by J. W. Gow, W. M. H. Behan, P. Cash, K. Simpson, D. Kay, M. M. McGill, and P.O. Behan<ref>Haworth Continuing Features Submission. (1996). Session IV: CFS - Microbiologic Pathogenesis. ''Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome,'' Vol. 2, Iss. 2-3, pp 81-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v02n02_10</ref>
*1996, Defective Dexamethasone Induced Growth Hormone Release in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Evidence for Cerebral Glucocorticoid Receptor Resistance by T. Majeed, T. G. Dinan, and P.O. Behan<ref>Haworth Continuing Features Submission. (1996). Session II: CFS - Neuro-Endocrinology. ''Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome,'' Vol. 2, Iss. 2-3, pp 69-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v02n02_07</ref>
*1996, Viruses and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref>John W. Gow & Peter O. Behan. (1996). Viruses and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. ''Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome,'' Vol. 2, Iss. 1, pp 67-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v02n01_06</ref>

==Learn more==
*[[Royal Free Hospital outbreak]]
*[[Melvin Ramsay]]

==See also==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bB6B2BTL2zQ Documentary Toxic Tiredness, Part 1]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=li7zQgN-PxQ Documentary Toxic Tiredness, Part 2]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKSC0OS6Zdo Prof Behan: electron microscopy shows abnormal mitochondria in ME]

==References==
<references>
</references>
[[Category:Clinicians]]
[[Category:British clinicians]]

Jenna Adamowicz

2017-08-14T16:49:26Z

Samsara:/* Talks & interviews */ formatting

[[File:Jenna Adamowicz.png|200px|thumb|right|Source:LinkedIn]]
'''Jenna L. Adamowicz''', MA, is a Senior Research Analyst at Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York. She works frequently with Dr. [[Fred Friedberg]] in research with self management of [[ME/CFS]] and [[fibromyalgia]]. Her other areas of specialty include crisis management, suicide assessment and prevention, and obesity and bariatric surgery. She recruits reviewers for articles submitted to [[Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior]], the quarterly professional journal of the professional origanization, [[International Association for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]].<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/jenna-adamowicz-99739175</ref>

==Notable studies==
*2017, [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21641846.2017.1278634 ''Patient change attributions in self-management of severe chronic fatigue syndrome'', by J. L. Adamowicz, I. Caikauskaite, [[Fred Friedberg|F. Friedberg]], and V. Seva]
*2016, ''Efficacy of two delivery modes of behavioral self-management in severe chronic fatigue syndrome''.<ref name="FriedbergF, 2016"/>
*2016, ''Fatigue severity in World Trade Center (9/11) responders: a preliminary study''<ref name="Friedberg, Adamowicz, 2016"/>
*2016, ''Participant attributions for global change ratings in unexplained chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome'' [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1359105314535458 Full text]<ref name="Friedberg, Coronel, 2016"/>
*2014, [http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11136-014-0705-9 ''Defining recovery in chronic fatigue syndrome: a critical review.'']<ref>Adamowicz, J.L., Caikauskaite, I. & Friedberg, Quality of Life Research (2014) Volume 23, Issue 9, pp 2407–2416. doi:10.1007/s11136-014-0705-9</ref>
*2013, ''Scientific status of fatigue and pain. Publishing and professional activities: 2002–2011''
[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21641846.2012.746201 Abstract]<ref name="Friedberg, Caikauskaite, 2013"/>
*2013, ''Chronic Fatigue Self- Management in Primary Care: A Randomized Trial'' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3785003/ Full text]<ref name="Friedberg, Napoli, 2013"/>

==Letters to the Editor==
*2016, [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21641846.2016.1217666 Letter to the editor - ''Diary-based outcome predictors in a self-management trial in chronic fatigue syndrome'']<ref>Jenna L. Adamowicz & Indre Caikauskaite. (2016). Diary-based outcome predictors in a self-management trial in chronic fatigue syndrome. ''Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior 4'' (4):193-194. doi:10.1080/21641846.2016.1217666</ref>
*2014, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24935019 Authors' response to commentary by Twisk.]<ref> Adamowicz, J.L., Caikauskaite, I. & Friedberg, Quality of Life Research (2014) Volume 23, Issue 9, p 2419. doi:10.1007/s11136-014-0738-0</ref>

==Talks and interviews==

==Online presence==
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Adamowicz%20J%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23922399 PubMed]
*[https://www.linkedin.com/in/jenna-adamowicz-99739175 LinkedIn]
*[https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=FxDt66QAAAAJ&hl=en Google Scholar]

==Learn more==
*[http://sb.cc.stonybrook.edu/news/general/2016-06-23-getting-to-the-heart-of-chronic-fatigue-syndrome.php ''Getting to the Heart of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome'']

==See also==
*[[Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior]]
*[[Fred Friedberg]]

==References==
<references>

<ref name="FriedbergF, 2016">
{{Citation
| last1 = Friedberg | first1 = F. | authorlink1 = Fred Friedberg
| last2 = Adamowicz | first2 = J. | authorlink2 = Jenna Adamowicz
| last3 = Caikauskaite | first3 = I. | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Seva | first4 = V. | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Napoli | first5 = A. | authorlink5 =
| title = Efficacy of two delivery modes of behavioral self-management in severe chronic fatigue syndrome
| journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior | volume = 4 | issue = 3 | page = 158-174
| date = 2016
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1080/21641846.2016.1205876
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Friedberg, Adamowicz, 2016">
{{Citation
| last1 = Friedberg | first1 = F. | authorlink1 = Fred Friedberg
| last2 = Adamowicz | first2 = J.L. | authorlink2 = Jenna Adamowicz
| last3 = Caikauskaite | first3 = I. | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Napoli | first4 = A. | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Shapira | first5 = 0. | authorlink5 =
| last6 = Hobbs | first6 = M. | authorlink6 =
| last7 = Bromet | first7 = E. | authorlink7 =
| last8 = Kotov | first8 = R. | authorlink8 =
| last9 = Gonzalez | first9 = A. | authorlink9 =
| last10 = Clouston | first10 = S. | authorlink10 =
| last11 = Luft | first11 = B. | authorlink11 =
| title = Fatigue severity in World Trade Center (9/11) responders: a preliminary study
| journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior | volume = 4 | issue = 2 | page = 70-79
| date = 2016
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1080/21641846.2016.1169726
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Friedberg, Caikauskaite, 2013">
{{Citation
| last1 = Friedberg | first1 = F. | authorlink1 = Fred Friedberg
| last2 = Caikauskaite | first2 = I. | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Adamowicz | first3 = J. | authorlink3 = Jenna Adamowicz
| last4 = Bivona | first4 = T. J. | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Njoku | first5 = G. | authorlink5 =
| title = Scientific status of fatigue and pain. Publishing and professional activities: 2002–2011
| journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior | volume = 1 | issue = 1-2 | page = 4-11
| date = 2013
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1080/21641846.2012.746201
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Friedberg, Coronel, 2016">
{{Citation
| last1 = Friedberg | first1 = Fred | authorlink1 = Fred Friedberg
| last2 = Coronel | first2 = Janna | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Seva | first3 = Viktoria | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Adamowicz | first4 = Jenna | authorlink4 = Jenna Adamowicz
| last5 = Napoli | first5 = Anthony | authorlink5 =
| title = Participant attributions for global change ratings in unexplained chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome
| journal = Journal of health psychology | volume = 21 | issue = 5 | page = 690–698
| date = 2016
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1177/1359105314535458
| url = http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1359105314535458
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Friedberg, Napoli, 2013">
{{Citation
| last1 = Friedberg | first1 = Fred | authorlink1 = Fred Friedberg
| last2 = Napoli | first2 = Anthony | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Coronel | first3 = Janna | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Adamowicz | first4 = Jenna | authorlink4 = Jenna Adamowicz
| last5 = Seva | first5 = Viktoria | authorlink5 =
| last6 = Caikauskaite | first6 = Indre | authorlink6 =
| last7 = Ngan | first7 = Man Chi | authorlink7 =
| last8 = Chang | first8 = Jeremy | authorlink8 =
| last9 = Meng | first9 = Hongdao | authorlink9 =
| title = Chronic Fatigue Self- Management in Primary Care: A Randomized Trial
| journal = Psychosomatic Medicine | volume = 75 | issue = 7 | page = 650–657
| date = 2013
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1097/PSY.0b013e31829dbed4
| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3785003/
}}
</ref>

</references>
[[Category:Researchers]]
[[Category:USA researchers]]

Emerge Australia

2017-08-14T16:48:52Z

Samsara:formatting

[http://emerge.org.au/ '''Emerge Australia'''] efforts include peer support groups, Health Promotion activities, awareness and fundraising activities, advocacy, seminars and a dedicated Member information service. They produce a quarterly ''Emerge Journal''.

"We are determined to strengthen the national response to [[ME/CFS]] and welcome and encourage all State and Territory organisations, communities and individuals to join with us as we move forward with hope, vigour and a commitment to lead."<ref>[http://emerge.org.au/about-us/ Emerge Australia - About Us]</ref>

==Aims==
From [https://emerge.org.au/mission-vision/#.WEb9xIXwMmQ Emerge Australian website]:
:"Mission - To support, provide information and advocacy for people associated with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS).
:Vision - Universal awareness and acknowledgement of ME/CFS as a medical condition.
:Values - To serve the best interests of people affected by ME/CFS with integrity, compassion and empathy."

==Funding==
Emerge Australia has no ongoing funding and relies on donations from individuals, community grants, trusts and government.

==History==
The 'ME Society' was formed in 1980 in Victoria, and included patients from Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia. The New South Wales and ACT societies formed independently, at the same time. The society's quarterly information brochure, 'Emerge', began in 1980.<ref>[http://emerge.org.au/mission-vision/history/#.Vtp8nJx97tQ Emerge Australia - History]</ref> In 2014, the society was renamed from 'ME/CFS Australia (Victoria)' to 'Emerge Australia'.

==Advocacy actions==
*2016: An open letter is sent to Queen Mary University London, and the Information Commissioner's Office in the UK, asking for the release of the PACE Trial data.<ref name="openletrEmergeAust"/>

==Talks and interviews==
*23 Feb 2016, [http://thewire.org.au/story/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-chronically-underfunded/ ''The Wire Radio'' in Australia covers the dismal research spending into [[ME]]] and interviews patient Sasha, Senator [[Scott Ludlam]] and Sally Missings of Emerge Australia]
*27 May 2014, [https://soundcloud.com/emergeaustralia/me-part-1-byron-bay-lighthouse-fm-may-2014 "ME Part 1 Byron Bay Lighthouse FM MAY 2014"]
*27 May 2014, [https://soundcloud.com/emergeaustralia/me-part-2-byron-bay-lighthouse-fm-may-2014 "ME Part 2 Byron Bay Lighthouse FM MAY 2014"]
*20 May 2014, [https://soundcloud.com/emergeaustralia/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-774 "ME/CFS 774 ABC Radio 2014 Richard Stubbs and Nicole Phillips"]
*24 Sept 2013 [https://soundcloud.com/emergeaustralia/me-phillips-radio-interview "ME Phillips Radio Interview 2013"]
* [https://vimeo.com/emergeaustralia Vimeo channel - Emerge seminars]

==Online presence==
* [http://emerge.org.au Website]
* [https://www.facebook.com/EmergeAustraliaInc FaceBook]
* [https://twitter.com/EmergeAus Twitter]
* [https://www.linkedin.com/company/emerge-australia-inc Linked In]
* [https://www.givenow.com.au/cause267 Give Now (donations)]

==Learn more==

==See also==

==References==
<references>

<ref name="openletrEmergeAust">{{citation
| author = Emerge Australia | authorlink1 = Emerge Australia
| title = Open Letter to QMUL - Request for the release of PACE trial data
| date = 20 Mar 2016
| url = http://emerge.org.au/pace-trial-letter/?ct=t(April_newsletter07_04_2016)#.VxCS5KR97tS
}}</ref>
</references>

[[Category:Patient groups]]
[[Category:Australian patient groups]]

Through the Shadowlands: A Science Writer's Odyssey into an Illness Science Doesn't Understand

2017-08-14T16:47:38Z

Samsara:typos

{{Infobox book
| name = Through the Shadowlands: A Science Writer's Odyssey into an Illness Science Doesn't Understand
| image = File:Through the Shadowlands.png
| caption =
| author = Julie Rehmeyer
| illustrator =
| cover_artist = Christina Gaugler
| country = USA
| language = English
| subject = Diseases & Physical Ailments
| genre = Biographies & Memoirs
| publisher = Rodale
| pub_date = May 23, 2017
| media_type = Hardcover and digital
| pages = 288
| isbn = 978-1-62336-765-7
| website =
}}

'''Through the Shadowlands: A Science Writer's Odyssey into an Illness Science Doesn't Understand''' is a memoir by [[Julie Rehmeyer]].

==Synopsis==
Science journalist Julie Rehmeyer was so sick she sometimes couldn't turn over in bed. The top specialists in the world were powerless to help, and scientific research on her disease was at a near standstill. She was running out of money. And she was all alone, with no one to care for her.

Having exhausted the plausible ideas, Rehmeyer turned to an implausible one. She followed the advice of strangers she'd met on the Internet. They struck her as crazy--but they had recovered from chronic fatigue syndrome as severe as hers. Leaving behind everything she owned, she drove into the desert, testing the theory that mold in her home and belongings was making her sick. Stripped of the life she'd known and the future she'd imagined, Rehmeyer felt as though she were going to the desert to die.

But she didn't die. She used her scientific savvy and investigative journalism skills to find a path to wellness--and uncovered how shocking scientific neglect and misconduct had forced her, and millions of others, to go it alone. In stunning prose, Rehmeyer describes how her illness transformed her understanding of science, medicine, and spirituality. Through the Shadowlands will bring scientific authority to a misunderstood disease while telling an incredible and compelling story of tenacity, resourcefulness, acceptance, and love.

==Online presence==
*[https://www.julierehmeyer.com/throughtheshadowlands/ Book Website]
*[https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01N6G6BVN/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1 Amazon]
*[https://books.google.com/books/about/Through_the_Shadowlands.html?id=96GkDQAAQBAJ Google Books]
*[http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-62336-765-7 Publishers Weekly]

==Learn more==
*2017, [http://www.americanscientist.org/bookshelf/pub/an-illness-observed "An Illness Observed: A Conversation with Julie Rehmeyer"] by Dianne Timblin in ''American Scientist''

==See also==
*[[Julie Rehmeyer]]

==References==
<references>

</references>

[[Category:Books]]
[[Category:English books]]
[[Category:Memoirs]]

Jason Newfield

2017-08-14T16:46:51Z

Samsara:/* Talks & interviews */ formatting

[[File:Jason Newfield.png|200px|thumb|right|Source:Frankel & Newfield, PC]]
'''Jason Newfield''', Esq., is a litigation and disability attorney for the firm, Frankel and Newfield, PC from Garden City, New York. He is a founding member of the American Alliance of Disability Attorneys and is a Physician Educator instructing physicians on the necessary medical documentation for disability claimants with [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]].<ref>https://www.frankelnewfield.com/about/attorneys/jason-newfield/</ref>

==Education==
*1995, JD, Hofstra University School of Law
*1992, BA, Economics, Business, Psychology

==Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee==
Newfield served as a voting member of the [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]] from 07/01/06 to 07/01/10.<ref name="Fall, 2003"/><ref name="Nov, 2006"/>

==Talks and interviews==

==Online presence==
*[https://www.linkedin.com/in/jason-newfield-5ba25111/ LinkedIn]
*[https://www.frankelnewfield.com/ Frankel and Newfield, PC, Disability Insurance Attorneys]

==Learn more==

==See also==

==References==
<references>
<ref name="Fall, 2003">{{citation
| author = HHS.gov
| title = Sep 29, 2003 CFSAC Meeting
| type = Roster
| date = 2003
| url = http://wayback.archive-it.org/3919/20140324192954/http://www.hhs.gov/advcomcfs/meetings/minutes/sept_meeting_min.html
}}</ref>
<ref name="Nov, 2006">{{citation
| author = HHS.gov
| title = Nov 20 & 21, 2006 CFSAC Meeting
| type = Minutes
| date = 2006
| url = http://wayback.archive-it.org/3919/20140324192930/http://www.hhs.gov/advcomcfs/meetings/minutes/cfsac061120min_pdf.pdf
}}</ref>

</references>

[[Category:Attorneys]] [[Category:Disability attorneys]] [[Category:Advocates or allies]][[Category:American advocates or allies]][[Category:CFSAC members]]

Nightingale Research Foundation

2017-08-14T16:46:24Z

Samsara:formatting

{{stub}}

'''Nightingale Research Foundation''' is a Canadian research group.

==Notable people==

==Notable studies==

==Funding==

==Online presence==
*[http://www.nightingale.ca/ Website]
*PubMed
*Institution
*Twitter
*Facebook
*YouTube

==See also==

==References==
<references>

</references>
[[Category:Research initiatives]]
[[Category:Canadian research initiatives]]

Chlamydia pneumoniae

2017-08-14T16:45:51Z

Samsara:/* Learn More */ formatting

'''''Chlamydia pneumoniae''''' is an intracellular bacterium of the species [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydophila ''Chlamydophila''], and can infect via airborne transmission. It is a major cause of pneumonia.<ref>[http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu:8080/reporter/index.html?ID=779 ''Chlamydia pneumoniae'' not caught like you thought]</ref> It has been implicated as a potential cause of [[ME/CFS]] in a subset of patients. A study by [[John Chia|Chia & Chia]] found that 10% of their patients had a ''chlamydia pneumoniae'' infection which may have caused or contributed to their ME/CFS.<ref name=Chia>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10476765 Chronic ''Chlamydia pneumoniae'' Infection: A Treatable Cause of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]</ref>

A chronic ''chlamydia pneumoniae'' infection can be treated with [[antibiotics]].

==Testing==

Accurately testing for ''chlamydia pneumoniae'' can be difficult, therefore, a negative blood test may not mean you do not have a ''chlamydia pneumoniae'' infection. Additionally, there is a general shortage worldwide of facilities which can identify/diagnose ''Chlamydia pneumoniae''.<ref>[http://www.cpnhelp.org/diagnosis_issues CPN Help - Diagnosis Issues]</ref>. Common tests for ''chlamydia pneumoniae'' include the microimmunofluorescence (MIF) test<ref>[http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/181/Supplement_3/S421.full The Microimmunofluorescence Test for ''Chlamydia pneumoniae'' Infection: Technique and Interpretation]</ref> or via biopsy.

==Treatment==
A ''chlamydia pneumoniae'' infection, while an uncommon cause of ME/CFS, is one of the more treatable forms. Antibiotic treatment with [[azithromycin]] or [[rifampin]] can therefore improve or even cure patients. Chia & Chia found that while antibiotic treatment was successful in many patients, relapse was also common.<ref name=Chia/>
Some patients have reported recovery after being treated with [http://www.cpnhelp.org/astrodianas_story_cure_fr Dr Stratton's original protocol]. More information on treatment options can be found on [http://www.cpnhelp.org/treatment_protocols CPN Help's Treatment Protocols page].

== Notable studies ==
*Chia, J K ; Chia, L Y [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10476765 Chronic ''Chlamydia pneumoniae'' Infection: A Treatable Cause of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome] Clinical infectious Diseases, August 1999, Vol.29(2), pp.452-3. DOI: 10.1086/520239

==Learn more==
*[[Dr. Stratton's original protocol]]
*[http://www.cpnhelp.org/ CPN Help Website]
*[http://www.cpnhelp.org/?q=the_basics_page CPN Help: The Basics]
*[http://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/11/01/chlamydia-pneumoniae-infection-treatable-cause-chronic-fatigue-syndrome ''Chlamydia pneumoniae'' infection a treatable cause of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Response (BMJ)]

== References ==

[[Category:Infectious agents]]
[[Category:Triggers and risk factors]]

Charles Cleeland

2017-08-14T16:45:27Z

Samsara:/* See also */ formatting

[[File:Charles Cleeland.png|200px|thumb|right|Source: faculty.mdanderson.org]]
'''Charles S. Cleeland''', Ph.D., was a panel member and contributed his expertise to the February 2015, [[Institute of Medicine report]], ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Redefining an Illness.''

The following biographical sketch is from Appendix E of the [[Institute of Medicine report]], ''Beyond Myalgic
''Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness''. <ref>http://www.nap.edu/read/19012/chapter/15</ref>

<blockquote>"'''Charles S. Cleeland''', Ph.D., is a McCullough professor of cancer research and chair, Department of Symptom Research, at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. He is a leader in the area of cancer symptom epidemiology, assessment, and treatment. He has directed epidemiological studies of pain and other symptoms in patients with cancer; studies of the mechanisms of pain and other symptoms; studies using positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the effects of pain on cortical activity; and clinical trials aimed at reducing the risk of inadequate symptom control, including in underserved populations. Dr. Cleeland is a member and past president of the board of directors of the U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee. He is also past president of the American Pain Society. His research is widely published. He has published numerous studies on the prevalence and severity of cancer symptoms, on U.S. and international symptom management practice patterns, and on potential biological mechanisms underlying the symptoms produced by cancer and its treatment."<ref>http://www.nap.edu/read/19012/chapter/15#275</ref></blockquote>

==Education==

*NIH Postdoctoral Fellow - Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
*PHD - Washington University, St. Louis, MO, Clinical Psychology
*BA - Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, with honors, Psychology

==Awards==
*2010 Raymond Houde Award and Lecture, Eastern Pain Society
*2009 Award for Excellence in Contributions to the Committee for Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, The Chinese Anti-Cancer Association
*2008 30th Annual Dr. John J. Bonica Award, Eastern Pain Association
*2007 Trish Greene Quality of Life Award, American Cancer Society
*2002 Fordyce Clinical Investigator Award, American Pain Society
*2000 Distinguished Service Award, American Pain Society

==See also==
*[http://faculty.mdanderson.org/Charles_Cleeland/Default.asp?SNID=0 Faculty page for MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas]

==References==

[[Category:Researchers]][[Category:USA researchers]][[Category:Institute of Medicine report committee member]]

Sympathetic nervous system

2017-08-14T16:45:09Z

Samsara:formatting; stub

{{stub}}
[[File:Sympathetic.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Source: Antranik.org]]

The '''sympathetic nervous system''' (SNS) is responsible for "fight or flight" response. It performs an opposite and balancing effect to the [[parasympathetic nervous system]] (PNS) or (PSNS).<ref>[http://antranik.org/the-autonomic-nervous-system/ The Autonomic Nervous System - Antranik.org]</ref><ref>[https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/sympathetic_nervous_system.htm Science Daily - Sympathetic nervous system]</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Vagus nerve]]
*[[Vagus nerve infection hypothesis]]

== References ==
<references>

</references>
[[Category:Body systems]]

Gudrun Lange

2017-08-14T16:44:28Z

Samsara:/* Talks & interviews */ formatting

[[File:Gudrun Lange.png|200px|thumb|right|Source: LinkedIn]]
'''Gudrun Lange''', PhD, is a clinical neuropsychologist who works with Dr. [[Benjamin Natelson]] at the Pain & Fatigue Study Center, New York, New York. There she heads studies on [[brain fog]] in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] and [[fibromyalgia]].<ref>http://www.painandfatigue.com/colleagues.html</ref>

==Notable studies==
*2017, Multi-Site Clinical Assessment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (MCAM): Design and Implementation of a Prospective/Retrospective Rolling Cohort Study<blockquote>"Abstract - In the Multi-Site Clinical Assessment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (MCAM), we relied on expert clinician diagnoses to enroll patients from 7 specialty clinics in the United States in order to perform a systematic collection of data on measures of myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)/chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Healthy persons and those with other illnesses that share some features with ME/CFS were enrolled in comparison groups. The major objectives were to: 1) use standardized questionnaires to measure illness domains of ME/CFS and to evaluate patient heterogeneity overall and between clinics; 2) describe the course of illness, identify the measures that best correlate with meaningful clinical differences, and assess the performances of questionnaires as patient/person-reported outcome measures; 3) describe prescribed medications, orders for laboratory and other tests, and management tools used by expert clinicians to care for persons with ME/CFS; 4) collect biospecimens for future hypothesis testing and for evaluation of morning cortisol profiles; and 5) identify measures that best distinguish persons with ME/CFS from those in the comparison groups and detect subgroups of persons with ME/CFS who may have different underlying causes. Enrollment began in 2012 and is planned to continue in multiple stages through 2017. We present the MCAM methods in detail, along with an initial description of the 471 patients with ME/CFS who were enrolled in stage 1."<ref name="Unger, 2017"/>
*2017, [http://www.painandfatigue.com/support/2017_natelson_multimodal_simultaneous.pdf Multimodal and simultaneous assessments of brain and spinal fluid abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome and the effects of psychiatric comorbidity]<blockquote>"Abstract - The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CFS patients without comorbid psychiatric diagnoses differ from CFS patients with comorbid psychiatric diagnoses and healthy control subjects in neuropsychological performance, the proportion with elevated spinal fluid protein or white cell counts, cerebral blood flow (CBF), brain ventricular lactate and cortical glutathione (GSH). The results of the study did not show any differences in any of the outcome measures between CFS patients with and without psychiatric comorbidity, thus indicating that psychiatric status may not be an exacerbating factor in CFS. Importantly, significant differences were found between the pooled samples of CFS compared to controls. These included lower GSH and CBF and higher ventricular lactate and rates of spinal fluid abnormalities in CFS patients compared to healthy controls. Thirteen of 26 patients had abnormal values on two or more of these 4 brain-related variables. These findings, which replicate the results of several of our prior studies, support the presence of a number of neurobiological and spinal fluid abnormalities in CFS. These results will lead to further investigation into objective biomarkers of the disorder to advance the understanding of CFS."<ref>[[Benjamin Natelson|Natelson, B.H.]], M. Xiangling, A.J. Stegner, G. Lange, D. Vu, M. Blate, G. Kang, E. Soto, T. Kapusuz, D.C. Shungu. (2017). Multimodal and simultaneous assessments of brain and spinal fluid abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome and the effects of psychiatric comorbidity. ''Journal of the Neurological Sciences'', 375:411–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2017.02.046</ref></blockquote>
*2015, [http://www.painandfatigue.com/support/2015_natelson_milnacipran_trial.pdf Effect of Milnacipran Treatment on Ventricular Lactate in Fibromyalgia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial]<ref>[[Benjamin Natelson|Natelson, B.H.]], D. Vu, X. Mao, N. Weiduschat, F. Togo, G. Lange, M. Blate, G. Kang, J.D. Coplan and D.C. Shungu. Effect of milnacipran treatment on ventricular lactate in fibromyalgia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Pain, 16(11:)1211-1219, 2015.</ref>
*2013, Attention network test: assessment of cognitive function in chronic fatigue syndrome<ref>Togo, F., G. Lange, [[Benjamin Natelson|B.H. Natelson]], and K.S. Quigley. Attention network test: assessment of cognitive function in chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Neuropsychology, 2013 Sep 24. doi: 10.1111/jnp.12030.</ref>
*2011, Safety and efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in fibromyalgia: a phase I/II proof of concept trial<ref name="lange2011">{{Citation| doi = 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01203.x| issn = 1526-4637| volume = 12| issue = 9| pages = 1406–1413| last1 = Lange| first1 = Gudrun| last2 = Janal| first2 = Malvin N.| last3 = Maniker| first3 = Allen| last4 = Fitzgibbons| first4 = Jennifer| last5 = Fobler| first5 = Malusha| last6 = Cook| first6 = Dane| authorlink6 = Dane Cook | last7 = Natelson| first7 = Benjamin H.| authorlink7 = Benjamin Natelson |title = Safety and efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in fibromyalgia: a phase I/II proof of concept trial| journal = Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.)| date = September 2011| pmid = 21812908| pmc = 3173600}}</ref>
*2005, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15907308 Objective evidence of cognitive complaints in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: a BOLD fMRI study of verbal working memory] <blockquote> Abstract - "Individuals with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) often have difficulties with complex auditory information processing. In a series of two Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies, we compared BOLD signal changes between Controls and individuals with CFS who had documented difficulties in complex auditory information processing (Study 1) and those who did not (Study 2) in response to performance on a simple auditory monitoring and a complex auditory information processing task (mPASAT). We hypothesized that under conditions of cognitive challenge: (1) individuals with CFS who have auditory information processing difficulties will utilize frontal and parietal brain regions to a greater extent than Controls and (2) these differences will be maintained even when objective difficulties in this domain are controlled for. Using blocked design fMRI paradigms in both studies, we first presented the auditory monitoring task followed by the mPASAT. Within and between regions of interest (ROI), group analyses were performed for both studies with statistical parametric mapping (SPM99). Findings showed that individuals with CFS are able to process challenging auditory information as accurately as Controls but utilize more extensive regions of the network associated with the verbal WM system. Individuals with CFS appear to have to exert greater effort to process auditory information as effectively as demographically similar healthy adults. Our findings provide objective evidence for the subjective experience of cognitive difficulties in individuals with CFS."<ref name="Lange, 2005"/></blockquote>
*2004, Cognitive Function Index for Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<blockquote> "Abstract - Background: A comprehensive approach to assessing neuropsychological deficits in CFS patients is developed by assessing cognitive function across a number of domains using a battery of tests, rather than relying on any single instrument. Objective: A factor analytic approach was employed to examine the underlying dimensionality of 15 standard cognitive function related test variables in CFS patients. A cognitive function index (CFI) was then developed using appropriately weighted and interpreted factors. Methods: Factor analysis was applied to an initial sample of 65 CFS patients, identifying eight factors accounting for over 70% of total variation. This factor structure was then independently verified on a separate sample of 124 CFS patients. An overall combined CFS sample of 212 was then used to derive the CFI using an appropriately interpreted and weighted average of the derived factors. Results: After including age and education as separate factors, the CFI consists of nine factors accounting for 70% of total variation in the overall CFS group. The CFI was not affected by the presence of current psychiatric comorbidity. A cut-off score for cognitive dysfunction was established using the lower quartile value of a group of sedentary controls on the same index. Conclusions: The CFI will provide a useful summary measure for researchers investigating cognitive function performance in CFS patients. It does not replace existing individual specialized tests."<ref>Michael Brimacombe, Gudrun Lange, Kim Bisuchio, Donald S. Ciccone & [[Benjamin Natelson]]. (2004). Cognitive Function Index for Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. ''Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome'', Vol. 12, Iss. 4, pp. 3-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v12n04_02</ref></blockquote>
*2002, A status report on chronic fatigue syndrome [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241224/pdf/ehp110s-000673.pdf (FULL TEXT)]<blockquote>"Abstract - Medical history has shown that clinical disease entities or syndromes are composed of many subgroups--each with its own cause and pathogenesis. Although we cannot be sure, we expect the same outcome for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), a medically unexplained condition characterized by disabling fatigue accompanied by infectious, rheumatological, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Although the ailment clearly can occur after severe infection, no convincing data exist to support an infectious (or immunologic) process in disease maintenance. Instead, data point to several possible pathophysiological processes: a covert encephalopathy, impaired physiological capability to respond to physical and mental stressors, and psychological factors related to concerns about effort exacerbating symptoms. Each of these is under intense investigation. In addition, some data do exist to indicate that environmental agents also can elicit a state of chronic fatigue. We expect data to accumulate to support the belief that CFS has multiple causes."<ref name="Natelson, 2002"/></blockquote>
*2001, Health-Related Personality Variables in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis <blockquote>"Summary - This study investigated personality variables in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), with healthy, sedentary subjects as controls. CFS and MS groups were higher on alexithymia, characterized as difficulty in describing and differentiating emotions and marked externalization. CFS and MS groups reported a more depressive attributional style than healthy participants, reflecting beliefs that causes for good events are not diffused into other areas of life while causes for bad events will always be present. The CFS group was significantly lower on doctors/others locus of control indicating lack of trust in medical professionals. Results indicate that CFS and MS are similar to each other while different from the healthy group on certain personality variables that likely reflect the demoralizing effects of coping with a chronic, disabling illness marked by uncertainty."<ref>Susan K. Johnson, Gudrun Lange, Lana Tiersky, John Deluca & Benjamin H. Natelson. (2001). Health-Related Personality Variables in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis. ''Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome'', Vol. 8, Iss. 3-4, pp. 41-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v08n03_05</ref></blockquote>

==Clinic location==
:Phillips Ambulatory Care Center, Suite 5D
:Beth Israel Medical Center
:10 Union Square East
:New York, NY 10003-3314

==Talks and interviews==
11 April 2012, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ErcJCI-sm_A "Cognition & CFS: What Do We Know?"] by the [[Solve ME/CFS Initiative|CFIDS Association of America]] with speakers Gudren Lange and [[Suzanne Vernon]], introduced by [[Kim McCleary]]
*2009, 9th [[International IACFS/ME Research and Clinical Conference]]: Talk Title - ''Assessing ME/CFS Brain Functioning''

==Online presence==
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Lange%20G%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=12194905 PubMed]
*[http://www.painandfatigue.com/colleagues.html Pain & Fatigue Study Center Bio Page]
*[https://www.linkedin.com/in/gudrun-lange-phd-7230457a/ LinkedIn]

==Learn more==
*[http://www.painandfatigue.com/colleagues.html Pain & Fatigue Study Center Homepage]

==See also==
*[[Benjamin Natelson]]

==References==
<references>
<ref name="Lange, 2005">
{{Citation
| last1 = Lange | first1 = G | authorlink1 = Gudrun Lange
| last2 = Steffener | first2 = J | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Cook | first3 =DB | authorlink3 = Dane Cook
| last4 = Bly | first4 = BM | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Christodoulou | first5 = C | authorlink5 =
| last6 = Liu | first6 = WC | authorlink6 =
| last7 = Deluca | first7 = J | authorlink7 =
| last8 = Natelson | first8 = BH | authorlink8 = Benjamin Natelson
| title = Objective evidence of cognitive complaints in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: a BOLD fMRI study of verbal working memory
| journal = NeuroImage | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | page = 513-24
| date = 2005
| pmid = 15907308
| doi = 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.011
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Natelson, 2002">
{{Citation
| last1 = Natelson | first1 = Benjamin H | authorlink1 = Benjamin Natelson
| last2 = Lange | first2 = Gudrun | authorlink2 = Gudrun Lange
| title = A status report on chronic fatigue syndrome
| journal = Environmental Health Perspectives | volume = 110 | issue = Supp 4 | page = 673–677
| date = 2002
| pmid =
| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241224/
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Unger, 2017">
{{Citation
| last1 = Unger | first1 = Elizabeth R. | authorlink1 = Elizabeth Unger
| last2 = Lin | first2 = Jin-Mann S. | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Tian | first3 = Hao | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Natelson | first4 = Benjamin H | authorlink4 = Benjamin Natelson
| last5 = Lange | first5 = Gudrun | authorlink5 = Gudrun Lange
| last6 = Vu | first6 = Diana | authorlink6 =
| last7 = Blate | first7 = Michelle | authorlink7 =
| last8 = Klimas | first8 = Nancy G. | authorlink8 = Nancy Klimas
| last9 = Balbin | first9 = Elizabeth G. | authorlink9 =
| last10 = Bateman | first10 = Lucinda | authorlink10 = Lucinda Bateman
| last11 = Allen | first11 = Ali | authorlink11 =
| last12 = Lapp | first12 = Charles W. | authorlink12 = Charles Lapp
| last13 = Springs | first13 = Wendy | authorlink13 =
| last14 = Kogelnik | first14 = Andreas M. | authorlink14 = Andreas Kogelnik
| last15 = Phan | first15 = Catrina C. | authorlink15 =
| last16 = Danver | first16 = Joan | authorlink16 =
| last17 = Podell | first17 = Richard N. | authorlink17 = Richard Podell
| last18 = Fitzpatrick | first18 = Trisha | authorlink18 =
| last19 = Peterson | first19 = Daniel L. | authorlink19 = Daniel Peterson
| last20 = Gottschalk | first20 = C. Gunnar | authorlink20 = Gunnar Gottschalk
| last21 = Rajeevan | first21 = Mangalathu S. | authorlink21 =
| last22 = MCAM Study Group | first22 = | authorlink22 =
| title = Multi-Site Clinical Assessment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (MCAM): Design and Implementation of a Prospective/Retrospective Rolling Cohort Study.
| journal = American Journal of Epidemiology | volume = 1-10 | issue = | page =
| date = 2017
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1093/aje/kwx029
}}
</ref>
</references>

[[Category:Researchers]]
[[Category:USA researchers]]
[[Category:Clinicians]]
[[Category:American clinicians]]
[[Category:New York clinicians]]

Karl Morten

2017-08-14T16:43:30Z

Samsara:/* Talks & interviews */ formatting

[[File:Karl Morten.png|200px|thumb|right|Source:obs-gyn.ox.ac.uk]]
'''Karl Morten''', PhD, is a senior researcher and laboratory manager at the Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, [[United Kingdom]].<ref>[https://www.obs-gyn.ox.ac.uk/team/karl-morten Oxford University: Karl Morten]</ref>. His work focuses on understanding the role of mitochondria in health and disease. Some of his work has been funded by the [[ME Association]].<ref>[http://www.meassociation.org.uk/2016/05/me-associations-contributions-towards-mitochondrial-muscle-research-in-mecfs-17-may-2016/ ME Association: contributions towards mitochondrial muscle research.]</ref>

==Notable studies==
'''Mitochondrial function in Neutrophils and Monocytes'''

In March 2016 the [[ME Association]] announced it would fund Dr Morten and Professor Joanna Poulton to to assess mitochondrial function in [[Neutrophil]] and [[Monocyte cells]] from ME/CFS patients.<ref>[http://www.meassociation.org.uk/2016/03/me-association-to-fund-fourth-study-into-the-role-of-the-mitochondria-in-mecfs-10-march-2016/ ME Association to fund fourth study into the role of the mitochondria in ME/CFS | 10 March 2016]</ref>

<blockquote>"The pilot study will set up the tests required to assess mitochondrial function in blood samples from ME/CFS patients. This will make the blood tests more globally accessible to a wide range of researchers allowing a more universal validation of the findings of Booth/Myhill."<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2680051/ Booth & Myhill: Chronic fatigue syndrome and mitochondrial dysfunction]</ref></blockquote>

'''ME Association Christmas Appeal 2016'''

The ME Association Christmas Appeal for 2016 seeks to raise £50 000 to fund research by a team led by Dr Morten to study [[metabolomics]] in patients.<ref>[http://me-pedia.org/wiki/Karl_Morten MEA Xmas Appeal Announcment November 2016]</ref> Dr Morten will work alongside scientists from Oxford and Newcastle Universities including Prof [[Julia Newton]]. Part of the team is ME/CFS patient Jamie Strong. <ref>[http://www.meassociation.org.uk/2016/11/make-me-better-why-our-christmas-appeal-has-got-personal-for-jamie-23-november-2016/ Make ME Better! | Why our Christmas Appeal has got personal for Jamie | 23 November 2016]</ref>

The research will focus on the chemical clues left behind by mitochondrial cells and follow on from the work of Dr [[Robert Naviaux]] in this area.<ref>[http://www.pnas.org/content/113/37/E5472 Metabolic features of chronic fatigue syndrome: R Naviaux et al]</ref> 300 blood samples will analysed, many from the [[UK ME/CFS biobank]].

==Talks and interviews==

*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0vxtU0nDlA Talk on Research into Mitochondria & M.E. by Dr Karl Morten], [http://www.meassociation.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/MEA-OMEGA-talk-May-10th.pdf (Slides from the Lecture)]

==Online presence==
*[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Karl_Morten/publications ResearchGate: Karl Morten]
*[https://www.obs-gyn.ox.ac.uk/team/karl-morten; Oxford University: Karl Morten]

==Learn more==
*[http://www.meassociation.org.uk/2016/11/make-me-better-0ur-biggest-ever-christmas-appeal-starts-today-9-november-2016/ ME Association Christmas Appeal 2016]

==See also==
*[[Julia Newton]]
*[[Metabolomics]]
*[[Mitochondria]]
*[[Neutrophil]]
*[[Robert Naviaux]]

==References==
<references>
</references>
[[Category:Researchers]]
[[Category:UK researchers]]

Martin Lev

2017-08-14T16:42:34Z

Samsara:formatting

'''Martin Lev''' was born in 1959 in England. He was a founding member of the patient group [[Action for ME]]. He committed [[suicide]] in 1992.<ref name="LevWiki" />

== Illness ==

Lev suffered from [[Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]] (ME).<ref name="LevWiki" /><ref name="LevIMDb" />

== Interviews ==

Lex was antipathetic towards the [[MEA]]: "If Dr Shepherd and the [[ME Association]] are so keen on having research done on these supposedly ineffective treatments why don't they put their l/4 million worth of research funds into proving or disproving the nutritional approach?"

"Blaming illnesses on mysterious [[virus]]es is very much in vogue these days. But it's becoming very clear to us that 'hunting the bug' ie, blaming ME exclusively on a virus is an incomplete, if not hazardous approach to medicine."(sic)

"One need only look at the many [[AIDS]] patients being made more ill by taking AZT, with its myriad of side-effects…"

"Until we do root out the cause of ME, isn't the best approach to be open to all possible causes and not to pour cold water on complementary approaches, particularly if they are making patients better?"<ref name="LevWDDTY" />

== Advocacy ==

Lev was a founder member of [[Action for ME]]<ref name="LevWiki" /> and at one point was the organisation's president.<ref name="LevIMDb" />

== Online presence ==
*[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0505106/bio?ref_=nm_ov_bio_sm IMDb page]

== See also ==
*[[Arts]]
*[[Charles Shepherd]]

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="LevWiki">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Lev Wikipedia - Martin Lev]</ref>
<ref name="LevIMDb">[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0505106/bio?ref_=nm_ov_bio_sm Martin Lev on IMDb]</ref>
<ref name="LevWDDTY">[https://www.wddty.com/magazine/1991/april/me-time-for-peer-review-of-alternative-therapists-claims.html What Doctors Don't Tell You - ME - time for peer review of alternative therapists claims?]</ref>
</references>

[[Category:People with ME, CFS, and/or FMS]]
[[Category:Famous people with ME, CFS, and/or FMS]]
[[Category:British famous people with ME, CFS, and/or FMS]]

Transient ischemic attack

2017-08-14T16:42:05Z

Samsara:formatting; stub

{{stub}}
''' Transient ischemic attack''' is a temporary loss of blood flow to the brain without tissue damage. Also sometimes called mini-strokes. Unlike a stroke, symptoms can resolved within a few minutes or within 24 hours.

==See also==
*[[Hypoperfusion]]

==References==
<references>

</references>
[[Category:Diagnoses]]

Zoe Gotts

2017-08-14T16:41:32Z

Samsara:/* Talks & interviews */ formatting

'''Zoe M. Gotts''', PhD, is a Trainee Clinical Psychologist at Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust. She's on the Executive Board of the [[UK CFS/ME Research Collaborative]].

==Notable studies==
*2017, [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21641846.2017.1297280 ''Two year follow-up of sleep diaries and polysomnography in chronic fatigue syndrome: a cohort study'', Abstract]<ref name="Davidson, 2017"/>
*2016, [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21641846.2016.1222699 ''Treatment of insomnia reduces fatigue in chronic fatigue syndrome in those able to comply with the intervention'', Abstract]<ref name="GottsZ, 2016"/>
*2016, ''A comparative polysomnography analysis of sleep in healthy controls and patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.'' [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21641846.2016.1167470 Abstract]<ref name="Gotts,Dearya 2016"/>
*2015, [http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0117136 The Association between Daytime Napping and Cognitive Functioning in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]<ref name="Gotts,Ellis, 2015"/>
*2014, ''The role of sleep in chronic fatigue syndrome: a narrative review.'' [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080 Abstract]<ref>Gotts, Z. M., Ellis, J. G., Newton, J. L., & Deary, V. (2014). The role of sleep in chronic fatigue syndrome: a narrative review. ''Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior, 2''(3), 163-184. doi:10.1080/21641846.2014.935607</ref>

==Talks and interviews==
*7 Oct 2014, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-1McDsBfxc M.E. Research and Practice conference at Hove Town Hall]
*14 Nov 2013, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMydZytF8ic Exploring the Role of Sleep in M.E./CFS Action For M.E.]

==Online presence==
*[https://www.linkedin.com/in/zoe-gotts-4b605615 LinkedIn]
*[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zoe_Gotts ResearchGate]

==Learn more==
*Wikipedia
*Institution

==See also==
*[[Julia Newton]]
*[[UK CFS/ME Research Collaborative]]

==References==
<references>
<ref name="Davidson, 2017">
{{Citation
| last1 = Davidson | first1 = Sean L. | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Gotts | first2 = Zoe M. | authorlink2 = Zoe Gotts
| last3 = Ellis | first3 = Jason G. | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Newton | first4 = Julia L. | authorlink4 = Julia Newton
| title = Two year follow-up of sleep diaries and polysomnography in chronic fatigue syndrome: a cohort study
| journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior | volume = | issue = | page =
| date = Mar 2017
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1080/21641846.2017.1297280
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Gotts,Ellis, 2015">
{{Citation
| last1 = Gotts | first1 = Zoe | authorlink1 = Zoe Gotts
| last2 = Ellis | first2 = Jason G. | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Deary | first3 = Vincent | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Barclay | first4 = Nicola | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Newton | first5 = Julia L. | authorlink5 = Julia Newton
| title = The Association between Daytime Napping and Cognitive Functioning in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
| journal = PLoS One | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | page =
| date = 2015
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0117136
}}
</ref>
<ref name="GottsZ, 2016">
{{Citation
| last1 = Gotts | first1 = Zoe | authorlink1 = Zoe Gotts
| last2 = Deary | first2 = Vincent | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Newton | first3 = Julia | authorlink3 = Julia Newton
| last4 = Ellis | first4 = Jason | authorlink4 =
| title = Treatment of insomnia reduces fatigue in chronic fatigue syndrome in those able to comply with the intervention
| journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior | volume = 4 | issue = 4 | page = 208-216
| date = 2016
| doi = 10.1080/21641846.2016.1222699
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Gotts,Dearya 2016">
{{Citation
| last1 = Gotts | first1 = Z.M. | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Dearya | first2 = V. | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Newton | first3 = Julia L. | authorlink3 = Julia Newton
| last4 = Ellis | first4 = J. G. | authorlink4 =
| title = A comparative polysomnography analysis of sleep in healthy controls and patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.
| journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior | volume = 4 | issue = 2 | page = 80-93
| date = 2016
| doi = 10.1080/21641846.2016.1167470
}}
</ref>

</references>

[[Category:Researchers]]
[[Category:UK researchers]]

AIM ImmunoTech

2017-08-14T16:41:00Z

Samsara:formatting

[[File:Hemispherx logo.gif|right|250px]]
'''Hemispherx Biopharma''' is a small American pharmaceutical company that produces the drug [[Ampligen]]. Corporate headquarters are in Philadelphia, PA and the main manufacturing and research facility is in New Brunswick, NJ. In addition to Ampligen, Hemispherx produces Alferon N Injection® and Alferon® LDO (Low Dose Oral). To date, only Alferon N Injection® has [[FDA]] approval. Ampligen and Alferon® LDO are not FDA-approved and are considered experimental.<ref>http://www.hemispherx.net/</ref>

In Feb 2016, Dr. [[William Carter]], then Chairman and CEO, was terminated by the board of directors of Hermispherx Biopharma, who cited that part of the reason was a strong financial austerity plan. William M. Mitchell, M.D., Ph.D. was promoted in house as his replacement.<ref>http://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2016/02/19/philly-biotech-hemispherx-fires-ceo-william-carter.html</ref>

In June 2016, the law suit was resolved between Dr. Carter and Hemispherx regarding the wrongful termination claim. As part of the settlement, the intellectual property rights, including the patent for Ampligen and Alferon, are irrevocably assigned to to Hemispherx.<ref>http://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2016/06/07/hemispherx-gets-ip-rights-from-fired-ceo-carter.html</ref>

==Management==
*[[Thomas Equels|Thomas K. Equels]], M.S., J.D. - Executive Vice Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, President, Secretary & General Counsel
*Adam Pascale, CPA - Chief Financial Officer
*[[David Strayer | David R. Strayer]], M.D. - Chief Scientific & Medical Officer
*Wayne Springate - Senior Vice President of Operations

==Board of directors==
*[[William Mitchell | William M. Mitchell]], M.D., Ph.D. - Chairman of the Board
*Thomas K. Equels, M.S., J.D. - Executive Vice Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, President, Secretary, & General Counsel
*Peter W. Rodino III, Esq.- Lead Director

==Marketing history==
''{{main article|Marketing History of Ampligen}}''

==Online presence==
*[http://www.hemispherx.net/ Website]
*[https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000946644 SEC filings - Hemispherx Biompharma]

==Talks and interviews==
*2016, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVwAHIjNkb4&feature=youtu.be Small Cap Nation - ME/CFS (Updated)] ([[Thomas Equels]])

==Learn more==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemispherx_Biopharma Wikipedia - Hemispherx Biopharma]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rintatolimod Wikipedia - Rintatolimod]
*[http://simmaronresearch.com/2016/05/hemispherx-ampligen-approval-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-top-priority/ http://simmaronresearch.com/2016/05/hemispherx-ampligen-approval-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-top-priority/]
*2016, [https://www.benzinga.com/general/biotech/16/12/8851721/hemispherx-biopharma-ceo-explains-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-and-how-the Hemispherx BioPharma CEO Explains Chronic Fatigue Syndrome And How The Company Is Treating It]<ref>{{citation |last= Hasse|first= Javier|date= 30 December 2016|title= Hemispherx BioPharma CEO Explains Chronic Fatigue Syndrome And How The Company Is Treating It|url= https://www.benzinga.com/general/biotech/16/12/8851721/hemispherx-biopharma-ceo-explains-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-and-how-the|newspaper= Benzinga|location= Detroit Michigan|access-date= }}</ref>
*2016, [http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/150154/docs/Hemispherx-Executive-Informational-Overview-11-27-16.pdf?__hssc=75734090.1.1482434979170&__hstc=75734090.d484bcfed76166643c7e8f36a0c76637.1482434979170.1482434979170.1482434979170.1&__hsfp=4187238277&hsCtaTracking=afde00a7-b0f3-44d3-b072-5febf480affb%7Cb8ddd437-9009-4bb9-a8fe-65a376fff33f Executive Informational Overview by Crystal Research Associates]<ref name="Crystal, 2016"/>
*2016, [http://www.streetinsider.com/Corporate+News/Hemispherx+Biopharma+%28HEB%29+Comments+on+Recent+Meeting+with+NIH+for+MECFS+Research+Advancement/11408291.html Hemispherx Biopharma (HEB) Comments on Recent Meeting with NIH for ME/CFS Research Advancement] (see also [[NIH Post-Infectious ME/CFS Study]])
*2016, [http://www.cortjohnson.org/forums/threads/ampligen-co-inventor-head-of-hemispherx-biopharma-fired-implications-for-me-cfs-drug-unclear.3729/ Ampligen Co-Inventor / Head of Hemispherx Biopharma Fired: Implications for ME/CFS Drug Unclear]
*2014, [http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=96215994 Investor's post about HEB's rocky history]

==See also==
*[[Ampligen]]
*[[Marketing History of Ampligen]]
*[[William Carter]]
*[[David Strayer]]
*[[William Mitchell]]
*[[Thomas Equels]]

==References==
<references>
<ref name="Crystal, 2016">{{citation
| author = Crystal Research Associates
| title = Hemispherx Biopharma, Inc.
| type = Executive Informational Overview
| date = 27 Nov 2016
| url = http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/150154/docs/Hemispherx-Executive-Informational-Overview-11-27-16.pdf?__hssc=75734090.1.1482434979170&__hstc=75734090.d484bcfed76166643c7e8f36a0c76637.1482434979170.1482434979170.1482434979170.1&__hsfp=4187238277&hsCtaTracking=afde00a7-b0f3-44d3-b072-5febf480affb%7Cb8ddd437-9009-4bb9-a8fe-65a376fff33f
}}</ref>
</references>

[[Category:Pharmaceutical companies]]

Chronic Lyme disease

2017-08-14T16:40:20Z

Samsara:formatting

'''Chronic Lyme disease''' is caused by the bacterium [[Borrelia burgdorferi]] and transmitted through the bite of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixodes_scapularis black legged ticks].<ref>[http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/index.html CDC - Lyme Disease]</ref>

== Symptoms ==
The signs and symptoms of Lyme disease vary and usually appear in stages.<ref>[http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lyme-disease/basics/symptoms/CON-20019701 Mayo Clinic - Lyme Disease]</ref>

'''Early Signs and Symptoms'''
*Bull's eye rash (Not always present.)<ref>[http://www.bayarealyme.org/blog/lyme-disease-bullseye-rash/ Bay Area Lyme Foundation - Does Everyone Get the Telltale Bullseye Rash?]</ref>
*Flu-like symptoms

'''Later Signs and Symptoms'''
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythema_chronicum_migrans Erythema migrans]<ref>[http://www.medicinenet.com/image-collection/lyme_disease_erythema-migrans_picture/picture.htm MedicineNet.com Picture of Lyme Disease (Erythema-Migrans)]</ref>
*[[Neurological]] problems

'''Less Common Signs and Symptoms'''
*Heart problems, such as irregular heartbeat.
*Eye inflammation
*Liver inflammation (hepatitis).
*Severe [[fatigue]]

== Blood and other laboratory tests ==

===United States===
*[http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/diagnosistesting/labtest/twostep/index.html Two-step Laboratory Testing Process] (CDC: EIA/IFA and Western Blot)
*[http://lymediseaseguide.org/types-of-lyme-disease-tests Types of Lyme Disease Tests] (LymeDiseaseGuide.org)
*[http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/diagnosistesting/LabTest/OtherLab/index.html Laboratory tests that are not recommended] (CDC)

=== United Kingdom ===
*BBC1 Lyme Disease Discussion - Some patients have waited up to 30 years for a correct diagnosis. [[National Health Service]] (NHS) services have only correctly identified the disease in a quarter of the patients. The blood tests are unreliable and often come back negative. The development of an accurate blood test is in need of research funding.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1-a8kowVkE&app=desktop&utm_content=buffer99c3a&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer BBC1 Lyme Disease 27.02.2016 - YouTube]</ref>

*[[Department of Health]] [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130107105354/http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_106528.pdf Testing for Lyme Disease - Pg. 4]

===False positives===
Several herpesviruses including [[varicella zoster virus]]<ref name="Feder1991"/><ref name="Woelfle1998"/>, [[cytomegalovirus]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]],<ref name="Goossens1999"/> and [[HSV-2]]<ref name="Strasfeld2005"/> may cause false positives on Lyme Disease tests.

=== News media on unapproved tests ===
2014, [http://news.wgbh.org/post/federal-loopholes-compromise-lyme-disease-testing Federal Loopholes Compromise Lyme Disease Testing]

2013, [https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/health-wellness/2013/10/20/many-tests-diagnose-lyme-but-proof-they/ISjAcxmZxkk2disi94ENfI/story.html Many tests to diagnose Lyme, but no proof they work]

2013, [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/778482 Lyme Culture Test Causes Uproar]

2005, [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/23/health/policy/unproved-lyme-disease-tests-prompt-warnings.html?_r=0 Unproved Lyme Disease Tests Prompt Warnings]

== Treatment and management ==

*Approach Considerations<ref>[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330178-treatment Lyme Disease Treatment & Management - Medscape - Approach Considerations]</ref>
*Treatment of Early [[Lyme disease]]<ref>[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330178-treatment#d7 Lyme Disease Treatment & Management - Medscape - Treatment of Early Lyme Disease]</ref>
*Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome ('''Chronic lyme disease''')<ref>[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330178-treatment#d13 Lyme Disease Treatment & Management - Medscape - Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome ]</ref><ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/postlds/index.html Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome]</ref>

==Co-infections==

===Herpesviruses===

Lyme may cause reactivation of latent [[herpesvirus]]es. At the same time, several herpesviruses including [[varicella zoster virus]]<ref name="Feder1991"/><ref name="Woelfle1998"/>, [[cytomegalovirus]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]],<ref name="Goossens1999"/> and [[HSV-2]]<ref name="Strasfeld2005"/> may cause false positives on Lyme Disease tests.

== Research ==
*2016, [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/01/160118102524.htm Ticks that transmit Lyme disease reported in nearly half of all US counties.] ''ScienceDaily'', Entomological Society of America

*2016, [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/02/160208135440.htm Researchers identify new Borrelia species that causes Lyme disease], ''ScienceDaily'', Mayo Clinic

*2016, [https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2016/02/401581/gene-signature-could-lead-new-way-diagnosing-lyme? Gene Signature Could Lead To A New Way Of Diagnosing Lyme], ''UCSF News Center'', Laura Kurtzman

*2013, [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/03/130321205712.htm Quirky Lyme disease bacteria: Unlike most organisms, they don't need iron, but crave manganese], ''ScienceDaily'', Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

=== Pathobiome paradigm ===
Some future research will focus on a spectrum of pathogens instead of a "one pathogen-one disease" vision.<ref name="VayssierT2015"/>

== Lyme Disease vs Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ==
*2016, [http://simmaronresearch.com/2016/08/post-lyme-disease-and-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-mecfs-are-they-the-same/ Post Lyme Disease and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) – Are They The Same?]

*2011, Lyme Disease and [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] are different diseases. Research is published on cerebrospinal fluid, and distinct differences were found.<ref name="Schutzer2011"/>

*2009, "The [[Department of Health]] remains concerned about the growing number of patients, particularly those suffering from chronic conditions such as myalgic encephalopathy ([[ME]]) or chronic fatigue syndrome, who receive a false diagnosis of Lyme disease from private laboratories offering unvalidated tests that lack the sensitivity and specificity to detect B. burgdorferi. A report of the Department’s investigation into the use of such tests in the diagnosis of Lyme disease is available at [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130107105354/http://dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_4138917.pdf ''Report on Lyme Disease'': Unorthodox and Unvalidated Laboratory Tests in the Diagnosis of Lyme Borreliosis and in Relation to Medically Unexplained Symptoms]. Misinformation about Lyme disease is readily available to patients via the internet and can lead them to seek inappropriate diagnosis and treatment." <ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130107105354/http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_106528.pdf Testing for Lyme Disease - Pg. 4 - CMO Update - 2009]</ref>

*There are many historical [[outbreaks]] of [[Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]] and [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] that do not correlate with a tick-borne pathogen.

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="Feder1991">{{citation
| last1 = Feder | first1 = HM Jr | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Gerber | first2 = MA | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Luger | first3 = SW | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Ryan | first4 = RW | authorlink4 =
| title = False-positive serologic tests for Lyme disease after varicella infection
| journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 325 | issue = 26 | page = 1886-7
| date = Dec 1991
| pmid = 1961232
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1961232
}}</ref>

<ref name="Goossens1999">{{citation
| last1 = Goossens | first1 = HA | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Nohlmans | first2 = MK | authorlink2 =
| last3 = van den Bogaard | first3 = AE | authorlink3 =
| title = Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infections cause false-positive results in IgM two-test protocol for early Lyme borreliosis
| journal = Infection | volume = 27 | issue = 3 | page = 231
| date = May 1999
| pmid = 10378140
| url = http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02561539
}}</ref>

<ref name="Schutzer2011">{{citation
| last1 = Schutzer | first1 = SE | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Angel | first2 = TE | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Liu | first3 = T | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Schepmoes | first4 = AA | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Clauss | first5 = TR | authorlink5 =
| last6 = Adkins | first6 = JN | authorlink6 =
| last7 = Camp | first7 = DG | authorlink7 =
| last8 = Holland | first8 = BK | authorlink8 =
| last9 = Bergquist | first9 = J | authorlink9 =
| last10 = Coyle | first10= PK | authorlink10=
| last11 = Smith | first11= RD | authorlink11=
| last12 = Fallon | first12= BA | authorlink12=
| last13 = Natelson | first13= BH | authorlink13=
| title = Distinct Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomes Differentiate Post-Treatment Lyme Disease from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
| journal = PLoS One | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | page = e17287
| date = 23 Feb 2011
| pmid = 21383843 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0017287
| url = http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0017287
}}</ref>

<ref name="Strasfeld2005">{{citation
| last1 = Strasfeld | first1 = L | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Romanzi | first2 = L | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Seder | first3 = RH | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Berardi | first4 = VP | authorlink4 =
| title = False-Positive Serological Test Results for Lyme Disease in a Patient with Acute Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2
| journal = Clin Infect Dis | volume = 41 | issue = 12 | page = 1826-1827
| date = 2005
| pmid = 16288417
| doi = 10.1086/498319
| url = http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/41/12/1826.full
}}</ref>

<ref name="VayssierT2015">{{citation
| last1 = Vayssier-Taussat | first1 = M | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Kazimirova | first2 = M | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Hubalek | first3 = Z | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Hornok | first4 = S | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Farkas | first5 = R | authorlink5 =
| last6 = Cosson | first6 = JF | authorlink6 =
| last7 = Bonnet | first7 = S | authorlink7 =
| last8 = Vourch | first8 = G | authorlink8 =
| last9 = Gasqui | first9 = P | authorlink9 =
| last10 = Mihalca | first10= AD | authorlink10=
| last11 = Plantard | first11= O | authorlink11=
| last12 = Silaghi | first12= C | authorlink12=
| last13 = Cutler | first13= S | authorlink13=
| last14 = Rizzlo | first14= A | authorlink14=
| title = Emerging horizons for tick-borne pathogens: from the 'one pathogen-one disease' vision to the pathobiome paradigm
| journal = Future Microbiol | volume = 10 | issue = 12 | page = 2033-43
| date = 19 Nov 2015
| pmid = 26610021 | doi = 10.2217/fmb.15.114
| url = http://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/abs/10.2217/fmb.15.114
}}</ref>

<ref name="Woelfle1998">{{citation
| last1 = Woelfle | first1 = J | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Wilske | first2 = B | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Haverkamp | first3 = F | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Bialek | first4 = R | authorlink4 =
| title = False-positive serological tests for Lyme disease in facial palsy and varicella zoster meningo-encephalitis
| journal = Eur J Pediatr | volume = 157 | issue = 1 | page = 953-4
| date = Nov 1998
| pmid = 9835449
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9835449
}}</ref>
</references>

[[Category:Diagnoses]]
[[Category:Comorbidities]]

Stephen Holgate

2017-08-14T16:38:38Z

Samsara:formatting

Professor '''Stephen Holgate''' is the Chair of the [[UK CFS/ME Research Collaborative]] and Medical Research Council Clinical Professor of Immunopharmacology and Honorary Consultant Physician within Medicine at the University of Southampton, Southampton, England.<ref>http://www.southampton.ac.uk/medicine/about/staff/sth.page</ref>

Bio in ''Nature Reviews'': "He received his medical degree from the University of London, UK, M.D. by thesis and D.Sc. from the University of Southampton. From 1978 to 1980 he spent a postdoctoral fellowship at Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, researching inflammatory mechanisms. His current research is directed towards the pathophysiology of asthma and allied disorders, with a special interest in understanding how environmental exposures such as allergens, virus infections and air pollutants interact with the airways in the induction and exacerbation of asthma."<ref>http://www.kcl.ac.uk/innovation/groups/projects/cfs/publications/assets/2011/Holgatecomplexillness.pdf</ref>

Having chaired the UK CFS/ME Research Collaborative since its inception in 2013, he has stated that he wants to develop a "dream team" of the best researchers working on the UK CFS/ME Research Collaborative. One the projects launched by the Collaborative is the [[Grand Challenge]], called such because its goal is to study ten thousand patients.<ref>http://www.meaction.net/2016/04/28/professor-stephen-holgate-uk-has-dream-team-for-grand-challenge/</ref>

He believes that ME/CFS could have twelve to fifteen different ‘causal pathways’ and that may be the reason it has been so hard to decipher.<ref>http://phoenixrising.me/archives/18222</ref>

==Articles==
*2013, [http://phoenixrising.me/archives/18222 A Dozen Different Diseases? Stephen Holgate Calls for Radical Change in ME/CFS Research]
*2013, [http://www.forward-me.org.uk/2nd%20July%202013.htm Forward ME Minutes of the Meeting 2 Jul 2013 - Professor Stephen Holgate invited to speak].
*2013, [http://www.southampton.ac.uk/news/2013/04/patients-with-chronic-fatigue.page Patients with chronic fatigue use additional areas of brain when using memory]
*2013, [http://phoenixrising.me/archives/16786 Launch of inclusive UK CFS/ME Research Collaborative]
*2011, [http://www.kcl.ac.uk/innovation/groups/projects/cfs/publications/assets/2011/Holgatecomplexillness.pdf Chronic fatigue syndrome: understanding a complex illness.]<ref>Holgate ST, Komaroff AL, Mangan D, Wessely S. (2011) Chronic fatigue syndrome: understanding a complex illness. ''Nature Reviews: Neuroscience, 12''(9):539-44. Retrieved from http://www.kcl.ac.uk/innovation/groups/projects/cfs/publications/assets/2011/Holgatecomplexillness.pdf on 18 Jul 2016</ref>

==Talks and interviews==
*2015, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69Jz43kSQX0 UK CFS/M.E. Research Collaborative Science Conference Day 1]
*2014, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nixGEMjBxc Edinburgh M.E. Self-help Group (edmesh) Open Meeting May 2014 - Stephen Holgate Speaking]
*2013, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZV49dGf12c Prof Stephen Holgate, Chair of the UK CFS/M.E. Research Collaborative, gives the keynote speech at our 2013 AGM and research conference in London.]

==Learn more==
*[http://www.southampton.ac.uk/medicine/about/staff/sth.page Sethphen Holgate's Faculty page at University of Southampton]
*[[UK CFS/ME Research Collaborative]]
*[[Grand Challenge]]

==Pubmed related to ME/CFS==
*2011, [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21792218 Chronic fatigue syndrome: understanding a complex illness.]<ref>Holgate ST, Komaroff AL, Mangan D, Wessely S. (2011) Chronic fatigue syndrome: understanding a complex illness. ''Nature Reviews: Neuroscience, 12''(9):539-44. doi: 10.1038/nrn3087. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21792218 on 18 Jul 2016</ref>

==References==
<references>

</references>
[[Category:Researchers]]
[[Category:UK researchers]]

Ryan Prior

2017-08-14T16:38:05Z

Samsara:/* Illness onset leads To advocacy */ formatting

[[File:Ryan Prior.jpg|thumb|right|Photo from ProHealth]]

'''Ryan Prior''' is an advocate who wrote and co-directed the documentary, ''[[Forgotten Plague]]'', based on his experiences as well as others living with [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]]/[[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (ME/CFS). The topics of science and politics of [[ME/CFS]] were also included.

== Illness onset leads to advocacy ==
In 2006 Ryan Prior was a healthy, athletic high school student when he became ill with [[ME/CFS]]. After graduating college and becoming a journalist he wrote an article for [http://college.usatoday.com/2013/06/10/opinion-telling-the-hidden-story-of-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/ USA Today: College] [http://college.usatoday.com/2012/10/02/opinion-the-real-story-of-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/ ''Viewpoint: The real story of chronic fatigue syndrome''] and received so much feedback that he realized he needed to do more to report on the disease and produced a documentary: "A Film That Tells The Great Under-Reported Medical Story Of Our Time." His crowdfund raised $120,000 for ''[[Forgotten Plague]]''. Prior and his wife, [[Nicole Castillo]], co-directed.<ref>[http://mecfsdocumentary.com/fundraising/ Forgotten Plague Total Funds Raised:$120,000]</ref>

Prior also founded [[The Blue Ribbon Fellowship]] to educate students in the disease [[ME/CFS]]. Currently only 5% of medical schools have proper curricular, research and clinical standards of care for the disease.<ref>[http://theblueribbonfoundation.org/fellowship-details/ Fellowship Details]</ref>

== Awards ==
*[http://www.eaglerarelife.com/rarelives_winners_2017 2017 Eagle Rare Life ''Leadership Category'' Award] $5K Prize
*Stanford MedX ePatient Scholar<ref>[http://medicinex.stanford.edu/conf/a/medx2014/conference/speaker/247 ePatient Scholar; Executive Producer, The Blue Ribbon]</ref>

*ProHealth's 2014 Advocate of the Year<ref>[http://www.prohealth.com/library/showarticle.cfm?libid=19960 ProHealth's 2014 Advocate of the Year]</ref>

== Nominations ==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle_Rare Eagle Rare] 2017 ''Rare Life Honor''<ref>[http://www.eaglerarelife.com/content/rare-life-honor Eagle Rare - Rare Life Honor]</ref> Award and Contest open for [http://www.eaglerarelife.com/content/ryan-prior international daily voting until January 2017]. *Won Leadership category and $5K Award*

== Talks and interviews ==
*2016, [http://www.insicknesspod.com/blog/10-21-ryanprior In Sickness + In Health - Podcast 36 - ME/CFS & POTS w Ryan Prior] (Begins at 11:45)
*2016, [https://justtalkingpodcast.com/2016/10/11/with-ryan-prior/ Just Talking Podcast]
*2014, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJbSpdy7Kek [[ME/CFS Alert]] Episode 58 - Ryan Prior and the Blue Ribbon Foundation]
*2014, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eoj_0uXp68I [[ME/CFS Alert]] Episode 57 - Patient Perspectives - Ryan Prior and the Blue Ribbon Fellowship]
*23 Jan 2014, [https://soundcloud.com/ryan-prior-1/jimbo Dr. [[Andreas Kogelnik]], Ryan Prior and [[Llewellyn King]] appeared on “The Jim Bohannon Show”]

==Media exposure==
*17 June 2013, [https://whchronicle.com/a-young-man-a-big-disease-and-a-big-idea/ ''A Young Man, a Big Disease and a Big Idea'']

== Online presence ==
*[https://twitter.com/r_prior Twitter]

*[https://www.facebook.com/ryan.prior.144 Facebook]

*[http://rtprior.com/ Website]

== See also ==
*[[The Blue Ribbon Foundation]]
*[[Nicole Castillo]]

== References ==
<references>

</references>

[[Category:People with ME, CFS, and/or FMS]] [[Category:Advocates or allies]][[Category:American advocates or allies]]

Ryan Prior

2017-08-14T16:37:40Z

Samsara:formatting

[[File:Ryan Prior.jpg|thumb|right|Photo from ProHealth]]

'''Ryan Prior''' is an advocate who wrote and co-directed the documentary, ''[[Forgotten Plague]]'', based on his experiences as well as others living with [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]]/[[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (ME/CFS). The topics of science and politics of [[ME/CFS]] were also included.

== Illness onset leads To advocacy ==
In 2006 Ryan Prior was a healthy, athletic high school student when he became ill with [[ME/CFS]]. After graduating college and becoming a journalist he wrote an article for [http://college.usatoday.com/2013/06/10/opinion-telling-the-hidden-story-of-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/ USA Today: College] [http://college.usatoday.com/2012/10/02/opinion-the-real-story-of-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/ ''Viewpoint: The real story of chronic fatigue syndrome''] and received so much feedback that he realized he needed to do more to report on the disease and produced a documentary: "A Film That Tells The Great Under-Reported Medical Story Of Our Time." His crowdfund raised $120,000 for ''[[Forgotten Plague]]''. Prior and his wife, [[Nicole Castillo]], co-directed.<ref>[http://mecfsdocumentary.com/fundraising/ Forgotten Plague Total Funds Raised:$120,000]</ref>

Prior also founded [[The Blue Ribbon Fellowship]] to educate students in the disease [[ME/CFS]]. Currently only 5% of medical schools have proper curricular, research and clinical standards of care for the disease.<ref>[http://theblueribbonfoundation.org/fellowship-details/ Fellowship Details]</ref>

== Awards ==
*[http://www.eaglerarelife.com/rarelives_winners_2017 2017 Eagle Rare Life ''Leadership Category'' Award] $5K Prize
*Stanford MedX ePatient Scholar<ref>[http://medicinex.stanford.edu/conf/a/medx2014/conference/speaker/247 ePatient Scholar; Executive Producer, The Blue Ribbon]</ref>

*ProHealth's 2014 Advocate of the Year<ref>[http://www.prohealth.com/library/showarticle.cfm?libid=19960 ProHealth's 2014 Advocate of the Year]</ref>

== Nominations ==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle_Rare Eagle Rare] 2017 ''Rare Life Honor''<ref>[http://www.eaglerarelife.com/content/rare-life-honor Eagle Rare - Rare Life Honor]</ref> Award and Contest open for [http://www.eaglerarelife.com/content/ryan-prior international daily voting until January 2017]. *Won Leadership category and $5K Award*

== Talks and interviews ==
*2016, [http://www.insicknesspod.com/blog/10-21-ryanprior In Sickness + In Health - Podcast 36 - ME/CFS & POTS w Ryan Prior] (Begins at 11:45)
*2016, [https://justtalkingpodcast.com/2016/10/11/with-ryan-prior/ Just Talking Podcast]
*2014, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJbSpdy7Kek [[ME/CFS Alert]] Episode 58 - Ryan Prior and the Blue Ribbon Foundation]
*2014, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eoj_0uXp68I [[ME/CFS Alert]] Episode 57 - Patient Perspectives - Ryan Prior and the Blue Ribbon Fellowship]
*23 Jan 2014, [https://soundcloud.com/ryan-prior-1/jimbo Dr. [[Andreas Kogelnik]], Ryan Prior and [[Llewellyn King]] appeared on “The Jim Bohannon Show”]

==Media exposure==
*17 June 2013, [https://whchronicle.com/a-young-man-a-big-disease-and-a-big-idea/ ''A Young Man, a Big Disease and a Big Idea'']

== Online presence ==
*[https://twitter.com/r_prior Twitter]

*[https://www.facebook.com/ryan.prior.144 Facebook]

*[http://rtprior.com/ Website]

== See also ==
*[[The Blue Ribbon Foundation]]
*[[Nicole Castillo]]

== References ==
<references>

</references>

[[Category:People with ME, CFS, and/or FMS]] [[Category:Advocates or allies]][[Category:American advocates or allies]]

Gary Kaplan

2017-08-14T16:37:00Z

Samsara:/* Talks & interviews */ formatting

[[File:Gary Kaplan.png|200px|thumb|right|Source:kaplanclinic ]]
'''Gary E. Kaplan''', D.O., the founder and medical director of the Kaplan Center for Integrative Medicine, McLean, Virginia. He is board-certified in Family Medicine, Pain Medicine, and Medical Acupuncture.

==Books==
*2014, ''Total Recovery: Breaking the Cycle of Chronic Pain and Depression'' by Dr. Gary Kaplan with Donna Beech (ISBN-13: 978-1623365615). The book covers Dr. Kaplan's theory that many chronic conditions such as [[migraine]]s, [[fibromyalgia]], [[chronic fatigue syndrome]], chronic back pain, [[depression]], [[anxiety]], and [[PTSD]], is caused by a deep-rooted [[inflammation]] in the brain that can last weeks to years and includes ways to help regain health.<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Total-Recovery-Breaking-Chronic-Depression/dp/1623365619/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1489599964&sr=8-1&keywords=Gary+E.+Kaplan#reader_1623365619</ref>

==Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee==
Dr. Kaplan served as a voting member of the [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]] from 10/01/13 to 5/15/15,<ref name="krafchick.com"/> and 05/15/15 to 05/15/17.<ref name="Spring, 2016"/> He has served as Chair of the Working Group.

==Notable studies==

==Talks and interviews==

==Online presence==
*[https://kaplanclinic.com/the-kaplan-team/gary-kaplan/ The Kaplan Center for Integrative Medicine]

==Learn more==

==See also==
*[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]

==References==
<references>
<ref name="krafchick.com">{{citation
| author = HHS.gov
| title = Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee Roster
| type = pdf
| date =
| url = http://www.krafchick.com/pdfs/cfsac_members.pdf
}}</ref>
<ref name="Spring, 2016">{{citation
| author = HHS.gov
| title = CFSAC Spring 2016 Webinar Meeting Minutes – Day 1
| type = Roster
| date = 2016
| url = https://www.hhs.gov/ash/advisory-committees/cfsac/meetings/2016-05-17/cfsac-spring-2016-webinar-meeting-minutes-day-1/index.html
}}</ref>
</references>

[[Category:Researchers]]
[[Category:USA researchers]]
[[Category:Clinicians]]
[[Category:American clinicians]]
[[category:Virginia clinicians]]
[[Category:CFSAC members]]

Molly Brown

2017-08-14T16:36:41Z

Samsara:/* Talks & interviews */ formatting

[[File:Molly Brown.png|200px|thumb|right|Source:DePaul]]
'''Molly M. Brown''', PhD in Psychology, is an Assistant Professor, Clinical-Community Psychology, College of Science and Health, De Paul University, Chicago, Illinois.

==Open letters==
*2017, Dr. Brown was one of the signers of [[An open letter to Psychological Medicine about “recovery” and the PACE trial]]

==Notable studies==
*2013, Energy conservation/envelope theory interventions. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3596172/ Full Text]<ref name="Jason, 2013"/>
*2012, Understanding long-term outcomes of chronic fatigue syndrome. <blockquote> Abstract: "In a follow-up study "of the 25 participants diagnosed with CFS 25 years ago, 5 self-reported that they maintained a diagnosis of CFS, while 20 reported no longer having a CFS diagnosis...Those who remitted from CFS showed significantly more impairment on 21 out of 23 outcomes compared with controls,...suggest[ing] that over time many individuals will not maintain a CFS diagnosis but will not return to their premorbid level of functioning."<ref>Brown MM, [[David Bell|Bell DS]], [[Leonard Jason|Jason LA]], Christos C, Bell DE. (2012). Understanding long-term outcomes of chronic fatigue syndrome. ''Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68''(9):1028-35. doi: 10.1002/jclp.21880. Epub 2012 Jun 29. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22753044</ref></blockquote>
*2012, Contrasting case definitions for chronic fatigue syndrome, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and myalgic encephalomyelitis<ref>{{Citation| doi = 10.1177/0163278711424281| issn = 1552-3918| volume = 35| issue = 3| pages = 280–304| last1 = Jason| first1 = Leonard A.| last2 = Brown| first2 = Abigail| last3 = Clyne| first3 = Erin| last4 = Bartgis| first4 = Lindsey| last5 = Evans| first5 = Meredyth| last6 = Brown| first6 = Molly| title = Contrasting case definitions for chronic fatigue syndrome, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and myalgic encephalomyelitis| journal = Evaluation & the Health Professions| date = September 2012| pmid = 22158691| pmc = 3658447}}</ref>
*2012, Factor analysis of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with patients with chronic fatigue syndrome<ref>Brown, M., Kaplan, C., & [[Leonard Jason|Jason, L.]] (2012). Factor analysis of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Health Psychology, 17, 799-808. doi: 10.1177/1359105311424470</ref>
*2010, Possible Genetic Dysregulation in Pediatric CFS [http://file.scirp.org/pdf/Psych.20100400004_58674684.pdf (FULL TEXT)]<blockquote>Abstract: "Hypocortisolism is a frequent finding in individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and could play an explanatory role in the development of illness symptomatology. The etiologic mechanism behind this finding could be genetic variance in glucocorticoid receptor expression (GR) or increased resistance to the effects of glucocorticoids. Several investigators believe that allelic variance in a GR (NR3C1) mediates the expression of chronic fatigue possibly through influence on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function [1]. In addition, several immunologic variables are associated with CFS. The nuclear factor kappa beta (NFkB) pathway is heavily involved in cellular transcription and regulation and has been shown to be associated with the development of CFS. The NFkB pathway is directly regulated by and influences the presence of GR [2]. Our study focused on assessing whether such inflammatory transcription is occurring during adolescent years. Findings indicated decreased expression of NFKB1, NFKB2, and NR3C1. A decrease in the expression of these genes may have effects on immune cell function and cytokine production that could explain immunologic findings seen in individuals with CFS."<ref>[[Leonard Jason|Jason, L.]], Sorenson, M., Porter, N., Brown, M., Lerch, A., Van der Eb, C. & [[Judy Mikovits|Mikovits, J.]] (2010). Possible Genetic Dysregulation in Pediatric CFS. Psychology, 1, 247-251. doi: 10.4236/psych.2010.14033. </ref></blockquote>
*2009, [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26756562_The_Relationship_of_Fennell_Phases_to_Symptoms_Among_Patients_With_Chronic_Fatigue_Syndrome The relationship of Fennell phases to symptoms among patients with chronic fatigue syndrome]<blockquote>"Abstract: The Fennell Phase Inventory (FPI) is an instrument designed to measure phases of the illnesses known as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). The current study explored how the FPI was related to physical and psychological functioning as well as coping style. Based on FPI scores, 111 adults with ME/CFS were placed in one of three groups: crisis, stabilization, or resolution. Results showed that the crisis group demonstrated significantly worse functioning than at least one other group for depression, quality of life, mental functioning, anxiety, and self-efficacy; and utilized less adaptive coping styles. These results indicate that patients with ME/CFS who are in the crisis phase tend to experience more severe psychological and physical symptoms and utilize poorer coping strategies. Those in the resolution phase maintain the most adaptive coping strategies. Implications for these findings are discussed."<ref name="Reynolds, 2009"/></blockquote>
*2009, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3821173/ Activity Logs as a Measure of Daily Activity Among Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. (Full text)]<ref name="JasonLA, 2009"/>
*2008, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2730359/ The associations between basal salivary cortisol levels and illness symptomatology in chronic fatigue syndrome. (Full text)] <blockquote>"Abstract: Hypocortisolism has been reported in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), with the significance of this finding to disease etiology unclear. This study examined cortisol levels and their relationships with symptoms in a group of 108 individuals with CFS. CFS symptoms examined included fatigue, pain, sleep difficulties, neurocognitive functioning, and psychiatric status. Alterations in cortisol levels were examined by calculation of mean daily cortisol, while temporal variation in cortisol function was examined by means of a regression slope. Additionally, deviation from expected cortisol diurnal pattern was determined via clinical judgment. Results indicated that fatigue and pain were associated with salivary cortisol levels. In particular, variance from the expected pattern of cortisol was associated with increased levels of fatigue. The implications of these findings are discussed."<ref name="Torres-Harding, 2008"/></blockquote>
*2008, Baseline [[Cortisol]] Levels Predict Treatment Outcomes in [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] Nonpharmacologic Clinical Trial<blockquote> "Abstract - Objective: Understanding how nonpharmacologic interventions differentially affect the subgroups of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) might provide insights into the pathophysiology of this illness. In this exploratory study, baseline measures of normal versus abnormal cortisol were compared on a variety of immune markers and other self-report measures. Normal versus abnormal cortisol ratings were used as predictors in a nurse-delivered nonpharmacologic intervention. Methods: Participants diagnosed with CFS were assigned to 6-month nonpharmacologic interventions. Individuals were classified as having abnormal or normal cortisol levels on the basis of scores over the five testing times. Cortisol levels were considered abnormal if they continued to rise, were flat, or were at abnormally low over time. Results: Across interventions, those with abnormal cortisol at the baseline appeared not to improve over time, whereas those with normal baseline cortisol evidenced improvements on a number of immunologic and self-report measures. Conclusion: It appears that, in subgroups of individuals with CFS, baseline cortisol markers are associated with outcome trajectories for nonpharmacologic treatment trials. The implications of these findings are discussed."<ref>[[Leonard Jason|Leonard A. Jason]], [[Susan Torres-Harding]], Kevin Maher, Nadia Reynolds, Molly Brown, Matthew Sorenson, Julie Donalek, Karina Corradi, [[Mary Ann Fletcher]] & Tony Lu. (2007). Baseline Cortisol Levels Predict Treatment Outcomes in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Nonpharmacologic Clinical Trial. ''Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome'', Vol. 14, Iss. 4, pp. 39-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10573320802092039</ref></blockquote>
*2007, Baseline Cortisol Levels Predict Treatment Outcomes in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Nonpharmacologic Clinical Trial<blockquote> "Abstract - Objective: Understanding how nonpharmacologic interventions differentially affect the subgroups of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) might provide insights into the pathophysiology of this illness. In this exploratory study, baseline measures of normal versus abnormal cortisol were compared on a variety of immune markers and other self-report measures. Normal versus abnormal cortisol ratings were used as predictors in a nurse-delivered nonpharmacologic intervention. Methods: Participants diagnosed with CFS were assigned to 6-month nonpharmacologic interventions. Individuals were classified as having abnormal or normal cortisol levels on the basis of scores over the five testing times. Cortisol levels were considered abnormal if they continued to rise, were flat, or were at abnormally low over time. Results: Across interventions, those with abnormal cortisol at the baseline appeared not to improve over time, whereas those with normal baseline cortisol evidenced improvements on a number of immunologic and self-report measures. Conclusion: It appears that, in subgroups of individuals with CFS, baseline cortisol markers are associated with outcome trajectories for nonpharmacologic treatment trials. The implications of these findings are discussed."<ref name="Jason, Torres-Harding, 2007"/></blockquote>

==Talks and interviews==

==Online presence==
*[https://csh.depaul.edu/faculty-staff/faculty-a-z/Pages/psychology/molly-brown.aspx Faculty bio page]

==Learn more==

==See also==

==References==
<references>
<ref name="Jason, 2013">
{{Citation
| last1 = Jason | first1 = LA | authorlink1 = Leonard Jason
| last2 = Brown | first2 = M | authorlink2 = Molly Brown
| last3 = Brown | first3 = A | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Evans | first4 = M | authorlink4 = Meredyth Evans
| last5 = Flores | first5 = S | authorlink5 =
| last6 = Grant-Holler | first6 = E | authorlink6 =
| last7 = Sunnquist | first7 = M | authorlink7 = Madison Sunnquist
| title = Energy conservation/envelope theory interventions
| journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior | volume = 1 | issue = 1-2 | page = 27-42
| date = 2013
| doi = 10.1080/21641846.2012.733602
}}
</ref>
<ref name="JasonLA, 2009">
{{Citation
| last1 = Jason | first1 = L.A. | authorlink1 = Leonard Jason
| last2 = Timpo | first2 = P. | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Porter | first3 = N. | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Herrington | first4 = J. | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Brown | first5 = M. | authorlink5 = Molly Brown
| last6 = Torres-Harding | first6 = S. | authorlink6 = Susan Torres-Harding
| last7 = Friedberg | first7 = F. | authorlink7 = Fred Friedberg
| title = Activity logs as a measure of daily activity among patients with CFS.
| journal = Journal of Mental Health | volume = 18 | issue = 6 | page = 549-556
| date = 2009
| pmid = 24222721
| doi = 10.3109/09638230903191249
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Jason, Torres-Harding, 2007">
{{Citation
| last1 = Jason | first1 = Leonard A. | authorlink1 = Leonard Jason
| last2 = Torres-Harding | first2 = Susan | authorlink2 = Susan Torres-Harding
| last3 = Maher | first3 = Kevin | authorlink3 =
| last4 = Reynolds | first4 = Nadia | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Brown | first5 = Molly | authorlink5 = Molly Brown
| last6 = Sorenson | first6 = Matthew | authorlink6 =
| last7 = Donalek | first7 = Julie | authorlink7 =
| last8 = Corradi | first8 = Karina | authorlink8 =
| last9 = Fletcher | first9 = Mary Ann | authorlink9 = Mary Ann Fletcher
| last10 = Lu | first10 = Tony | authorlink10 =
| title = Baseline Cortisol Levels Predict Treatment Outcomes in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Nonpharmacologic Clinical Trial
| journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 14 | issue = 4 | page = 39-59
| date = 2007
| pmid =
| doi = 10.3109/10573320802092039
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Reynolds, 2009">
{{Citation
| last1 = Reynolds | first1 = Nadia L | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Brown | first2 = Molly M | authorlink2 = Molly Brown
| last3 = Jason | first3 = LA | authorlink3 = Leonard Jason
| title = The relationship of Fennell phases to symptoms among patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
| journal = Evaluation & the Health Professions | volume = 32 | issue = 3 | page = 264-80
| date = 2009
| pmid = 19696083
| doi = 10.1177/0163278709338558
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Torres-Harding, 2008">
{{Citation
| last1 = Torres-Harding | first1 = Susan | authorlink1 = Susan Torres-Harding
| last2 = Sorenson | first2 = Matthew | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Jason | first3 = Leonard | authorlink3 = Leonard Jason
| last4 = Maher | first4 = Kevin | authorlink4 =
| last5 = Fletcher | first5 = Mary Ann | authorlink5 = Mary Ann Fletcher
| last6 = Reynolds | first6 = Nadia | authorlink6 =
| last7 = Brown | first7 = Molly | authorlink7 = Molly Brown
| title = The associations between basal salivary cortisol and illness symptomatology in chronic fatigue syndrome
| journal = Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research | volume = 2008 | issue = 13 | page = 157-180
| date = 2008
| pmid = 19701493
}}
</ref>
</references>

[[Category:Researchers]]
[[Category:USA researchers]]
[[Category:Psychological paradigm critics]]
[[Category:PACE trial critics]]

Tickle ME - Stories Of A Brain Fogged Girl

2017-08-14T16:36:20Z

Samsara:formatting

{{Infobox book
| name = Tickle ME - Stories Of A Brain Fogged Girl
| image = File:Tickle me.jpg
| caption =
| author = [[Hayley Green]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = United Kingdom
| language = English
| subject =
| genre =
| publisher = Self-published
| pub_date = 2014
| media_type = digital
| pages = 25
| website =
}}
'''Tickle ME - Stories Of A Brain Fogged Girl: Finding a funny side of living with a devastating illness''' is a book by [[Hayley Green]].

==Synopsis==
At 23 I was diagnosed with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis. I went from being a busy, social and active young lady to bedbound. Three years into this illness I have learnt a lot, and the one thing that keeps me going is staying positive.

I am sure any of you who have this condition can relate to brain fog moments... I think if we didn't laugh we would have to cry! I have chosen to laugh, and I want to share with you all of my funniest brain fog moments. After all, laughter is the best medicine!

25% of all royalties from this publication will be donated to Invest In ME, an Independent charity campaigning for biomedical research into the illness. I hope this book warms you inside, and i think it's pretty much guaranteed you will be able to relate to it!

==Links==
*[https://www.amazon.co.uk/Tickle-ME-Stories-Finding-devastating-ebook/dp/B00PEVYGMS/ Tickle ME - Amazon (UK)]
*[https://www.amazon.com/Tickle-ME-Stories-Finding-devastating-ebook/dp/B00PEVYGMS/ Tickle ME - Amazon (US)]
*[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/23942248-tickle-me---stories-of-a-brain-fogged-girl Tickle ME - Goodreads]

==References==
<references>

</references>
[[Category:Books]] [[Category:English books]]