Michael Sharpe

2019-03-23T18:08:15Z

RubberOctopus:It wrongly stated that Sharpe was at Oxford University and is now at Edinburgh. The opposite is correct, so I switched them. I added his Oxford college for further info. I also changed wording of 2nd sentence slightly to make it clearer.

[[File:Michael-sharpe.jpg|right|200px]]
Professor '''Michael Sharpe''', M.A., M.R.C.P., M.R.C.Psych., is a British professor of psychological medicine at St Cross College, Oxford University and formerly at the University of Edinburgh, [[United Kingdom]]. He is a key author of the [[PACE trial]] and helped to devise the [[Oxford criteria]] as a diagnostic tool for [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (CFS).

==Notable studies==
*1994, The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study. International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Fukuda|first=K.|author-link=Keiji Fukuda|last2=Straus|first2=S. E.|author-link2=Stephen Straus|last3=Hickie|first3=I.|author-link3=Ian Hickie|last4=Sharpe|first4=M. C.|author-link4=Michael Sharpe|last5=Dobbins|first5=J. G.|author-link5=James Dobbins|last6=Komaroff|first6=A.|author-link6=Anthony Komaroff|date=1994-12-15|title=The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study. International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Sharpe2/publication/247808895_The_Chronic_Fatigue_Syndrome_A_Comprehensive_Approach_to_Its_Definition_and_Study/links/0c96053201643bfc4b000000/The-Chronic-Fatigue-Syndrome-A-Comprehensive-Approach-to-Its-Definition-and-Study.pdf|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=121|issue=12|pages=953–959|issn=0003-4819|pmid=7978722|via=|publisher=American College of Physicians}}</ref> [http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/708271/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-comprehensive-approach-its-definition-study?volume=121&issue=12&page=953 (Abstract)] - known as the [[Fukuda criteria]]

*1997, Chronic fatigue syndrome. A practical guide to assessment and management<ref name="Sharpe, 1997" /> [http://www.simonwessely.com/Downloads/Publications/CFS/85.pdf (Full Text)]

*1998, Doctors' diagnoses and patients' perceptions. Lessons from chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Sharpe|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Sharpe|date=1998|title=Doctors' diagnoses and patients' perceptions: Lessons from chronic fatigue syndrome|url=|journal=General Hospital Psychiatry|volume=20|issue=6|pages=335-338|doi=10.1016/S0163-8343(98)00055-3|via=}}</ref> [http://psycnet.apa.org/record/1998-11945-001 (Abstract)]

*2002, The report of the Chief Medical Officer's CFS/ME working group: what does it say and will it help?<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sharpe|first=Michael|date=Sep 2002|title=The report of the Chief Medical Officer’s CFS/ME working group: what does it say and will it help?|url=http://www.clinmed.rcpjournal.org/content/2/5/427.long|journal=Clinical Medicine JRCPL|volume=2|issue=5|pages=427-429|via=|quote=|author-link=Michael Sharpe|author-link2=|author-link3=|author-link4=|author-link5=}}</ref> [http://www.clinmed.rcpjournal.org/content/2/5/427.long (Full Text)]

'''[[PACE trial]] publications:'''
* 2007, Protocol for the PACE Trial: A randomised controlled trial of adaptive pacing, cognitive behaviour therapy, and graded exercise as supplements to standardised specialist medical care versus standardised specialist medical care alone for patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis or encephalopathy<ref name="pace2007protocol" />
:'''Main trial outcome'''
* 2011, [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)60096-2/ Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, graded exercise therapy, and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome (PACE): a randomised trial]<ref name="pace2011a" />
:'''Other PACE trial publications '''
* 2012, [http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0040808 Adaptive Pacing, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Graded Exercise, and Specialist Medical Care for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis]<ref name="pace2012CE" />

* 2013, [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/recovery-from-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-after-treatments-given-in-the-pace-trial/6E3A5B37D427239D146C5EB276A11E06 Recovery from chronic fatigue syndrome after treatments given in the PACE trial]<ref name="pace2013a" />

* 2013, [http://www.trialsjournal.com/content/14/1/386 A randomised trial of adaptive pacing therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, graded exercise, and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome (PACE): statistical analysis plan]<ref name="pace2013sap" />

* 2014, [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022399914001883 Adverse events and deterioration reported by participants in the PACE trial of therapies for chronic fatigue syndrome]<ref name="pace2014AE" />

* 2015, [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(14)00069-8/fulltext Rehabilitative therapies for chronic fatigue syndrome: a secondary mediation analysis of the PACE trial]<ref name="pace2015SMA" />

* 2015, [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(15)00317-X/ Rehabilitative treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome: long-term follow-up from the PACE trial]<ref name="pace2015FU" />

* 2015, [http://paperity.org/p/74741700/longitudinal-mediation-in-the-pace-randomised-clinical-trial-of-rehabilitative-treatments| Longitudinal mediation in the PACE randomised clinical trial of rehabilitative treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome: modelling and design considerations]<ref name="pace2015lm" />
<br>
*2017, Long-term economic evaluation of cognitive-behavioural group treatment versus enhanced usual care for functional somatic syndromes<ref name="Schröder, 2017" /> [http://www.jpsychores.com/article/S0022-3999(17)30018-1/abstract (Abstract)]

== Letters ==
:'''PACE trial authors' responses'''
* 2011, [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)60651-X/fulltext The PACE trial in chronic fatigue syndrome – Authors' reply]<ref name="pace20110517corr" />

* 2015, [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(15)00114-5/fulltext (response) Author's reply - Methods and outcome reporting in the PACE trial]<ref name="pace2015corrlanpsy0114-5" />

* 2016, [http://thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(16)00018-3/fulltext (correspondence) Authors' reply - Patient reaction to the PACE trial]<ref name="pace2016corrlanpsy00018-3" />

*2017, Response to: "Do more people recover from chronic fatigue syndrome with cognitive behaviour therapy or graded exercise therapy than with other treatments?"<ref name="Sharpe,2017" /> [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21641846.2017.1288629 (Abstract)]

*2019, The PACE trial of treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome: a response to WILSHIRE et al<ref name="Sharpe2019response">{{Cite journal|last=Sharpe|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Sharpe|last2=Goldsmith|first2=Kim|author-link2=Kimberley Goldsmith|last3=Chalder|first3=Trudie|author-link3=Trudie Chalder|author-link4=|author-link5=|date=Mar 12, 2019|title=The PACE trial of treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome: a response to WILSHIRE et al|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-019-0288-x|journal=BMC Psychology|volume=7|issue=1|pages=15|doi=10.1186/s40359-019-0288-x|issn=2050-7283|quote=|via=}}</ref> [https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-019-0288-x (Full text)]

==Books==
*1999, [[Chronic Fatigue and its Syndromes]]
*2003, [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.729.2487&rep=rep1&type=pdf Distinguishing Malingering from Psychiatric Disorders] (book chapter), in Malingering and Illness Deception<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.729.2487&rep=rep1&type=pdf|title=Malingering from illness Deception|last=Sharpe|first=Michael|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2003|isbn=|editor-link=|location=New York|pages=156-170|chapter=Distinguishing Malingering from Psychiatric Disorders|quote=|author-link=Michael Sharpe|editor-last2=|editor-link2=}}</ref>

== Oxford criteria ==
Prof. Michael Sharpe is author of the [[Oxford criteria]] for chronic fatigue syndrome, which is controversial for not excluding patients with symptoms that could be caused by [[:Category:Mental disorders|psychiatric disorders]], and for excluding patients with a [[:Category:Neurological disorders|neurological disorder]] - despite the fact that myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome/post-viral syndrome are all regarded as neurological disorders. The [[Oxford criteria]] have been used in a number of influential British studies, including the [[PACE trial]]<ref name="pace2011a" /> and [[Alicia Deale|Deale]], Chalder and Wessely (1995), the [[cognitive behavioral therapy]] (CBT) study given the highest evidence rating in the [[York Review]] of evidence used to justify the recommendation of CBT in the UK's [[NICE guidelines]] used by the [[National Health Service|NHS]].

== Fukuda criteria for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ==
Prof. Sharpe is co-author of the heavily used [[Fukuda criteria]] for chronic fatigue syndrome, which was adopted by the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]].<ref name=":0" />

==Controversies ==
===Freedom of information act requests ===
Michael Sharpe has repeatedly criticised both scientists and patients who have highlighted flaws in his research, or used [[Freedom of Information Act]] requests to request the release of unpublished data from his scientific research, including the successful request for the unpublished data from the controversial [[PACE trial]].

===Denigration of ME patients ===
In 2018, a tweet by Sharpe claimed that some Freedom of Information Act requests and scientific criticism could not have been made from patients since they would have been too ill to do so. Sharpe's tweet led to over 100 Australians from the [[ME/CFS]] community requesting an apology and pointing out that [[Alem Matthees]] had been [[Severe and very severe ME|bedridden]] for 2 years since winning the PACE FOIA tribunal which led to the release of the PACE trial data, which Sharpe had opposed. Sharpe deleted the tweet as a result of the open letter, which had been signed by many of [[Alem Matthees|Alem Matthees's]] family.<ref name="tullerAlemTweet">{{Cite web|url=http://www.virology.ws/2018/11/08/trial-by-error-an-australian-exchange-with-professor-sharpe/|title=Trial By Error: An Australian Exchange with Professor Sharpe|website=[[Virology blog]]|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-03|date=Nov 8, 2018|last=Tuller|first=David|authorlink=David Tuller|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}</ref>

=== Smearing critics ===
Prof. Sharpe has repeatedly made ad hominem attacks on critics, including in a 2017 ethics lecture Prof. Sharpe described those who opposed his research, presumably including the [[Open letter to the Lancet|scientists calling for the PACE trial to be retracted]] from [[The Lancet]], as a "co-ordinated campaign" who were "against science", and compared them with climate change deniers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stx.ox.ac.uk/current-members/events/2773|title=St Cross Special Ethics Seminar with Michael Sharpe|last=|first=|authorlink=|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|date=2017-05-19|website=[[University of Oxford]]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-03-05|quote=The use of such co-ordinated pressure group action against science was prominently seen in the field of climate change research but is now emerging in other areas.}}</ref><ref name="tullerAlemTweet" />

=== Denial of illness or disability benefits ===
Prof. Sharpe has undertaken work for the UK's [[Department for Work and Pensions]], a conflict of interest disclosed in the publication of the [[PACE trial]] but not disclosed to participants in the trial. He has also been paid by a number of health insurance companies seeking to deny or minimize disability insurance claims or ill health retirement pensions, including [[Unum]] and has repeated claimed that ME/CFS patients are motivated to stay ill in order to continue receiving disability benefits.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://fumblings.com/weblog/msharpe.html|title=Michael Sharpe|last=|first=|authorlink=|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=Feb 4, 2019|quote=“Those who cannot be fitted into a scheme of objective bodily illness yet refuse to be placed into and accept the stigma of mental illness remain the undeserving sick of our society and our health service” - [[Michael Sharpe]]}}</ref>

=== Malingering and Illness Deception meeting ===
Michael Sharpe presented at a Malingering and Illness Deception meeting funded by the UK's [[Department for Work and Pensions]] on the topic of distinguishing malingering from psychiatric disorders, a topic that later became a chapter of a book published in 2003 by the same name. Sharpe's chapter gives an example of the case of a woman with [[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]], which is classified as a not a psychiatric disorder. Other contributors to the book include [[Simon Wessely]], [[Peter White]], [[Mansel Aylward]], all of whom became members of the [[PACE Trial Steering Committee]] a few years later.

=== Retirement from ME/CFS Research ===
In March 2019 [[Kate Kelland]] published in interview with Professor Michael Sharpe in which he claimed to have given up research in [[ME/CFS]] due to abuse and harassment from ME activists, however, the article was published less than a week after the publication of Sharpe et al's response to the PACE trial re-analysis by Wilshire et al. The same article was criticized for repeating the claim that Sir Simon Wessely has previously given up research into ME/CFS, despite his continued research publications indicating otherwise.

=== PACE trial ===
Prof. Sharpe was one of the three principle investigators in the controversial [[PACE trial]], and a member of the [[PACE Trial Steering Committee]] and [[PACE Trial Management Group]].<ref name="pace2007protocol" /> The PACE trial was criticized for using the Oxford criteria developed by Sharpe et al, and Sharpe has been accused of "investigator bias" in relation to the PACE.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lubet|first=Steven|author-link=Steven Lubet|author-link2=|author-link3=|author-link4=|author-link5=|date=Aug 2017|title=Investigator bias and the PACE trial|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1359105317697324|journal=Journal of Health Psychology|language=en|volume=22|issue=9|pages=1123–1127|doi=10.1177/1359105317697324|issn=1359-1053|quote=|via=}}</ref>

===Wessely school ===
Michael Sharpe is often referred to as a "member" of the [[Wessely school]], a group led by British psychiatrist [[Simon Wessely]] who have been criticized for their dismissal of [[biomedical research]] into ME/CFS, promotion of the [[biopsychosocial model]], and close ties with the [[UK]] welfare benefit system and the health insurance industry. Some of the Wessely school have been knowing to make [[Stigma|unpleasant comments]] about patients.

==Books==

*1995, [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/treatment-of-functional-somatic-symptoms-9780192624994?q=michael%20sharpe&lang=en&cc=gb# Treatment of Functional Somatic Symptoms]
*1999, [[Chronic Fatigue and its Syndromes]]
*2003, [https://www.amazon.co.uk/ABC-Psychological-Medicine-Richard-Mayou/dp/0727915568/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1480428430&sr=1-3&keywords=michael+sharpe ABC of Psychological Medicine (ABC Series)]
*2008, [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (The Facts)]]

==Media coverage and interviews==

*2011, [http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/healthreport/comparison-of-treatments-for-chronic-fatigue/2993296#transcript Comparison of treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome - the PACE trial -ABC.Net.AU Radio (with transcript)]
*2013, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYRjB_t8dYs Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 2 - Lancet TV on YouTube (about the] [[PACE trial]])
*2015, [https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/oct/28/chronic-fatigue-patients-criticise-oxford-university-study-exercise-cbt-cfs Chronic fatigue patients criticise study that says exercise can help - Guardian 28 Oct 2015]

==Online presence==

*[https://twitter.com/profmsharpe Twitter]

==List of publications==

*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Sharpe+M%5BAuthor%5D PubMed]
*[http://www.psych.ox.ac.uk/team/michael-sharpe University of Oxford - Michael Sharpe]

==See also==
* [[Intimidation and bullying of PACE trial critics|Intimidation and bullying of PACE critics]]
* [[Ethical issues]]
* [[Oxford criteria]]

*[[Peter White]]
*[[Simon Wessely]]
*[[Trudie Chalder]]
*[[Esther Crawley]]
*[[PACE trial]]

==Learn more==

*2005, [http://fumblings.com/weblog/archives/2005/11/a_response_to_m.html A Response to Michael Sharpe]
*2001, [http://margaretwilliams.me/2001/quotable-quotes-from-mike-sharpe.pdf Quotable quotes by Michael Sharpe] - [[Margaret Williams]]

==References==
<references>
<ref name="pace2007protocol">{{Cite journal
| last1 = White | first1 = PD | authorlink1 = Peter White
| last2 = Sharpe | first2 = MC | authorlink2 = Michael Sharpe
| last3 = Chalder | first3 = T | authorlink3 = Trudie Chalder
| last4 = DeCesare | first4 = JC | authorlink4 = Julia DeCesare
| last5 = Walwyn | first5 = R | authorlink5 = Rebecca Walwyn
| last6 = The PACE trial group | authorlink6 = PACE Trial Management Group
| title = Protocol for the PACE Trial: A randomised controlled trial of adaptive pacing, cognitive behaviour therapy, and graded exercise as supplements to standardised specialist medical care versus standardised specialist medical care alone for patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis or encephalopathy
| journal = BMC Neurology
| date = 8 Mar 2007
| pmid = 17397525 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2377-7-6
| url = http://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2377-7-6
}}</ref>
<ref name="pace20110517corr">{{Cite journal
| last1 = White | first1 = PD | authorlink1 = Peter White
| last2 = Goldsmith | first2 = KA | authorlink2 = Kimberley Goldsmith
| last3 = Johnson | first3 = AL | authorlink3 = Anthony Johnson
| last4 = Walwyn | first4 = R | authorlink4 = Rebecca Walwyn
| last5 = Baber | first5 = HL | authorlink5 = Hannah Baber
| last6 = Chalder | first6 = T | authorlink6 = Trudie Chalder
| last7 = Sharpe | first7 = M | authorlink7 = Michael Sharpe
| title = (correspondence) The PACE trial in chronic fatigue syndrome – Authors' reply
| journal = The Lancet | volume = 377 | issue = 9780 | page = 1834–1835
| date = 17 May 2011
| doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60651-X
| url = http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)60651-X/fulltext
}}</ref>
<ref name="pace2012CE">{{Cite journal
| last1 = McCrone | first1 = P | authorlink1 = Paul McCrone
| last2 = Sharpe | first2 = M | authorlink2 = Michael Sharpe
| last3 = Chalder | first3 = T | authorlink3 = Trudie Chalder
| last4 = Knapp | first4 = M | authorlink4 = Martin Knapp
| last5 = Johnson | first5 = AL | authorlink5 = Anthony Johnson
| last6 = Goldsmith | first6 = K | authorlink6 = Kimberley Goldsmith
| title = Adaptive Pacing, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Graded Exercise, and Specialist Medical Care for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
| journal = PLoS One | date = 1 Aug 2012
| pmid = 22870204 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0040808
| url = http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0040808
}}</ref>
<ref name="pace2013a">{{Cite journal
| last1 = White | first1 = PD | authorlink1 = Peter White
| last2 = Goldsmith | first2 = K | authorlink2 = Kimberley Goldsmith
| last3 = Johnson | first3 = AL | authorlink3 = Anthony Johnson
| last4 = Chalder | first4 = T | authorlink4 = Trudie Chalder
| last5 = Sharpe | first5 = M | authorlink5 = Michael Sharpe
| last6 = PACE Trial Management Group | authorlink6 = PACE Trial Management Group
| title = Recovery from chronic fatigue syndrome after treatments given in the PACE trial
| journal = Psychol Med | volume = 43 | issue = 10 | page = 2227-2235
| date = Oct 2013
|url= https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/recovery-from-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-after-treatments-given-in-the-pace-trial/6E3A5B37D427239D146C5EB276A11E06
| pmid = 3776285 | doi = 10.1017/S0033291713000020
}}</ref>
<ref name="pace2013sap">{{Cite journal
| last1 = Walwyn | first1 = R | authorlink1 = Rebecca Walwyn
| last2 = Potts | first2 = L | authorlink2 = Laura Potts
| last3 = McCrone | first3 = P | authorlink3 = Paul McCrone
| last4 = Johnson | first4 = AL | authorlink4 = Anthony Johnson
| last5 = DeCesare | first5 = JC | authorlink5 = Julia DeCesare
| last6 = Baber | first6 = HL | authorlink6 = Hannah Baber
| last7 = Goldsmith | first7 = KA | authorlink7 = Kimberley Goldsmith
| last8 = Sharpe | first8 = M | authorlink8 = Michael Sharpe
| last9 = Chalder | first9 = T | authorlink9 = Trudie Chalder
| last10 = White | first10 = PD | authorlink10 = Peter White
| title = A randomised trial of adaptive pacing therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, graded exercise, and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome (PACE): statistical analysis plan
| journal = Trials Journal
| date = 13 Nov 2013
| doi = 10.1186/1745-6215-14-386
| url = http://www.trialsjournal.com/content/14/1/386
}}</ref>
<ref name="pace2014AE">{{Cite journal
| last1 = Dougall | first1 = D | authorlink1 = Dominic Dougall
| last2 = Johnson | first2 = A | authorlink2 = Anthony Johnson
| last3 = Goldsmith | first3 = K | authorlink3 = Kimberley Goldsmith
| last4 = Sharpe | first4 = M | authorlink4 = Michael Sharpe
| last5 = Angus | first5 = B | authorlink5 = Brian Angus
| last6 = Chalder | first6 = T | authorlink6 = Trudie Chalder
| last7 = White | first7 = P | authorlink7 = Peter White
| title = Adverse events and deterioration reported by participants in the PACE trial of therapies for chronic fatigue syndrome
| journal = Journal of Psychosomatic Research | volume = 77 | issue = 1 | page = 20-26
| date = Jul 2014
| doi = 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.04.002
| url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022399914001883
}}</ref>
<ref name="pace2015SMA">{{Cite journal
| last1 = Chalder | first1 = T | authorlink1 = Trudie Chalder
| last2 = Goldsmith | first2 = KA | authorlink2 = Kimberley Goldsmith
| last3 = White | first3 = PD | authorlink3 = Peter White
| last4 = Sharpe | first4 = M | authorlink4 = Michael Sharpe
| last5 = Pickles | first5 = AR | authorlink5 = Andrew Pickles
| title = Rehabilitative therapies for chronic fatigue syndrome: a secondary mediation analysis of the PACE trial
| journal = The Lancet Psychiatry | volume = 2 | issue =2 | page = 141-52
| date = 28 Jan 2015
| url=
| pmid = 26359750 | doi = 10.1016/S2215-0366(14)00069-8
}}</ref>
<ref name="pace2015corrlanpsy0114-5">{{Cite journal
| last1 = Chalder | first1 = T | authorlink1 = Trudie Chalder
| last2 = Goldsmith | first2 = KA | authorlink2 = Kimberley Goldsmith
| last3 = White | first3 = PD | authorlink3 = Peter White
| last4 = Sharpe | first4 = M | authorlink4 = Michael Sharpe
| last5 = Pickles | first5 = AR | authorlink5 = Andrew Pickles
| title = (response) Author's reply - Methods and outcome reporting in the PACE trial
| journal = The Lancet Psychiatry | volume = 2 | issue = 4 | page = e10–e11
| date = April 2015
| doi = 10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00114-5
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}}</ref>
<ref name="pace2015FU">{{Cite journal
| last1 = Sharpe | first1 = M | authorlink1 = Michael Sharpe
| last2 = Goldsmith | first2 = KA | authorlink2 = Kimberley Goldsmith
| last3 = Johnson | first3 = AL | authorlink3 = Anthony Johnson
| last4 = Chalder | first4 = T | authorlink4 = Trudie Chalder
| last5 = Walker | first5 = J | authorlink5 = Jane Walker
| last6 = White | first6 = PD | authorlink6 = Peter White
| title = Rehabilitative treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome: long-term follow-up from the PACE trial
| journal = The Lancet Psychiatry | volume = 2 | page = 1067-74
| date = 27 Oct 2015
| pmid = 26521770 | doi = 10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00317-X
| url = http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(15)00317-X/
| quote = There was little evidence of differences in outcomes between the randomised treatment groups at long-term follow-up.
}}</ref>
<ref name="pace2015lm">{{Cite journal
| last1 = Goldsmith | first1 = KA | authorlink1 = Kimberley Goldsmith
| last2 = Chalder | first2 = T | authorlink2 = Trudie Chalder
| last3 = White | first3 = PD | authorlink3 = Peter White
| last4 = Sharpe | first4 = M | authorlink4 = Michael Sharpe
| last5 = Pickles | first5 = AR | authorlink5 = Andrew Pickles
| title = Longitudinal mediation in the PACE randomised clinical trial of rehabilitative treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome: modelling and design considerations
| journal = Trials Journal / Paperity
| date = 17 Nov 2015
| url = http://paperity.org/p/74741700/longitudinal-mediation-in-the-pace-randomised-clinical-trial-of-rehabilitative-treatments
}}</ref>
<ref name="pace2011a">{{cite journal
| last1 = White | first1 = PD | authorlink1 = Peter White
| last2 = Goldsmith | first2 = KA | authorlink2 = Kimberley Goldsmith
| last3 = Johnson | first3 = AL | authorlink3 = Anthony Johnson
| last4 = Potts | first4 = L | authorlink4 = Laura Potts
| last5 = Walwyn | first5 = R | authorlink5 = Rebecca Walwyn
| last6 = DeCesare | first6 = JC | authorlink6 = Julia DeCesare
| last7 = Baber | first7 = HL | authorlink7 = Hannah Baber
| last8 = Burgess | first8 = M | authorlink8 = Mary Burgess
| last9 = Clark | first9 = LV | authorlink9 = Lucy Clark
| last10 = Cox | first10 = DL | authorlink10 = Diane Cox
| last11 = Bavinton | first11 = J | authorlink11 = Jessica Bavinton
| last12 = Angus | first12 = BJ | authorlink12 = Brian Angus
| last13 = Murphy | first13 = G | authorlink13 = Gabrielle Murphy
| last14 = Murphy | first14 = M | authorlink14 = Maurice Murphy
| last15 = O'Dowd | first15 = H | authorlink15 = Hazel O'Dowd
| last16 = Wilks | first16 = D | authorlink16 = David Wilks
| last17 = McCrone | first17 = P | authorlink17 = Paul McCrone
| last18 = Chalder | first18 = T | authorlink18 = Trudie Chalder
| last19 = Sharpe | first19 = M | authorlink19 = Michael Sharpe
| last20 = The PACE Trial Management Group | authorlink20 = PACE Trial Management Group
| title = Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, graded exercise therapy, and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome (PACE): a randomised trial
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</references>

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MEpedia - User contributions [en]

Michael Sharpe