MEpedia - User contributions [en]

Mental health

2021-05-27T20:55:34Z

Mstewart:added an additional study summary

'''Mental health''' is a broad term that can refer to cognitive, behavioral, emotional, psychological, and/or social well-being.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mentalhealth.gov/basics/what-is-mental-health|title=What Is Mental Health?|last=|first=|authorlink=|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|date=August 29, 2017|website=www.mentalhealth.gov|publisher=U.S. Department of Health & Human Services|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/what-is-mental-illness|title=What Is Mental Illness?|last=|first=|authorlink=|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|date=August 2018|website=www.psychiatry.org|publisher=American Psychiatric Association|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/features/factfiles/mental_health/en/|title=Mental health: a state of well-being|last=|first=|authorlink=|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|date=|website=WHO|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-02-18}}</ref> Mental illness refers to a psychiatric illness, for example [[depression]], [[anxiety]] or [[Anorexia and eating disorders|anorexia nervosa]].

== ME/CFS ==
Brown et al (2010) found that patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] who had both a mental illness before CFS and a current mental illness had greater [[pain]], great [[sleep dysfunction]], and more physical symptoms compared to patients with CFS who did not have a mental illness, or patients whose mental illness only began after they became ill with chronic fatigue syndrome.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Molly M.|author-link=Molly Brown|last2=Kaplan|first2=Carly|author-link2=Carly Kaplan|last3=Jason|first3=Leonard A.|author-link3=Leonard Jason|last4=Keys|first4=Christopher B.|author-link4=Christopher Keys|author-link5=|author-link6=|date=2010|title=Subgroups of chronic fatigue syndrome based on psychiatric disorder onset and current psychiatric status|url=http://www.scirp.org/journal/doi.aspx?DOI=10.4236/health.2010.22015|journal=Health|volume=02|issue=02|pages=90–96|doi=10.4236/health.2010.22015|issn=1949-4998|quote=|via=}}</ref> Level of fatigue was not significantly associated with past or current psychiatric illness, and even chronic fatigue syndrome patients with no psychiatric history had severe disability.<ref name=":1" />

McManimen et al (2018) found that CFS patients who were both depressed and suicidal experienced significantly more stigma and dismissal from doctors and family members regarding their symptoms compared to patients who were neither depressed nor suicidal. Depression and suicidal ideation were also associated with more severe CFS symptoms and a lower quality of life<ref name=":2" />.

In a study comparing functional status and well-being of CFS patients, multiple sclerosis patients, and healthy, controls, Kingdon et al (2018) found that CFS patients scored significantly lower than both MS patients and healthy controls in nearly every category that was studied, including mental health<ref name=":3" />. Additionally, Eaton-Fitch et al (2020) found that health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a cohort of Australian CFS patients was significantly lower than the HRQoL of healthy controls<ref name=":5" />.

Loades et al (2017) found that adolescents with CFS and depression experienced significantly more interference with school and social adjustment than adolescent CFS patients who were not depressed; anxiety was not found to have a significant effect on any of the categories studied<ref name=":4" />.

Boulazreg and Rokach (2020) discuss the implications of loneliness and isolation caused by CFS on CFS patients and their caregivers and families. Coping mechanisms for patients, families, and caregivers to deal with loneliness and isolation are also discussed<ref name=":6" />.

==Studies==
*2006, Differential diagnosis of [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] and [[major depressive disorder]]<ref name="Hawk, 2006">{{Citation
| last1 = Hawk | first1 = C | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Jason | first2 = L | authorlink2 = Leonard Jason
| last3 = Torres-Harding | first3 = S | authorlink3 = Susan Torres-Harding
| title = Differential diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome and major depressive disorder
| journal = International Journal of Behavioral Medicine | volume = 13 | issue = 3 | page = 244-51
| date = 2006
| pmid = 17078775
| doi = 10.1207/s15327558ijbm1303_8
| url = http://www.healthrising.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Hawk.-Jason.-Differential-Diagnosis-of-Chronic-Fatigue-Syndrome-and-Major-Depressive-Disorder.pdf
}}
</ref> [http://www.healthrising.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Hawk.-Jason.-Differential-Diagnosis-of-Chronic-Fatigue-Syndrome-and-Major-Depressive-Disorder.pdf (Full Text)]
*2008, A Systematic Review of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Don't Assume It's [[Depression]]<ref name="Griffith, 2008">{{Citation
| last1 = Griffith | first1 = J. P. | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Zarrouf | first2 = F. A. | authorlink2 =
| title = A Systematic Review of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Don’t Assume It’s Depression
| journal = Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | page = 120–128
| date = 2008
| pmid = 18458765
}}
</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2292451/ (Full Text)]
*2009, A review on [[cognitive behavioral therapy]] (CBT) and [[graded exercise therapy]] (GET) in [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] (ME) / [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (CFS): [[Cognitive behavioral therapy|CBT]]/[[Graded exercise therapy|GET]] is not only ineffective and not evidence-based, but also potentially harmful for many patients with [[ME/CFS]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Twisk|first=Frank N. M.|last2=Maes|first2=Michael|date=2009|title=A review on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET) in myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) / chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): CBT/GET is not only ineffective and not evidence-based, but also potentially harmful for many patients with ME/CFS|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19855350/|journal=Neuro Endocrinology Letters|volume=30|issue=3|pages=284–299|issn=0172-780X|pmid=19855350|quote=|author-link=Frank Twisk|author-link2=Michael Maes|author-link3=|author-link4=|author-link5=|via=}}</ref> ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19855350/ Abstract])
*2010, Subgroups of chronic fatigue syndrome based on psychiatric disorder onset and current psychiatric status<ref name=":1" /> [https://www.scirp.org/fileOperation/downLoad.aspx?path=Health20100200003_77432052.pdf&type=journal (Full text)]
*2011, [[Anxiety]] and depression in [[CFS/ME|chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis]] (CFS/ME): Examining the incidence of health anxiety in [[CFS/ME]]<ref name="Daniels, 2017">{{Citation
| last1 = Daniels | first1 = J | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Brigden | first2 = A | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Kacorova | first3 = A | authorlink3 =
| title = Anxiety and depression in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME): Examining the incidence of health anxiety in CFS/ME
| journal = Psychol Psychother | volume = 90 | issue = 3 | page = 502-509
| date = 2017
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1111/papt.12118
}}
</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28244209 (Abstract)]
*2011, [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e464/4b1ccceb7e10b0f1 Reporting of Harms Associated with Graded Exercise Therapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]
*2011, Health-related quality of life in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: group cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise versus usual treatment. A randomised controlled trial with 1 year of follow-up<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Núñez|first=Montserrat|author-link=Montqserrat Núñez|last2=Fernández-Solà|first2=Joaquim|author-link2=Joaquim Fernández-Solà|last3=Nuñez|first3=Esther|author-link3=Esther Nuñez|last4=Fernández-Huerta|first4=José-Manuel|author-link4=José-Manuel Fernández-Huerta|last5=Godás-Sieso|first5=Teresa|author-link5=Teresa Godás-Sieso|last6=Gomez-Gil|first6=Esther|author-link6=Esther Gomez-Gil|date=Mar 2011|title=Health-related quality of life in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: group cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise versus usual treatment. A randomised controlled trial with 1 year of follow-up|url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.467.4965&rep=rep1&type=pdf|journal=Clinical Rheumatology|volume=30|issue=3|pages=381–389|doi=10.1007/s10067-010-1677-y|issn=1434-9949|pmid=21234629|quote=|via=}}</ref> [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.467.4965&rep=rep1&type=pdf (Full)]
*2016, Cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: A narrative review on efficacy and informed consent<ref name="keith">{{Cite journal|last=Geraghty|first=Keith J|author-link=Keith Geraghty|last2=Blease|first2=Charlotte|author-link2=Charlotte Blease|date=2016-09-15|title=Cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: A narrative review on efficacy and informed consent|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Keith_Geraghty/publication/308181085_Cognitive_behavioural_therapy_in_the_treatment_of_chronic_fatigue_syndrome_A_narrative_review_on_efficacy_and_informed_consent/links/5a15a37e4585153b546ca7c7/Cognitive-behavioural-therapy-in-the-treatment-of-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-A-narrative-review-on-efficacy-and-informed-consent.pdf|journal=Journal of Health Psychology|volume=23|issue=1|pages=127–138|doi=10.1177/1359105316667798|issn=1359-1053|via=}}</ref> [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Keith_Geraghty/publication/308181085_Cognitive_behavioural_therapy_in_the_treatment_of_chronic_fatigue_syndrome_A_narrative_review_on_efficacy_and_informed_consent/links/5a15a37e4585153b546ca7c7/Cognitive-behavioural-therapy-in-the-treatment-of-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-A-narrative-review-on-efficacy-and-informed-consent.pdf (Full)]
*2016, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27513528?dopt=Abstract Group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Illegems|first=Jela|last2=Moorkens|first2=Greta|last3=Van Den Eede|first3=Filip|date=2016|title=Group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27513528?dopt=Abstract|journal=Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics|volume=85|issue=5|pages=308|doi=10.1159/000445166|issn=1423-0348|pmid=27513528}}</ref>
* 2017, [[ME/CFS|Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome]] patients’ reports of symptom changes following cognitive behavioural therapy, graded exercise therapy and pacing treatments: Analysis of a primary survey compared with secondary surveys<ref name="GeraghtyHannKurtev2017">{{Cite journal|last1= Geraghty|first1 = Keith|authorlink1 = Keith Geraghty|last2 = Hann |first2 = Mark|authorlink2 = Mark Hann |last3 = Kurtev |first3 = Stoyan|authorlink3 = Stoyan Kurtev| title = Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients’ reports of symptom changes following cognitive behavioural therapy, graded exercise therapy and pacing treatments: Analysis of a primary survey compared with secondary surveys|journal = Journal of Health Psychology |volume = |issue = |page = | date = Aug 29, 2017|pmid= |doi= 10.1177/1359105317726152|url= https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105317726152}}</ref> [https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105317726152 (Full text)]
*2017, [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1359105317707215 Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Objective Assessments in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McPhee|first=Graham|author-link=Graham McPhee|date=2017|title=Cognitive behaviour therapy and objective assessments in chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1359105317707215|journal=Journal of Health Psychology|volume=22|issue=9|pages=1181–1186|doi=10.1177/1359105317707215|issn=1461-7277|pmid=28805529|via=}}</ref>
*2017, The presence of co-morbid mental health problems in a cohort of adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Loades|first=Maria Elizabeth|last2=Rimes|first2=Katharine A|last3=Ali|first3=Sheila|last4=Lievesley|first4=Kate|last5=Chalder|first5=Trudie|date=2018-07|title=The presence of co-morbid mental health problems in a cohort of adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1359104517736357|journal=Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry|language=en|volume=23|issue=3|pages=398–408|doi=10.1177/1359104517736357|issn=1359-1045|pmc=PMC6150417|pmid=29096528}}</ref>
*2018, Rethinking the treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wilshire|first=Carolyn E.|author-link=Carolyn Wilshire|last2=Kindlon|first2=Tom|author-link2=Tom Kindlon|last3=Courtney|first3=Robert|author-link3=Robert Courtney|last4=Matthees|first4=Alem|author-link4=Alem Matthees|last5=Tuller|first5=David|author-link5=David Tuller|last6=Geraghty|first6=Keith|author-link6=Keith Geraghty|last7=Levin|first7=Bruce|author-link7=Bruce Levin|date=2018-03-22|title=Rethinking the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome—a reanalysis and evaluation of findings from a recent major trial of graded exercise and CBT|url=https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40359-018-0218-3|journal=BMC Psychology|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=|doi=10.1186/s40359-018-0218-3|issn=2050-7283|pmc=5863477|pmid=29562932|quote=|via=}}</ref>
*2018, [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/cognitivebehavioural-therapy-for-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-neither-efficacious-nor-safe/C8B85E1E18395A44E4535281167FD413 Cognitive–behavioural therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: neither efficacious nor safe]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Twisk|first=Frank|author-link=Frank Twisk|last2=Corsius|first2=Lou|date=Aug 2018|title=Cognitive–behavioural therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: neither efficacious nor safe|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/cognitivebehavioural-therapy-for-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-neither-efficacious-nor-safe/C8B85E1E18395A44E4535281167FD413|journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry|language=en|volume=213|issue=2|pages=500–501|doi=10.1192/bjp.2018.136|issn=0007-1250|via=}}</ref>
*2018, Functional status and well-being in people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome compared with people with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Kingdon|first=Caroline C.|last2=Bowman|first2=Erinna W.|last3=Curran|first3=Hayley|last4=Nacul|first4=Luis|last5=Lacerda|first5=Eliana M.|date=2018-12-01|title=Functional Status and Well-Being in People with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Compared with People with Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s41669-018-0071-6|journal=PharmacoEconomics - Open|language=en|volume=2|issue=4|pages=381–392|doi=10.1007/s41669-018-0071-6|issn=2509-4254|pmc=PMC6249197|pmid=29536371}}</ref>
*2018, Effects of unsupportive social interactions, stigma, and symptoms on patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=McManimen|first=Stephanie L.|last2=McClellan|first2=Damani|last3=Stoothoff|first3=Jamie|last4=Jason|first4=Leonard A.|date=2018|title=Effects of unsupportive social interactions, stigma, and symptoms on patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcop.21984|journal=Journal of Community Psychology|language=en|volume=46|issue=8|pages=959–971|doi=10.1002/jcop.21984|issn=1520-6629|pmc=PMC7944645|pmid=30311972}}</ref>
*2020, The lonely, isolating, and alienating impacts of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Boulazreg|first=Samir|last2=Rokach|first2=Ami|date=2020-10-20|title=The Lonely, Isolating, and Alienating Implications of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/8/4/413|journal=Healthcare|language=en|volume=8|issue=4|pages=413|doi=10.3390/healthcare8040413|issn=2227-9032|pmc=PMC7711762|pmid=33092097}}</ref>
*2020, Health-related quality of life in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Eaton-Fitch|first=N.|last2=Johnston|first2=S. C.|last3=Zalewski|first3=P.|last4=Staines|first4=D.|last5=Marshall-Gradisnik|first5=S.|date=2020-06-01|title=Health-related quality of life in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: an Australian cross-sectional study|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02411-6|journal=Quality of Life Research|language=en|volume=29|issue=6|pages=1521–1531|doi=10.1007/s11136-019-02411-6|issn=1573-2649|pmc=PMC7253372|pmid=31970624}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Patient mental health]]
* [[Cognitive behavioral therapy]]
* [[Depression]]
* [[Anxiety]]
* [[:Category:Psychological signs and symptoms|Psychological signs and symptoms]] (category)
* [[:Category:Mental disorders|Mental disorders]] (category)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:Mental disorders]]

Mental health

2021-05-27T20:26:51Z

Mstewart:Added an additional study summary

'''Mental health''' is a broad term that can refer to cognitive, behavioral, emotional, psychological, and/or social well-being.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mentalhealth.gov/basics/what-is-mental-health|title=What Is Mental Health?|last=|first=|authorlink=|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|date=August 29, 2017|website=www.mentalhealth.gov|publisher=U.S. Department of Health & Human Services|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/what-is-mental-illness|title=What Is Mental Illness?|last=|first=|authorlink=|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|date=August 2018|website=www.psychiatry.org|publisher=American Psychiatric Association|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/features/factfiles/mental_health/en/|title=Mental health: a state of well-being|last=|first=|authorlink=|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|date=|website=WHO|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-02-18}}</ref> Mental illness refers to a psychiatric illness, for example [[depression]], [[anxiety]] or [[Anorexia and eating disorders|anorexia nervosa]].

== ME/CFS ==
Brown et al (2010) found that patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] who had both a mental illness before CFS and a current mental illness had greater [[pain]], great [[sleep dysfunction]], and more physical symptoms compared to patients with CFS who did not have a mental illness, or patients whose mental illness only began after they became ill with chronic fatigue syndrome.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Molly M.|author-link=Molly Brown|last2=Kaplan|first2=Carly|author-link2=Carly Kaplan|last3=Jason|first3=Leonard A.|author-link3=Leonard Jason|last4=Keys|first4=Christopher B.|author-link4=Christopher Keys|author-link5=|author-link6=|date=2010|title=Subgroups of chronic fatigue syndrome based on psychiatric disorder onset and current psychiatric status|url=http://www.scirp.org/journal/doi.aspx?DOI=10.4236/health.2010.22015|journal=Health|volume=02|issue=02|pages=90–96|doi=10.4236/health.2010.22015|issn=1949-4998|quote=|via=}}</ref> Level of fatigue was not significantly associated with past or current psychiatric illness, and even chronic fatigue syndrome patients with no psychiatric history had severe disability.<ref name=":1" />

McManimen et al (2018) found that CFS patients who were both depressed and suicidal experienced significantly more stigma and dismissal from doctors and family members regarding their symptoms compared to patients who were neither depressed nor suicidal. Depression and suicidal ideation were also associated with more severe CFS symptoms and a lower quality of life<ref name=":2" />.

In a study comparing functional status and well-being of CFS patients, multiple sclerosis patients, and healthy, controls, Kingdon et al (2018) found that CFS patients scored significantly lower than both MS patients and healthy controls in nearly every category that was studied, including mental health<ref name=":3" />. Additionally, Eaton-Fitch et al (2020) found that health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a cohort of Australian CFS patients was significantly lower than the HRQoL of healthy controls<ref name=":5" />.

Loades et al (2017) found that adolescents with CFS and depression experienced significantly more interference with school and social adjustment than adolescent CFS patients who were not depressed; anxiety was not found to have a significant effect on any of the categories studied<ref name=":4" />

==Studies==
*2006, Differential diagnosis of [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] and [[major depressive disorder]]<ref name="Hawk, 2006">{{Citation
| last1 = Hawk | first1 = C | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Jason | first2 = L | authorlink2 = Leonard Jason
| last3 = Torres-Harding | first3 = S | authorlink3 = Susan Torres-Harding
| title = Differential diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome and major depressive disorder
| journal = International Journal of Behavioral Medicine | volume = 13 | issue = 3 | page = 244-51
| date = 2006
| pmid = 17078775
| doi = 10.1207/s15327558ijbm1303_8
| url = http://www.healthrising.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Hawk.-Jason.-Differential-Diagnosis-of-Chronic-Fatigue-Syndrome-and-Major-Depressive-Disorder.pdf
}}
</ref> [http://www.healthrising.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Hawk.-Jason.-Differential-Diagnosis-of-Chronic-Fatigue-Syndrome-and-Major-Depressive-Disorder.pdf (Full Text)]
*2008, A Systematic Review of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Don't Assume It's [[Depression]]<ref name="Griffith, 2008">{{Citation
| last1 = Griffith | first1 = J. P. | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Zarrouf | first2 = F. A. | authorlink2 =
| title = A Systematic Review of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Don’t Assume It’s Depression
| journal = Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | page = 120–128
| date = 2008
| pmid = 18458765
}}
</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2292451/ (Full Text)]
*2009, A review on [[cognitive behavioral therapy]] (CBT) and [[graded exercise therapy]] (GET) in [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] (ME) / [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (CFS): [[Cognitive behavioral therapy|CBT]]/[[Graded exercise therapy|GET]] is not only ineffective and not evidence-based, but also potentially harmful for many patients with [[ME/CFS]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Twisk|first=Frank N. M.|last2=Maes|first2=Michael|date=2009|title=A review on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET) in myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) / chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): CBT/GET is not only ineffective and not evidence-based, but also potentially harmful for many patients with ME/CFS|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19855350/|journal=Neuro Endocrinology Letters|volume=30|issue=3|pages=284–299|issn=0172-780X|pmid=19855350|quote=|author-link=Frank Twisk|author-link2=Michael Maes|author-link3=|author-link4=|author-link5=|via=}}</ref> ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19855350/ Abstract])
*2010, Subgroups of chronic fatigue syndrome based on psychiatric disorder onset and current psychiatric status<ref name=":1" /> [https://www.scirp.org/fileOperation/downLoad.aspx?path=Health20100200003_77432052.pdf&type=journal (Full text)]
*2011, [[Anxiety]] and depression in [[CFS/ME|chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis]] (CFS/ME): Examining the incidence of health anxiety in [[CFS/ME]]<ref name="Daniels, 2017">{{Citation
| last1 = Daniels | first1 = J | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Brigden | first2 = A | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Kacorova | first3 = A | authorlink3 =
| title = Anxiety and depression in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME): Examining the incidence of health anxiety in CFS/ME
| journal = Psychol Psychother | volume = 90 | issue = 3 | page = 502-509
| date = 2017
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1111/papt.12118
}}
</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28244209 (Abstract)]
*2011, [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e464/4b1ccceb7e10b0f1 Reporting of Harms Associated with Graded Exercise Therapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]
*2011, Health-related quality of life in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: group cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise versus usual treatment. A randomised controlled trial with 1 year of follow-up<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Núñez|first=Montserrat|author-link=Montqserrat Núñez|last2=Fernández-Solà|first2=Joaquim|author-link2=Joaquim Fernández-Solà|last3=Nuñez|first3=Esther|author-link3=Esther Nuñez|last4=Fernández-Huerta|first4=José-Manuel|author-link4=José-Manuel Fernández-Huerta|last5=Godás-Sieso|first5=Teresa|author-link5=Teresa Godás-Sieso|last6=Gomez-Gil|first6=Esther|author-link6=Esther Gomez-Gil|date=Mar 2011|title=Health-related quality of life in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: group cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise versus usual treatment. A randomised controlled trial with 1 year of follow-up|url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.467.4965&rep=rep1&type=pdf|journal=Clinical Rheumatology|volume=30|issue=3|pages=381–389|doi=10.1007/s10067-010-1677-y|issn=1434-9949|pmid=21234629|quote=|via=}}</ref> [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.467.4965&rep=rep1&type=pdf (Full)]
*2016, Cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: A narrative review on efficacy and informed consent<ref name="keith">{{Cite journal|last=Geraghty|first=Keith J|author-link=Keith Geraghty|last2=Blease|first2=Charlotte|author-link2=Charlotte Blease|date=2016-09-15|title=Cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: A narrative review on efficacy and informed consent|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Keith_Geraghty/publication/308181085_Cognitive_behavioural_therapy_in_the_treatment_of_chronic_fatigue_syndrome_A_narrative_review_on_efficacy_and_informed_consent/links/5a15a37e4585153b546ca7c7/Cognitive-behavioural-therapy-in-the-treatment-of-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-A-narrative-review-on-efficacy-and-informed-consent.pdf|journal=Journal of Health Psychology|volume=23|issue=1|pages=127–138|doi=10.1177/1359105316667798|issn=1359-1053|via=}}</ref> [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Keith_Geraghty/publication/308181085_Cognitive_behavioural_therapy_in_the_treatment_of_chronic_fatigue_syndrome_A_narrative_review_on_efficacy_and_informed_consent/links/5a15a37e4585153b546ca7c7/Cognitive-behavioural-therapy-in-the-treatment-of-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-A-narrative-review-on-efficacy-and-informed-consent.pdf (Full)]
*2016, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27513528?dopt=Abstract Group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Illegems|first=Jela|last2=Moorkens|first2=Greta|last3=Van Den Eede|first3=Filip|date=2016|title=Group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27513528?dopt=Abstract|journal=Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics|volume=85|issue=5|pages=308|doi=10.1159/000445166|issn=1423-0348|pmid=27513528}}</ref>
* 2017, [[ME/CFS|Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome]] patients’ reports of symptom changes following cognitive behavioural therapy, graded exercise therapy and pacing treatments: Analysis of a primary survey compared with secondary surveys<ref name="GeraghtyHannKurtev2017">{{Cite journal|last1= Geraghty|first1 = Keith|authorlink1 = Keith Geraghty|last2 = Hann |first2 = Mark|authorlink2 = Mark Hann |last3 = Kurtev |first3 = Stoyan|authorlink3 = Stoyan Kurtev| title = Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients’ reports of symptom changes following cognitive behavioural therapy, graded exercise therapy and pacing treatments: Analysis of a primary survey compared with secondary surveys|journal = Journal of Health Psychology |volume = |issue = |page = | date = Aug 29, 2017|pmid= |doi= 10.1177/1359105317726152|url= https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105317726152}}</ref> [https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105317726152 (Full text)]
*2017, [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1359105317707215 Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Objective Assessments in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McPhee|first=Graham|author-link=Graham McPhee|date=2017|title=Cognitive behaviour therapy and objective assessments in chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1359105317707215|journal=Journal of Health Psychology|volume=22|issue=9|pages=1181–1186|doi=10.1177/1359105317707215|issn=1461-7277|pmid=28805529|via=}}</ref>
*2017, The presence of co-morbid mental health problems in a cohort of adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Loades|first=Maria Elizabeth|last2=Rimes|first2=Katharine A|last3=Ali|first3=Sheila|last4=Lievesley|first4=Kate|last5=Chalder|first5=Trudie|date=2018-07|title=The presence of co-morbid mental health problems in a cohort of adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1359104517736357|journal=Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry|language=en|volume=23|issue=3|pages=398–408|doi=10.1177/1359104517736357|issn=1359-1045|pmc=PMC6150417|pmid=29096528}}</ref>
*2018, Rethinking the treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wilshire|first=Carolyn E.|author-link=Carolyn Wilshire|last2=Kindlon|first2=Tom|author-link2=Tom Kindlon|last3=Courtney|first3=Robert|author-link3=Robert Courtney|last4=Matthees|first4=Alem|author-link4=Alem Matthees|last5=Tuller|first5=David|author-link5=David Tuller|last6=Geraghty|first6=Keith|author-link6=Keith Geraghty|last7=Levin|first7=Bruce|author-link7=Bruce Levin|date=2018-03-22|title=Rethinking the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome—a reanalysis and evaluation of findings from a recent major trial of graded exercise and CBT|url=https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40359-018-0218-3|journal=BMC Psychology|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=|doi=10.1186/s40359-018-0218-3|issn=2050-7283|pmc=5863477|pmid=29562932|quote=|via=}}</ref>
*2018, [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/cognitivebehavioural-therapy-for-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-neither-efficacious-nor-safe/C8B85E1E18395A44E4535281167FD413 Cognitive–behavioural therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: neither efficacious nor safe]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Twisk|first=Frank|author-link=Frank Twisk|last2=Corsius|first2=Lou|date=Aug 2018|title=Cognitive–behavioural therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: neither efficacious nor safe|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/cognitivebehavioural-therapy-for-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-neither-efficacious-nor-safe/C8B85E1E18395A44E4535281167FD413|journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry|language=en|volume=213|issue=2|pages=500–501|doi=10.1192/bjp.2018.136|issn=0007-1250|via=}}</ref>
*2018, Functional status and well-being in people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome compared with people with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Kingdon|first=Caroline C.|last2=Bowman|first2=Erinna W.|last3=Curran|first3=Hayley|last4=Nacul|first4=Luis|last5=Lacerda|first5=Eliana M.|date=2018-12-01|title=Functional Status and Well-Being in People with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Compared with People with Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s41669-018-0071-6|journal=PharmacoEconomics - Open|language=en|volume=2|issue=4|pages=381–392|doi=10.1007/s41669-018-0071-6|issn=2509-4254|pmc=PMC6249197|pmid=29536371}}</ref>
*2018, Effects of unsupportive social interactions, stigma, and symptoms on patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=McManimen|first=Stephanie L.|last2=McClellan|first2=Damani|last3=Stoothoff|first3=Jamie|last4=Jason|first4=Leonard A.|date=2018|title=Effects of unsupportive social interactions, stigma, and symptoms on patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcop.21984|journal=Journal of Community Psychology|language=en|volume=46|issue=8|pages=959–971|doi=10.1002/jcop.21984|issn=1520-6629|pmc=PMC7944645|pmid=30311972}}</ref>
*2020, The lonely, isolating, and alienating impacts of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Boulazreg|first=Samir|last2=Rokach|first2=Ami|date=2020-10-20|title=The Lonely, Isolating, and Alienating Implications of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/8/4/413|journal=Healthcare|language=en|volume=8|issue=4|pages=413|doi=10.3390/healthcare8040413|issn=2227-9032|pmc=PMC7711762|pmid=33092097}}</ref>
*2020, Health-related quality of life in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Eaton-Fitch|first=N.|last2=Johnston|first2=S. C.|last3=Zalewski|first3=P.|last4=Staines|first4=D.|last5=Marshall-Gradisnik|first5=S.|date=2020-06-01|title=Health-related quality of life in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: an Australian cross-sectional study|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02411-6|journal=Quality of Life Research|language=en|volume=29|issue=6|pages=1521–1531|doi=10.1007/s11136-019-02411-6|issn=1573-2649|pmc=PMC7253372|pmid=31970624}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Patient mental health]]
* [[Cognitive behavioral therapy]]
* [[Depression]]
* [[Anxiety]]
* [[:Category:Psychological signs and symptoms|Psychological signs and symptoms]] (category)
* [[:Category:Mental disorders|Mental disorders]] (category)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:Mental disorders]]

Mental health

2021-05-27T03:38:02Z

Mstewart:Expanded section on mental health and ME/CFS

'''Mental health''' is a broad term that can refer to cognitive, behavioral, emotional, psychological, and/or social well-being.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mentalhealth.gov/basics/what-is-mental-health|title=What Is Mental Health?|last=|first=|authorlink=|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|date=August 29, 2017|website=www.mentalhealth.gov|publisher=U.S. Department of Health & Human Services|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/what-is-mental-illness|title=What Is Mental Illness?|last=|first=|authorlink=|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|date=August 2018|website=www.psychiatry.org|publisher=American Psychiatric Association|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/features/factfiles/mental_health/en/|title=Mental health: a state of well-being|last=|first=|authorlink=|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|date=|website=WHO|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-02-18}}</ref> Mental illness refers to a psychiatric illness, for example [[depression]], [[anxiety]] or [[Anorexia and eating disorders|anorexia nervosa]].

== ME/CFS ==
Brown et al (2010) found that patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] who had both a mental illness before CFS and a current mental illness had greater [[pain]], great [[sleep dysfunction]], and more physical symptoms compared to patients with CFS who did not have a mental illness, or patients whose mental illness only began after they became ill with chronic fatigue syndrome.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Molly M.|author-link=Molly Brown|last2=Kaplan|first2=Carly|author-link2=Carly Kaplan|last3=Jason|first3=Leonard A.|author-link3=Leonard Jason|last4=Keys|first4=Christopher B.|author-link4=Christopher Keys|author-link5=|author-link6=|date=2010|title=Subgroups of chronic fatigue syndrome based on psychiatric disorder onset and current psychiatric status|url=http://www.scirp.org/journal/doi.aspx?DOI=10.4236/health.2010.22015|journal=Health|volume=02|issue=02|pages=90–96|doi=10.4236/health.2010.22015|issn=1949-4998|quote=|via=}}</ref> Level of fatigue was not significantly associated with past or current psychiatric illness, and even chronic fatigue syndrome patients with no psychiatric history had severe disability.<ref name=":1" />

McManimen et al (2018) found that CFS patients who were both depressed and suicidal experienced significantly more stigma and dismissal from doctors and family members regarding their symptoms compared to patients who were neither depressed nor suicidal. Depression and suicidal ideation were also associated with more severe CFS symptoms and a lower quality of life<ref name=":2" />.

In a study comparing functional status and well-being of CFS patients, multiple sclerosis patients, and healthy, controls, Kingdon et al (2018) found that CFS patients scored significantly lower than both MS patients and healthy controls in nearly every category that was studied, including mental health<ref name=":3" />.

Loades et al (2017) found that adolescents with CFS and depression experienced significantly more interference with school and social adjustment than adolescent CFS patients who were not depressed; anxiety was not found to have a significant effect on any of the categories studied<ref name=":4" />

==Studies==
*2006, Differential diagnosis of [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] and [[major depressive disorder]]<ref name="Hawk, 2006">{{Citation
| last1 = Hawk | first1 = C | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Jason | first2 = L | authorlink2 = Leonard Jason
| last3 = Torres-Harding | first3 = S | authorlink3 = Susan Torres-Harding
| title = Differential diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome and major depressive disorder
| journal = International Journal of Behavioral Medicine | volume = 13 | issue = 3 | page = 244-51
| date = 2006
| pmid = 17078775
| doi = 10.1207/s15327558ijbm1303_8
| url = http://www.healthrising.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Hawk.-Jason.-Differential-Diagnosis-of-Chronic-Fatigue-Syndrome-and-Major-Depressive-Disorder.pdf
}}
</ref> [http://www.healthrising.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Hawk.-Jason.-Differential-Diagnosis-of-Chronic-Fatigue-Syndrome-and-Major-Depressive-Disorder.pdf (Full Text)]
*2008, A Systematic Review of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Don't Assume It's [[Depression]]<ref name="Griffith, 2008">{{Citation
| last1 = Griffith | first1 = J. P. | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Zarrouf | first2 = F. A. | authorlink2 =
| title = A Systematic Review of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Don’t Assume It’s Depression
| journal = Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | page = 120–128
| date = 2008
| pmid = 18458765
}}
</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2292451/ (Full Text)]
*2009, A review on [[cognitive behavioral therapy]] (CBT) and [[graded exercise therapy]] (GET) in [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] (ME) / [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (CFS): [[Cognitive behavioral therapy|CBT]]/[[Graded exercise therapy|GET]] is not only ineffective and not evidence-based, but also potentially harmful for many patients with [[ME/CFS]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Twisk|first=Frank N. M.|last2=Maes|first2=Michael|date=2009|title=A review on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET) in myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) / chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): CBT/GET is not only ineffective and not evidence-based, but also potentially harmful for many patients with ME/CFS|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19855350/|journal=Neuro Endocrinology Letters|volume=30|issue=3|pages=284–299|issn=0172-780X|pmid=19855350|quote=|author-link=Frank Twisk|author-link2=Michael Maes|author-link3=|author-link4=|author-link5=|via=}}</ref> ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19855350/ Abstract])
*2010, Subgroups of chronic fatigue syndrome based on psychiatric disorder onset and current psychiatric status<ref name=":1" /> [https://www.scirp.org/fileOperation/downLoad.aspx?path=Health20100200003_77432052.pdf&type=journal (Full text)]
*2011, [[Anxiety]] and depression in [[CFS/ME|chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis]] (CFS/ME): Examining the incidence of health anxiety in [[CFS/ME]]<ref name="Daniels, 2017">{{Citation
| last1 = Daniels | first1 = J | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Brigden | first2 = A | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Kacorova | first3 = A | authorlink3 =
| title = Anxiety and depression in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME): Examining the incidence of health anxiety in CFS/ME
| journal = Psychol Psychother | volume = 90 | issue = 3 | page = 502-509
| date = 2017
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1111/papt.12118
}}
</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28244209 (Abstract)]
*2011, [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e464/4b1ccceb7e10b0f1 Reporting of Harms Associated with Graded Exercise Therapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]
*2011, Health-related quality of life in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: group cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise versus usual treatment. A randomised controlled trial with 1 year of follow-up<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Núñez|first=Montserrat|author-link=Montqserrat Núñez|last2=Fernández-Solà|first2=Joaquim|author-link2=Joaquim Fernández-Solà|last3=Nuñez|first3=Esther|author-link3=Esther Nuñez|last4=Fernández-Huerta|first4=José-Manuel|author-link4=José-Manuel Fernández-Huerta|last5=Godás-Sieso|first5=Teresa|author-link5=Teresa Godás-Sieso|last6=Gomez-Gil|first6=Esther|author-link6=Esther Gomez-Gil|date=Mar 2011|title=Health-related quality of life in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: group cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise versus usual treatment. A randomised controlled trial with 1 year of follow-up|url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.467.4965&rep=rep1&type=pdf|journal=Clinical Rheumatology|volume=30|issue=3|pages=381–389|doi=10.1007/s10067-010-1677-y|issn=1434-9949|pmid=21234629|quote=|via=}}</ref> [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.467.4965&rep=rep1&type=pdf (Full)]
*2016, Cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: A narrative review on efficacy and informed consent<ref name="keith">{{Cite journal|last=Geraghty|first=Keith J|author-link=Keith Geraghty|last2=Blease|first2=Charlotte|author-link2=Charlotte Blease|date=2016-09-15|title=Cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: A narrative review on efficacy and informed consent|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Keith_Geraghty/publication/308181085_Cognitive_behavioural_therapy_in_the_treatment_of_chronic_fatigue_syndrome_A_narrative_review_on_efficacy_and_informed_consent/links/5a15a37e4585153b546ca7c7/Cognitive-behavioural-therapy-in-the-treatment-of-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-A-narrative-review-on-efficacy-and-informed-consent.pdf|journal=Journal of Health Psychology|volume=23|issue=1|pages=127–138|doi=10.1177/1359105316667798|issn=1359-1053|via=}}</ref> [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Keith_Geraghty/publication/308181085_Cognitive_behavioural_therapy_in_the_treatment_of_chronic_fatigue_syndrome_A_narrative_review_on_efficacy_and_informed_consent/links/5a15a37e4585153b546ca7c7/Cognitive-behavioural-therapy-in-the-treatment-of-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-A-narrative-review-on-efficacy-and-informed-consent.pdf (Full)]
*2016, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27513528?dopt=Abstract Group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Illegems|first=Jela|last2=Moorkens|first2=Greta|last3=Van Den Eede|first3=Filip|date=2016|title=Group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27513528?dopt=Abstract|journal=Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics|volume=85|issue=5|pages=308|doi=10.1159/000445166|issn=1423-0348|pmid=27513528}}</ref>
* 2017, [[ME/CFS|Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome]] patients’ reports of symptom changes following cognitive behavioural therapy, graded exercise therapy and pacing treatments: Analysis of a primary survey compared with secondary surveys<ref name="GeraghtyHannKurtev2017">{{Cite journal|last1= Geraghty|first1 = Keith|authorlink1 = Keith Geraghty|last2 = Hann |first2 = Mark|authorlink2 = Mark Hann |last3 = Kurtev |first3 = Stoyan|authorlink3 = Stoyan Kurtev| title = Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients’ reports of symptom changes following cognitive behavioural therapy, graded exercise therapy and pacing treatments: Analysis of a primary survey compared with secondary surveys|journal = Journal of Health Psychology |volume = |issue = |page = | date = Aug 29, 2017|pmid= |doi= 10.1177/1359105317726152|url= https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105317726152}}</ref> [https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105317726152 (Full text)]
*2017, [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1359105317707215 Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Objective Assessments in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McPhee|first=Graham|author-link=Graham McPhee|date=2017|title=Cognitive behaviour therapy and objective assessments in chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1359105317707215|journal=Journal of Health Psychology|volume=22|issue=9|pages=1181–1186|doi=10.1177/1359105317707215|issn=1461-7277|pmid=28805529|via=}}</ref>
*2017, The presence of co-morbid mental health problems in a cohort of adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Loades|first=Maria Elizabeth|last2=Rimes|first2=Katharine A|last3=Ali|first3=Sheila|last4=Lievesley|first4=Kate|last5=Chalder|first5=Trudie|date=2018-07|title=The presence of co-morbid mental health problems in a cohort of adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1359104517736357|journal=Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry|language=en|volume=23|issue=3|pages=398–408|doi=10.1177/1359104517736357|issn=1359-1045|pmc=PMC6150417|pmid=29096528}}</ref>
*2018, Rethinking the treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wilshire|first=Carolyn E.|author-link=Carolyn Wilshire|last2=Kindlon|first2=Tom|author-link2=Tom Kindlon|last3=Courtney|first3=Robert|author-link3=Robert Courtney|last4=Matthees|first4=Alem|author-link4=Alem Matthees|last5=Tuller|first5=David|author-link5=David Tuller|last6=Geraghty|first6=Keith|author-link6=Keith Geraghty|last7=Levin|first7=Bruce|author-link7=Bruce Levin|date=2018-03-22|title=Rethinking the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome—a reanalysis and evaluation of findings from a recent major trial of graded exercise and CBT|url=https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40359-018-0218-3|journal=BMC Psychology|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=|doi=10.1186/s40359-018-0218-3|issn=2050-7283|pmc=5863477|pmid=29562932|quote=|via=}}</ref>
*2018, [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/cognitivebehavioural-therapy-for-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-neither-efficacious-nor-safe/C8B85E1E18395A44E4535281167FD413 Cognitive–behavioural therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: neither efficacious nor safe]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Twisk|first=Frank|author-link=Frank Twisk|last2=Corsius|first2=Lou|date=Aug 2018|title=Cognitive–behavioural therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: neither efficacious nor safe|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/cognitivebehavioural-therapy-for-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-neither-efficacious-nor-safe/C8B85E1E18395A44E4535281167FD413|journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry|language=en|volume=213|issue=2|pages=500–501|doi=10.1192/bjp.2018.136|issn=0007-1250|via=}}</ref>
*2018, Functional status and well-being in people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome compared with people with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Kingdon|first=Caroline C.|last2=Bowman|first2=Erinna W.|last3=Curran|first3=Hayley|last4=Nacul|first4=Luis|last5=Lacerda|first5=Eliana M.|date=2018-12-01|title=Functional Status and Well-Being in People with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Compared with People with Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s41669-018-0071-6|journal=PharmacoEconomics - Open|language=en|volume=2|issue=4|pages=381–392|doi=10.1007/s41669-018-0071-6|issn=2509-4254|pmc=PMC6249197|pmid=29536371}}</ref>
*2018, Effects of unsupportive social interactions, stigma, and symptoms on patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=McManimen|first=Stephanie L.|last2=McClellan|first2=Damani|last3=Stoothoff|first3=Jamie|last4=Jason|first4=Leonard A.|date=2018|title=Effects of unsupportive social interactions, stigma, and symptoms on patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcop.21984|journal=Journal of Community Psychology|language=en|volume=46|issue=8|pages=959–971|doi=10.1002/jcop.21984|issn=1520-6629|pmc=PMC7944645|pmid=30311972}}</ref>
*2020, The lonely, isolating, and alienating impacts of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Boulazreg|first=Samir|last2=Rokach|first2=Ami|date=2020-10-20|title=The Lonely, Isolating, and Alienating Implications of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/8/4/413|journal=Healthcare|language=en|volume=8|issue=4|pages=413|doi=10.3390/healthcare8040413|issn=2227-9032|pmc=PMC7711762|pmid=33092097}}</ref>
*2020, Health-related quality of life in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Eaton-Fitch|first=N.|last2=Johnston|first2=S. C.|last3=Zalewski|first3=P.|last4=Staines|first4=D.|last5=Marshall-Gradisnik|first5=S.|date=2020-06-01|title=Health-related quality of life in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: an Australian cross-sectional study|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02411-6|journal=Quality of Life Research|language=en|volume=29|issue=6|pages=1521–1531|doi=10.1007/s11136-019-02411-6|issn=1573-2649|pmc=PMC7253372|pmid=31970624}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Patient mental health]]
* [[Cognitive behavioral therapy]]
* [[Depression]]
* [[Anxiety]]
* [[:Category:Psychological signs and symptoms|Psychological signs and symptoms]] (category)
* [[:Category:Mental disorders|Mental disorders]] (category)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:Mental disorders]]

Mental health

2021-05-26T21:46:54Z

Mstewart:added additional studies

'''Mental health''' is a broad term that can refer to cognitive, behavioral, emotional, psychological, and/or social well-being.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mentalhealth.gov/basics/what-is-mental-health|title=What Is Mental Health?|last=|first=|authorlink=|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|date=August 29, 2017|website=www.mentalhealth.gov|publisher=U.S. Department of Health & Human Services|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/what-is-mental-illness|title=What Is Mental Illness?|last=|first=|authorlink=|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|date=August 2018|website=www.psychiatry.org|publisher=American Psychiatric Association|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/features/factfiles/mental_health/en/|title=Mental health: a state of well-being|last=|first=|authorlink=|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|date=|website=WHO|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-02-18}}</ref> Mental illness refers to a psychiatric illness, for example [[depression]], [[anxiety]] or [[Anorexia and eating disorders|anorexia nervosa]].

== ME/CFS ==
Brown et al (2010) found that patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] who had both a mental illness before CFS and a current mental illness had greater [[pain]], great [[sleep dysfunction]], and more physical symptoms compared to patients with CFS who did not have a mental illness, or patients whose mental illness only began after they became ill with chronic fatigue syndrome.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Molly M.|author-link=Molly Brown|last2=Kaplan|first2=Carly|author-link2=Carly Kaplan|last3=Jason|first3=Leonard A.|author-link3=Leonard Jason|last4=Keys|first4=Christopher B.|author-link4=Christopher Keys|author-link5=|author-link6=|date=2010|title=Subgroups of chronic fatigue syndrome based on psychiatric disorder onset and current psychiatric status|url=http://www.scirp.org/journal/doi.aspx?DOI=10.4236/health.2010.22015|journal=Health|volume=02|issue=02|pages=90–96|doi=10.4236/health.2010.22015|issn=1949-4998|quote=|via=}}</ref> Level of fatigue was not significantly associated with past or current psychiatric illness, and even chronic fatigue syndrome patients with no psychiatric history had severe disability.<ref name=":1" />

==Studies==
*2006, Differential diagnosis of [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] and [[major depressive disorder]]<ref name="Hawk, 2006">{{Citation
| last1 = Hawk | first1 = C | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Jason | first2 = L | authorlink2 = Leonard Jason
| last3 = Torres-Harding | first3 = S | authorlink3 = Susan Torres-Harding
| title = Differential diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome and major depressive disorder
| journal = International Journal of Behavioral Medicine | volume = 13 | issue = 3 | page = 244-51
| date = 2006
| pmid = 17078775
| doi = 10.1207/s15327558ijbm1303_8
| url = http://www.healthrising.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Hawk.-Jason.-Differential-Diagnosis-of-Chronic-Fatigue-Syndrome-and-Major-Depressive-Disorder.pdf
}}
</ref> [http://www.healthrising.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Hawk.-Jason.-Differential-Diagnosis-of-Chronic-Fatigue-Syndrome-and-Major-Depressive-Disorder.pdf (Full Text)]
*2008, A Systematic Review of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Don't Assume It's [[Depression]]<ref name="Griffith, 2008">{{Citation
| last1 = Griffith | first1 = J. P. | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Zarrouf | first2 = F. A. | authorlink2 =
| title = A Systematic Review of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Don’t Assume It’s Depression
| journal = Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | page = 120–128
| date = 2008
| pmid = 18458765
}}
</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2292451/ (Full Text)]
*2009, A review on [[cognitive behavioral therapy]] (CBT) and [[graded exercise therapy]] (GET) in [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] (ME) / [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (CFS): [[Cognitive behavioral therapy|CBT]]/[[Graded exercise therapy|GET]] is not only ineffective and not evidence-based, but also potentially harmful for many patients with [[ME/CFS]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Twisk|first=Frank N. M.|last2=Maes|first2=Michael|date=2009|title=A review on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET) in myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) / chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): CBT/GET is not only ineffective and not evidence-based, but also potentially harmful for many patients with ME/CFS|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19855350/|journal=Neuro Endocrinology Letters|volume=30|issue=3|pages=284–299|issn=0172-780X|pmid=19855350|quote=|author-link=Frank Twisk|author-link2=Michael Maes|author-link3=|author-link4=|author-link5=|via=}}</ref> ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19855350/ Abstract])
*2010, Subgroups of chronic fatigue syndrome based on psychiatric disorder onset and current psychiatric status<ref name=":1" /> [https://www.scirp.org/fileOperation/downLoad.aspx?path=Health20100200003_77432052.pdf&type=journal (Full text)]
*2011, [[Anxiety]] and depression in [[CFS/ME|chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis]] (CFS/ME): Examining the incidence of health anxiety in [[CFS/ME]]<ref name="Daniels, 2017">{{Citation
| last1 = Daniels | first1 = J | authorlink1 =
| last2 = Brigden | first2 = A | authorlink2 =
| last3 = Kacorova | first3 = A | authorlink3 =
| title = Anxiety and depression in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME): Examining the incidence of health anxiety in CFS/ME
| journal = Psychol Psychother | volume = 90 | issue = 3 | page = 502-509
| date = 2017
| pmid =
| doi = 10.1111/papt.12118
}}
</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28244209 (Abstract)]
*2011, [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e464/4b1ccceb7e10b0f1 Reporting of Harms Associated with Graded Exercise Therapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]
*2011, Health-related quality of life in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: group cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise versus usual treatment. A randomised controlled trial with 1 year of follow-up<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Núñez|first=Montserrat|author-link=Montqserrat Núñez|last2=Fernández-Solà|first2=Joaquim|author-link2=Joaquim Fernández-Solà|last3=Nuñez|first3=Esther|author-link3=Esther Nuñez|last4=Fernández-Huerta|first4=José-Manuel|author-link4=José-Manuel Fernández-Huerta|last5=Godás-Sieso|first5=Teresa|author-link5=Teresa Godás-Sieso|last6=Gomez-Gil|first6=Esther|author-link6=Esther Gomez-Gil|date=Mar 2011|title=Health-related quality of life in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: group cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise versus usual treatment. A randomised controlled trial with 1 year of follow-up|url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.467.4965&rep=rep1&type=pdf|journal=Clinical Rheumatology|volume=30|issue=3|pages=381–389|doi=10.1007/s10067-010-1677-y|issn=1434-9949|pmid=21234629|quote=|via=}}</ref> [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.467.4965&rep=rep1&type=pdf (Full)]
*2016, Cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: A narrative review on efficacy and informed consent<ref name="keith">{{Cite journal|last=Geraghty|first=Keith J|author-link=Keith Geraghty|last2=Blease|first2=Charlotte|author-link2=Charlotte Blease|date=2016-09-15|title=Cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: A narrative review on efficacy and informed consent|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Keith_Geraghty/publication/308181085_Cognitive_behavioural_therapy_in_the_treatment_of_chronic_fatigue_syndrome_A_narrative_review_on_efficacy_and_informed_consent/links/5a15a37e4585153b546ca7c7/Cognitive-behavioural-therapy-in-the-treatment-of-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-A-narrative-review-on-efficacy-and-informed-consent.pdf|journal=Journal of Health Psychology|volume=23|issue=1|pages=127–138|doi=10.1177/1359105316667798|issn=1359-1053|via=}}</ref> [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Keith_Geraghty/publication/308181085_Cognitive_behavioural_therapy_in_the_treatment_of_chronic_fatigue_syndrome_A_narrative_review_on_efficacy_and_informed_consent/links/5a15a37e4585153b546ca7c7/Cognitive-behavioural-therapy-in-the-treatment-of-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-A-narrative-review-on-efficacy-and-informed-consent.pdf (Full)]
*2016, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27513528?dopt=Abstract Group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Illegems|first=Jela|last2=Moorkens|first2=Greta|last3=Van Den Eede|first3=Filip|date=2016|title=Group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27513528?dopt=Abstract|journal=Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics|volume=85|issue=5|pages=308|doi=10.1159/000445166|issn=1423-0348|pmid=27513528}}</ref>
* 2017, [[ME/CFS|Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome]] patients’ reports of symptom changes following cognitive behavioural therapy, graded exercise therapy and pacing treatments: Analysis of a primary survey compared with secondary surveys<ref name="GeraghtyHannKurtev2017">{{Cite journal|last1= Geraghty|first1 = Keith|authorlink1 = Keith Geraghty|last2 = Hann |first2 = Mark|authorlink2 = Mark Hann |last3 = Kurtev |first3 = Stoyan|authorlink3 = Stoyan Kurtev| title = Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients’ reports of symptom changes following cognitive behavioural therapy, graded exercise therapy and pacing treatments: Analysis of a primary survey compared with secondary surveys|journal = Journal of Health Psychology |volume = |issue = |page = | date = Aug 29, 2017|pmid= |doi= 10.1177/1359105317726152|url= https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105317726152}}</ref> [https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105317726152 (Full text)]
*2017, [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1359105317707215 Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Objective Assessments in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McPhee|first=Graham|author-link=Graham McPhee|date=2017|title=Cognitive behaviour therapy and objective assessments in chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1359105317707215|journal=Journal of Health Psychology|volume=22|issue=9|pages=1181–1186|doi=10.1177/1359105317707215|issn=1461-7277|pmid=28805529|via=}}</ref>
*2017, The presence of co-morbid mental health problems in a cohort of adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Loades|first=Maria Elizabeth|last2=Rimes|first2=Katharine A|last3=Ali|first3=Sheila|last4=Lievesley|first4=Kate|last5=Chalder|first5=Trudie|date=2018-07|title=The presence of co-morbid mental health problems in a cohort of adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1359104517736357|journal=Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry|language=en|volume=23|issue=3|pages=398–408|doi=10.1177/1359104517736357|issn=1359-1045|pmc=PMC6150417|pmid=29096528}}</ref>
*2018, Rethinking the treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wilshire|first=Carolyn E.|author-link=Carolyn Wilshire|last2=Kindlon|first2=Tom|author-link2=Tom Kindlon|last3=Courtney|first3=Robert|author-link3=Robert Courtney|last4=Matthees|first4=Alem|author-link4=Alem Matthees|last5=Tuller|first5=David|author-link5=David Tuller|last6=Geraghty|first6=Keith|author-link6=Keith Geraghty|last7=Levin|first7=Bruce|author-link7=Bruce Levin|date=2018-03-22|title=Rethinking the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome—a reanalysis and evaluation of findings from a recent major trial of graded exercise and CBT|url=https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40359-018-0218-3|journal=BMC Psychology|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=|doi=10.1186/s40359-018-0218-3|issn=2050-7283|pmc=5863477|pmid=29562932|quote=|via=}}</ref>
*2018, [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/cognitivebehavioural-therapy-for-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-neither-efficacious-nor-safe/C8B85E1E18395A44E4535281167FD413 Cognitive–behavioural therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: neither efficacious nor safe]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Twisk|first=Frank|author-link=Frank Twisk|last2=Corsius|first2=Lou|date=Aug 2018|title=Cognitive–behavioural therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: neither efficacious nor safe|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/cognitivebehavioural-therapy-for-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-neither-efficacious-nor-safe/C8B85E1E18395A44E4535281167FD413|journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry|language=en|volume=213|issue=2|pages=500–501|doi=10.1192/bjp.2018.136|issn=0007-1250|via=}}</ref>
*2018, Functional status and well-being in people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome compared with people with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kingdon|first=Caroline C.|last2=Bowman|first2=Erinna W.|last3=Curran|first3=Hayley|last4=Nacul|first4=Luis|last5=Lacerda|first5=Eliana M.|date=2018-12-01|title=Functional Status and Well-Being in People with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Compared with People with Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s41669-018-0071-6|journal=PharmacoEconomics - Open|language=en|volume=2|issue=4|pages=381–392|doi=10.1007/s41669-018-0071-6|issn=2509-4254|pmc=PMC6249197|pmid=29536371}}</ref>
*2018, Effects of unsupportive social interactions, stigma, and symptoms on patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McManimen|first=Stephanie L.|last2=McClellan|first2=Damani|last3=Stoothoff|first3=Jamie|last4=Jason|first4=Leonard A.|date=2018|title=Effects of unsupportive social interactions, stigma, and symptoms on patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcop.21984|journal=Journal of Community Psychology|language=en|volume=46|issue=8|pages=959–971|doi=10.1002/jcop.21984|issn=1520-6629|pmc=PMC7944645|pmid=30311972}}</ref>
*2020, The lonely, isolating, and alienating impacts of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Boulazreg|first=Samir|last2=Rokach|first2=Ami|date=2020-10-20|title=The Lonely, Isolating, and Alienating Implications of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/8/4/413|journal=Healthcare|language=en|volume=8|issue=4|pages=413|doi=10.3390/healthcare8040413|issn=2227-9032|pmc=PMC7711762|pmid=33092097}}</ref>
*2020, Health-related quality of life in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Eaton-Fitch|first=N.|last2=Johnston|first2=S. C.|last3=Zalewski|first3=P.|last4=Staines|first4=D.|last5=Marshall-Gradisnik|first5=S.|date=2020-06-01|title=Health-related quality of life in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: an Australian cross-sectional study|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02411-6|journal=Quality of Life Research|language=en|volume=29|issue=6|pages=1521–1531|doi=10.1007/s11136-019-02411-6|issn=1573-2649|pmc=PMC7253372|pmid=31970624}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Patient mental health]]
* [[Cognitive behavioral therapy]]
* [[Depression]]
* [[Anxiety]]
* [[:Category:Psychological signs and symptoms|Psychological signs and symptoms]] (category)
* [[:Category:Mental disorders|Mental disorders]] (category)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:Mental disorders]]

MEpedia:Sample page

2021-05-26T21:38:20Z

Mstewart:added citation for Star Wars article

Welcome to the '''sample page'''! This page has been created for anyone who wants to practice some edits on the site. Have a go, play around. Leave your edits behind for the next person who comes along to see.

==Introduction==
Feel free to add your own text.

==A bunch of questions==

===What is your favourite movie===
I like Star Wars a lot. ''The Force Awakens'' broke box office records<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2016/04/05/star-wars-the-force-awakens-so-was-this-franchise-saved/?sh=7944e9862214|title="Star Wars: The Force Awakens": A Look at Its Record-Breaking Box Office Run|date=2016-01-06|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=2021-04-11|last=Mendelson|first=Scott|authorlink=|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=}}</ref>.

===What is something that always makes you laugh?===

My cat... the best kind of kooky weirdness!{{Citation needed|reason=We need documentation supporting this statement about a cat.|date=2018}}

===What is the weather currently like where you are?===
Pouring rain, actually.{{Citation needed|reason=Please provide a relevant weather report.}}

===Where in the world are you right now, and where would you most like to be?===
I am in quarantine right now but I would like to be in my dorm room.

===What are a few of your favourite things?===

==An inspiring blog post==
I loved reading Cort's summary of the history of ME/CFS advocacy. I think it's easy for us to forget how unique we are as a community<ref>http://www.cortjohnson.org/blog/2016/03/17/long-arc-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-me-cfs-advocacy/</ref>

==Notable studies==

==Online resources==

== See also ==
* [[MEpedia:Article outlines|MEpedia article outlines]]
* [[MEpedia:Help desk|Help desk]]

==References==
<ref>
{{Citation
| last1 = Mendelson | first1 = Scott | authorlink1 = Scott Mendelson
| display-authors = 1
| title = Star Wars: The Force Awakens: A Look at Its Record-Breaking Box Office Run
}}
</ref>

[[Category:MEpedia documentation]]

Borna disease virus

2021-04-11T20:04:01Z

Mstewart:Added summaries to notable studies

The '''Borna disease virus''' (BDV) is in the viral order of ''Mononegavirales''. Borna disease is considered to be a [[Zoonotic diseases|zoonotic disease]], that is, a disease that spreads from animals to humans. Borna disease virus can be transmitted by many animals including birds, rodents, and horses.<ref>[http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/3/2/97-0205_article Borna Disease - CDC - Emerging Infectious Diseases]</ref>

== Notable studies ==
*1996, Demonstration of Borna disease virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from Japanese patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nakaya|first=T.|last2=Takahashi|first2=H.|last3=Nakamur|first3=Y.|last4=Kuratsune|first4=H.|last5=Kitani|first5=T.|last6=Machii|first6=T.|last7=Yamanishi|first7=K.|last8=Ikuta|first8=K.|date=1999|title=Borna disease virus infection in two family clusters of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10529109|journal=Microbiology and Immunology|volume=43|issue=7|pages=679–689|issn=0385-5600|pmid=10529109}}</ref> Blood samples from two families, whose members had almost all been diagnosed with CFS, were tested for BDV antibodies. The antibody tests were positive in the family members with CFS, while the healthy members tested negative. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8549821 (Abstract)]
*1996, Possible correlation between Borna disease virus infection and Japanese patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kitani|first=T.|last2=Kuratsune|first2=H.|last3=Fuke|first3=I.|last4=Nakamura|first4=Y.|last5=Nakaya|first5=T.|last6=Asahi|first6=S.|last7=Tobiume|first7=M.|last8=Yamaguti|first8=K.|last9=Machii|first9=T.|date=1996|title=Possible correlation between Borna disease virus infection and Japanese patients with chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8839433|journal=Microbiology and Immunology|volume=40|issue=6|pages=459–462|issn=0385-5600|pmid=8839433}}</ref> BDV RNA was found in the blood cells of a significant number of CFS patients in the study.
*1997, Demonstration on Borna disease virus in patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nakaya|first=T.|last2=Kuratsune|first2=H.|last3=Kitani|first3=T.|last4=Ikuta|first4=K.|date=Nov 1997|title=[Demonstration on Borna disease virus in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome]|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9396313|journal=Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine|volume=55|issue=11|pages=3064–3071|issn=0047-1852|pmid=9396313}}</ref>
*1999, Borna Disease Virus Proteins in Patients with CFS<ref>[[Susan Levine]]. (1999). Borna Disease Virus Proteins in Patients with CFS. ''Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome'', Vol. 5, Iss. 3-4, pp. 199-206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J092v05n03_17</ref>
*1999, Absence of evidence of Borna disease virus infection in Swedish patients with [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Evengård|first=B.|last2=Briese|first2=T.|last3=Lindh|first3=G.|last4=Lee|first4=S.|last5=Lipkin|first5=W. I.|date=Oct 1999|title=Absence of evidence of Borna disease virus infection in Swedish patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10568886|journal=Journal of Neurovirology|volume=5|issue=5|pages=495–499|issn=1355-0284|pmid=10568886}}</ref>
*1999, Borna disease virus infection in two family clusters of patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nakaya|first=T.|last2=Takahashi|first2=H.|last3=Nakamur|first3=Y.|last4=Kuratsune|first4=H.|last5=Kitani|first5=T.|last6=Machii|first6=T.|last7=Yamanishi|first7=K.|last8=Ikuta|first8=K.|date=1999|title=Borna disease virus infection in two family clusters of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10529109|journal=Microbiology and Immunology|volume=43|issue=7|pages=679–689|issn=0385-5600|pmid=10529109}}</ref>

==Learn more==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mononegavirales Wikipedia - Mononegavirales]]

==See also==

* [[Chronic fatigue syndrome in animals]]
* [[Zoonotic diseases|Zoonotic diseases]]

== References ==

[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
[[Category:Triggers and risk factors]]
[[Category:Virology]]
[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
[[Category:Viruses]]

<references />

MEpedia:Sample page

2021-04-11T19:55:38Z

Mstewart:/* What is your favourite movie */

Welcome to the '''sample page'''! This page has been created for anyone who wants to practice some edits on the site. Have a go, play around. Leave your edits behind for the next person who comes along to see.

==Introduction==
Feel free to add your own text.

==A bunch of questions==

===What is your favourite movie===
I like Star Wars a lot. ''The Force Awakens'' broke box office records<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jan/06/star-wars-the-force-awakens-becomes-highest-grossing-film-of-all-time-in-us|title=Star Wars: The Force Awakens becomes highest-grossing film of all time in US|date=2016-01-06|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-04-11}}</ref>.

===What is something that always makes you laugh?===

My cat... the best kind of kooky weirdness!{{Citation needed|reason=We need documentation supporting this statement about a cat.|date=2018}}

===What is the weather currently like where you are?===
Pouring rain, actually.{{Citation needed|reason=Please provide a relevant weather report.}}

===Where in the world are you right now, and where would you most like to be?===
I am in quarantine right now but I would like to be in my dorm room.

===What are a few of your favourite things?===

==An inspiring blog post==
I loved reading Cort's summary of the history of ME/CFS advocacy. I think it's easy for us to forget how unique we are as a community<ref>http://www.cortjohnson.org/blog/2016/03/17/long-arc-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-me-cfs-advocacy/</ref>

==Notable studies==

==Online resources==

== See also ==
* [[MEpedia:Article outlines|MEpedia article outlines]]
* [[MEpedia:Help desk|Help desk]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:MEpedia documentation]]