Systemic lupus erythematosus

2026-02-14T06:02:49Z

Maryraulerson:

{{Stub}}

'''Lupus''' is a chronic [[autoimmune disease]] in which the immune system mistakenly attacks a healthy part of the body.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://resources.lupus.org/entry/what-is-lupus | title = What is Lupus? National Resource Center on Lupus|website=Lupus Resource Center|language=en|access-date=2018-08-10}}</ref> Systemic lupus erythematosus is the most common type of lupus, affecting many parts of the body. Women are more at risk for lupus than are men, and women of color more than Caucasian women.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html | title = Lupus {{!}} Lupus Symptoms {{!}} SLE {{!}} MedlinePlus|access-date=2018-08-10|language=en}}</ref> Many of the symptoms of lupus are the same or similar to symptoms of [[ME/CFS]].

== Epidemiology ==

=== Prevalence ===

=== Risk factors ===

=== Gender differences ===

== Lupus in ME/CFS ==
Lupus is one of several illnesses or conditions experienced alongside of ME/CFS<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ammes.org/overlapping-conditions/ | title = Overlapping Conditions – American ME and CFS Society|website=ammes.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-12}}</ref>

== Disease mechanisms ==

===Immune system===

=== Microbiome ===

== Treatments ==

=== Standard of care ===

=== Experimental treatments ===

==Comparison of Lupus and ME/CFS==

===Notable studies comparing ME/CFS and lupus===

==Learn more==

==See also==
* [[Lady Gaga]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Diagnoses]]
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases and disorders]]

Cardiovascular system

2026-02-14T05:49:09Z

Maryraulerson:

The '''cardiovascular system''', also called the vascular system, is an organ system that allows [[blood]] to circulate and transport nutrients (such as [[amino acid]]s and [[electrolytes]]), [[oxygen]], carbon dioxide, [[hormone]]s, and [[blood]] cells to and from the cells in the body. The cardiovascular system's purpose is to provide nourishment and help fight diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain [[homeostasis]]. It also includes includes the [[lymphatic system]], which circulates [[lymph]].

[[Autonomic nervous system]] dysfunction resulting in [[orthostatic intolerance]] (e.g., [[postural orthostatic tachycardia]] and [[orthostatic hypotension]]), [[low blood volume]], [[preload failure]] and other circulatory issues are all thought to contribute to the symptoms of [[myalgic encephalomyelitis|ME]].

==ME/CFS==

Numerous cardiac abnormalities have been documented in [[Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]] and [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] patients.

These include smaller than normal [[left ventricle]] of the [[heart]]<ref>Miwa K., [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24736946 "Cardiac dysfunction and orthostatic intolerance in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and a small left ventricle"] ''Heart Vessels'', July 2015</ref><ref>Hollingsworth K.G [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/enhanced/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02429.x/ "Impaired cardiac function in chronic fatigue syndrome measured using magnetic resonance cardiac tagging"] ''J Intern Med'' 2012; 271: 264–270.</ref> and low cardiac output.<ref>Miwa K., Fujita M., [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19881233 "Cardiovascular dysfunction with low cardiac output due to a small heart in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome"] ''Intern Med'', 2009;48(21):1849-54</ref><ref>Miwa K, Fujita M., [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/enhanced/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02429.x/ "Small Heart With Low Cardiac Output for Orthostatic Intolerance in Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome"] ''Clinical Cardiology'', Volume 34, Issue 12, 2011</ref>

A 2016 study in the [[Netherlands]] was the first to use contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in assessing cardiac involvement in women who have CFS. Twelve women were recruited from a specialised CFS centre who had a diagnosis of CFS based on the [[Fukuda criteria]]. Thirty-six age- and gender-matched controls were also included. The conclusions were that in patients with CFS, cardiac magnetic resonance demonstrated lower left ventricle dimensions and a mildly reduced left ventricle function. Heart wall motion abnormalities and the presence of myocardial fibrosis were observed in some CFS patients.<ref name="Olimulder, 2016" />

Reduced cardiac volumes have been associated with blood volume, but not length of disease.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | last = Blamire | first = Andrew M. | last2 = MacGowan | first2 = Guy | last3 = Maclachlan | first3 = Laura | last4 = Hodgson | first4 = Tim | last5 = Frith | first5 = James | last6 = Petrides | first6 = George | last7 = Finkelmeyer | first7 = Andreas | last8 = Newton | first8 = Julia L. | date = 2016-06-01 | title = Reduced cardiac volumes in chronic fatigue syndrome associate with plasma volume but not length of disease: a cohort study | url = https://openheart.bmj.com/content/3/1/e000381 | journal = Open Heart|language=en | volume = 3 | issue = 1| pages = e000381|doi=10.1136/openhrt-2015-000381|issn=2053-3624}}</ref>

A study found that blood volume is a strong physiological correlate of peak oxygen consumption in patients with CFS.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal | last = Farquhar | first = William B. | last2 = Hunt | first2 = Brian E. | last3 = Taylor | first3 = J. Andrew | last4 = Darling | first4 = Stephen E. | last5 = Freeman | first5 = Roy | date = 2002-01-01 | title = Blood volume and its relation to peak O2consumption and physical activity in patients with chronic fatigue | url =https://www.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpheart.2002.282.1.h66 | journal = American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology | volume = 282 | issue = 1| pages=H66–H71|doi=10.1152/ajpheart.2002.282.1.H66|issn=0363-6135}}</ref>

[[Orthostatic intolerance]] is also common.<ref>Gerwin Morris, Michael Maes, see citations 12 through 27 in [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/205 "Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and encephalomyelitis disseminata/multiple sclerosis show remarkable levels of similarity in phenomenology and neuroimmune characteristics"] ''BMC Medicine'', 17 September 2013</ref>

CFS patients have several risk factors for heart disease.<ref>Michael Maes, Frank N.M. Twisk, [http://rediviva.sav.sk/51i34/106.pdf "Why myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) may kill you: disorders in the inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) pathways may explain cardiovascular disorders in ME/CFS"] ''Activitas Nervosa Superior Rediviva'', 20 December 2009</ref>

The mean age of death from heart failure of [[Chronic fatigue syndrome|CFS]] patients is 58.7 years as compared to 83.1 years for the general population.<ref>Jason LA, Corradi K, Gress S, Williams S, Torres-Harding S, [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16844674 "Causes of death among patients with chronic fatigue syndrome"] ''Health Care Women Int.'', 27(7): 615-626. 2006</ref>

==Notable studies==
*2007, Usefulness of an abnormal cardiovascular response during low-grade head-up [[Tilt table test|tilt-test]] for discriminating adolescents with chronic fatigue from healthy controls.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Wyller | first = Vegard Bruun | author-link = Vegard Bruun Wyller | last2 = Due | first2 = Reidar | last3 = Saul | first3 = J. Philip | last4 = Amlie | first4 = Jan P. | last5 = Thaulow | first5 = Erik | date = 2007-04-01 | title = Usefulness of an abnormal cardiovascular response during low-grade head-up tilt-test for discriminating adolescents with chronic fatigue from healthy controls |url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17398200 | journal = The American Journal of Cardiology | volume = 99 | issue = 7 | pages = 997–1001|doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.10.067|issn=0002-9149|pmid=17398200|quote= | author-link2 = Reidar Due | author-link3 = J. Philip Saul | author-link4 = Jan P. Amlie | author-link5 = Erik Thaulow|via=}}</ref> ([[pubmed:17398200|Abstract]])
*2016, [http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12471-016-0885-8 Chronic fatigue syndrome in women assessed with combined cardiac magnetic resonance imaging]<ref name="Olimulder, 2016" />
*2016, [http://www.healthrising.org/blog/2016/07/30/21783/ The Blood Volume Paradox in ME/CFS and POTS]<ref name=":1" />
*2016, [http://www.meresearch.org.uk/our-research/completed-studies/reduced-cardiac-volumes/ Reduced cardiac volumes in chronic fatigue syndrome associate with plasma volume but not length of disease: a cohort study]<ref name=":0" />

== Learn more ==
*2016, [http://www.healthrising.org/blog/2016/06/27/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-small-heart-disease/ "Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: the Small Heart Disease"], [[Health Rising]]
*2016, [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/06/160623184238.htm "Getting to the heart of chronic fatigue syndrome"], [[Science Daily]]

==See also==
*[[Hypercoagulation hypothesis]]

==References==
<references>
<ref name="Olimulder, 2016">{{Citation | last =Olimulder | first1 = M.A.G.M. | author-link1 = | last2 = Galjee | first2 = M.A. | author-link2 = | last3 =Wagenaar | first3 = L.J. | author-link3 = | last4 = van Es | first4 = J. | author-link4 = | last5 =van der Palen | first5 = J. | author-link5 = | last6 = Visser | first6 = F.C. | author-link6 = Frans Visser | last7 = Vermeulen | first7 = R.C.W. | author-link7 = | last8 = von Birgelen | first8 = C. | author-link8 = | title = Chronic fatigue syndrome in women assessed with combined cardiac magnetic resonance imaging | journal =Netherlands Heart Journal | date = 2016 | doi = 10.1007/s12471-016-0885-8 }}</ref>
</references>

[[Category:Body systems]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]

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Systemic lupus erythematosus

Cardiovascular system