MEpedia - User contributions [en]

Glossary

2018-09-08T20:12:27Z

Comet:/* C */ added apostrophe to CFSAC entry to fix typo

A '''glossary''' of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) met twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually lasted for two days and the results were presented to the Secretary of [[Health and Human Services]] (HHS). After 15 years, on September 5, 2018, CFSAC's charter was not renewed by the Department of HHS, effectively dissolving the committee without notice or warning.

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying alleged unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial [[PACE trial | PACE Trial]].

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[enterovirus]]''' - a genus of RNA viruses which typically enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract and can sometimes spread to the central nervous system or other parts of the body. Enteroviruses include those which cause [[polio]] and [[coxsackievirus]].

== F ==
'''[[Fukuda criteria]]'''

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial [[PACE trial]].

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort." — "Between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''ME''' - abbreviation for [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms. However, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded ME/CFS Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]''' (ME) - an often devastating illness for which there is little treatment and no cure. An estimated 25% of those suffering with ME are housebound or bedbound. Symptoms include neurological impairments, abnormal energy production, orthostatic intolerance, sleep abnormalities, pain, cognitive impairment, immune dysfunction and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. A defining symptom of ME is [[Post-exertional malaise | post-exertional malaise (PEM)]], or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which means that even small exertions can exacerbate symptoms and have long-lasting detrimental effects.

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and [[Fibromyalgia]] patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

'''[[Oxford criteria]]'''

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion''' (PENE) - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==
'''[[Ramsay definition]]'''

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF ([[Open Medicine Foundation]]) and led by Dr. [[Ronald Davis]] and [[Wenzhong Xiao]], PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, [[gene expression]], [[metabolomics]], [[microbiome]], and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm. Easily confused with "somatoform" or "psychosomatic".

'''somatoform disorder''' - a mental health disorder in which a patient experiences symptoms which can not be explained by current medical knowledge. Symptoms are considered real, even though the cause is never found and is assumed to be psychological. Patients who disagree with the psychological diagnosis of somatoform disorder and the lack of further investigation into their symptoms are often met with skepticism or even disdain by the medical community.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

'''[[tilt table test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==
'''[[WHO]]''' - World Health Organization

'''[[World Health Organization]]''' (WHO) - "A specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations."<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization World Health Organization]</ref> The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is maintained by WHO.

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==
<references />
[[Category:MEpedia guidelines]]

Glossary

2018-09-07T23:36:55Z

Comet:/* C */ Updated CFSAC

A '''glossary''' of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) met twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually lasted for two days and the results were presented to the Secretary of [[Health and Human Services]] (HHS). After 15 years, on September 5, 2018, CFSACs charter was not renewed by the Department of HHS, effectively dissolving the committee without notice or warning.

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying alleged unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial [[PACE trial | PACE Trial]].

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[enterovirus]]''' - a genus of RNA viruses which typically enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract and can sometimes spread to the central nervous system or other parts of the body. Enteroviruses include those which cause [[polio]] and [[coxsackievirus]].

== F ==
'''[[Fukuda criteria]]'''

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial [[PACE trial]].

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort." — "Between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''ME''' - abbreviation for [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms. However, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded ME/CFS Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]''' (ME) - an often devastating illness for which there is little treatment and no cure. An estimated 25% of those suffering with ME are housebound or bedbound. Symptoms include neurological impairments, abnormal energy production, orthostatic intolerance, sleep abnormalities, pain, cognitive impairment, immune dysfunction and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. A defining symptom of ME is [[Post-exertional malaise | post-exertional malaise (PEM)]], or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which means that even small exertions can exacerbate symptoms and have long-lasting detrimental effects.

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and [[Fibromyalgia]] patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

'''[[Oxford criteria]]'''

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion''' (PENE) - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==
'''[[Ramsay definition]]'''

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF ([[Open Medicine Foundation]]) and led by Dr. [[Ronald Davis]] and [[Wenzhong Xiao]], PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, [[gene expression]], [[metabolomics]], [[microbiome]], and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm. Easily confused with "somatoform" or "psychosomatic".

'''somatoform disorder''' - a mental health disorder in which a patient experiences symptoms which can not be explained by current medical knowledge. Symptoms are considered real, even though the cause is never found and is assumed to be psychological. Patients who disagree with the psychological diagnosis of somatoform disorder and the lack of further investigation into their symptoms are often met with skepticism or even disdain by the medical community.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

'''[[tilt table test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==
'''[[WHO]]''' - World Health Organization

'''[[World Health Organization]]''' (WHO) - "A specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations."<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization World Health Organization]</ref> The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is maintained by WHO.

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==
<references />
[[Category:MEpedia guidelines]]

Glossary

2018-09-07T23:34:35Z

Comet:/* C */ Updated CFSAC definition to include non-renewal of charter

A '''glossary''' of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of [[Health and Human Services]] (HHS). After 15 years, on September 5, 2018, CFSAC's charter was not renewed by the Department of HHS, effectively dissolving the committee without notice or warning.

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying alleged unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial [[PACE trial | PACE Trial]].

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[enterovirus]]''' - a genus of RNA viruses which typically enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract and can sometimes spread to the central nervous system or other parts of the body. Enteroviruses include those which cause [[polio]] and [[coxsackievirus]].

== F ==
'''[[Fukuda criteria]]'''

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial [[PACE trial]].

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort." — "Between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''ME''' - abbreviation for [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms. However, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded ME/CFS Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]''' (ME) - an often devastating illness for which there is little treatment and no cure. An estimated 25% of those suffering with ME are housebound or bedbound. Symptoms include neurological impairments, abnormal energy production, orthostatic intolerance, sleep abnormalities, pain, cognitive impairment, immune dysfunction and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. A defining symptom of ME is [[Post-exertional malaise | post-exertional malaise (PEM)]], or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which means that even small exertions can exacerbate symptoms and have long-lasting detrimental effects.

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and [[Fibromyalgia]] patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

'''[[Oxford criteria]]'''

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion''' (PENE) - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==
'''[[Ramsay definition]]'''

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF ([[Open Medicine Foundation]]) and led by Dr. [[Ronald Davis]] and [[Wenzhong Xiao]], PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, [[gene expression]], [[metabolomics]], [[microbiome]], and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm. Easily confused with "somatoform" or "psychosomatic".

'''somatoform disorder''' - a mental health disorder in which a patient experiences symptoms which can not be explained by current medical knowledge. Symptoms are considered real, even though the cause is never found and is assumed to be psychological. Patients who disagree with the psychological diagnosis of somatoform disorder and the lack of further investigation into their symptoms are often met with skepticism or even disdain by the medical community.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

'''[[tilt table test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==
'''[[WHO]]''' - World Health Organization

'''[[World Health Organization]]''' (WHO) - "A specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations."<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization World Health Organization]</ref> The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is maintained by WHO.

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==
<references />
[[Category:MEpedia guidelines]]

Glossary

2018-08-20T03:31:19Z

Comet:/* P */ added (PENE) to post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion entry

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of [[Health and Human Services]] (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying alleged unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial [[PACE trial | PACE Trial]].

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[enterovirus]]''' - a genus of RNA viruses which typically enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract and can sometimes spread to the central nervous system or other parts of the body. Enteroviruses include those which cause [[polio]] and [[coxsackievirus]].

== F ==
'''[[Fukuda criteria]]'''

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial [[PACE trial]].

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort." — "Between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''ME''' - abbreviation for [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms. However, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded ME/CFS Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]''' (ME) - an often devastating illness for which there is little treatment and no cure. An estimated 25% of those suffering with ME are housebound or bedbound. Symptoms include neurological impairments, abnormal energy production, orthostatic intolerance, sleep abnormalities, pain, cognitive impairment, immune dysfunction and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. A defining symptom of ME is [[Post-exertional malaise | post-exertional malaise (PEM)]], or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which means that even small exertions can exacerbate symptoms and have long-lasting detrimental effects.

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and [[Fibromyalgia]] patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

'''[[Oxford criteria]]'''

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion''' (PENE) - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==
'''[[Ramsay definition]]'''

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF ([[Open Medicine Foundation]]) and led by Dr. [[Ronald Davis]] and [[Wenzhong Xiao]], PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, [[gene expression]], [[metabolomics]], [[microbiome]], and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm. Easily confused with "somatoform" or "psychosomatic".

'''somatoform disorder''' - a mental health disorder in which a patient experiences symptoms which can not be explained by current medical knowledge. Symptoms are considered real, even though the cause is never found and is assumed to be psychological. Patients who disagree with the psychological diagnosis of somatoform disorder and the lack of further investigation into their symptoms are often met with skepticism or even disdain by the medical community.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

'''[[tilt table test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==
'''[[WHO]]''' - World Health Organization

'''[[World Health Organization]]''' (WHO) - "A specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations."<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization World Health Organization]</ref> The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is maintained by WHO.

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-08-20T03:28:41Z

Comet:/* M */ fixed typo in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis entry

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of [[Health and Human Services]] (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying alleged unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial [[PACE trial | PACE Trial]].

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[enterovirus]]''' - a genus of RNA viruses which typically enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract and can sometimes spread to the central nervous system or other parts of the body. Enteroviruses include those which cause [[polio]] and [[coxsackievirus]].

== F ==
'''[[Fukuda criteria]]'''

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial [[PACE trial]].

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort." — "Between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''ME''' - abbreviation for [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms. However, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded ME/CFS Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]''' (ME) - an often devastating illness for which there is little treatment and no cure. An estimated 25% of those suffering with ME are housebound or bedbound. Symptoms include neurological impairments, abnormal energy production, orthostatic intolerance, sleep abnormalities, pain, cognitive impairment, immune dysfunction and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. A defining symptom of ME is [[Post-exertional malaise | post-exertional malaise (PEM)]], or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which means that even small exertions can exacerbate symptoms and have long-lasting detrimental effects.

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and [[Fibromyalgia]] patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

'''[[Oxford criteria]]'''

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==
'''[[Ramsay definition]]'''

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF ([[Open Medicine Foundation]]) and led by Dr. [[Ronald Davis]] and [[Wenzhong Xiao]], PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, [[gene expression]], [[metabolomics]], [[microbiome]], and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm. Easily confused with "somatoform" or "psychosomatic".

'''somatoform disorder''' - a mental health disorder in which a patient experiences symptoms which can not be explained by current medical knowledge. Symptoms are considered real, even though the cause is never found and is assumed to be psychological. Patients who disagree with the psychological diagnosis of somatoform disorder and the lack of further investigation into their symptoms are often met with skepticism or even disdain by the medical community.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

'''[[tilt table test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==
'''[[WHO]]''' - World Health Organization

'''[[World Health Organization]]''' (WHO) - "A specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations."<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization World Health Organization]</ref> The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is maintained by WHO.

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-08-20T02:09:53Z

Comet:/* S */ reworded somatoform disorder def

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of [[Health and Human Services]] (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying alleged unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial [[PACE trial | PACE Trial]].

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[enterovirus]]''' - a genus of RNA viruses which typically enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract and can sometimes spread to the central nervous system or other parts of the body. Enteroviruses include those which cause [[polio]] and [[coxsackievirus]].

== F ==
'''[[Fukuda criteria]]'''

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial [[PACE trial]].

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort." — "Between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''ME''' - abbreviation for [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms. However, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded ME/CFS Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]''' (ME) - an often devastating illness for which there is little treatment and no cure. An estimated 25% of those suffering with ME are housebound or bedbound. Symptoms include neurological impairments, abnormal energy production, orthostatic intolerance, sleep abnormalities, pain, cognitive impairment, immune dysfunction and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. A defining symptom of ME is [[Post-exertional malaise | post-exertional malaise (PEM)]], or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which means that even small exertions can exacerbate symptoms and have a long-lasting detrimental effect.

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and [[Fibromyalgia]] patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

'''[[Oxford criteria]]'''

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==
'''[[Ramsay definition]]'''

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF ([[Open Medicine Foundation]]) and led by Dr. [[Ronald Davis]] and [[Wenzhong Xiao]], PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, [[gene expression]], [[metabolomics]], [[microbiome]], and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm. Easily confused with "somatoform" or "psychosomatic".

'''somatoform disorder''' - a mental health disorder in which a patient experiences symptoms which can not be explained by current medical knowledge. Symptoms are considered real, even though the cause is never found and is assumed to be psychological. Patients who disagree with the psychological diagnosis of somatoform disorder and the lack of further investigation into their symptoms are often met with skepticism or even disdain by the medical community.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

'''[[tilt table test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==
'''[[WHO]]''' - World Health Organization

'''[[World Health Organization]]''' (WHO) - "A specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations."<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization World Health Organization]</ref> The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is maintained by WHO.

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-08-20T02:00:28Z

Comet:/* P */ changed P to p in PwME for consistancy

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of [[Health and Human Services]] (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying alleged unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial [[PACE trial | PACE Trial]].

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[enterovirus]]''' - a genus of RNA viruses which typically enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract and can sometimes spread to the central nervous system or other parts of the body. Enteroviruses include those which cause [[polio]] and [[coxsackievirus]].

== F ==
'''[[Fukuda criteria]]'''

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial [[PACE trial]].

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort." — "Between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''ME''' - abbreviation for [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms. However, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded ME/CFS Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]''' (ME) - an often devastating illness for which there is little treatment and no cure. An estimated 25% of those suffering with ME are housebound or bedbound. Symptoms include neurological impairments, abnormal energy production, orthostatic intolerance, sleep abnormalities, pain, cognitive impairment, immune dysfunction and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. A defining symptom of ME is [[Post-exertional malaise | post-exertional malaise (PEM)]], or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which means that even small exertions can exacerbate symptoms and have a long-lasting detrimental effect.

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and [[Fibromyalgia]] patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

'''[[Oxford criteria]]'''

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==
'''[[Ramsay definition]]'''

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF ([[Open Medicine Foundation]]) and led by Dr. [[Ronald Davis]] and [[Wenzhong Xiao]], PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, [[gene expression]], [[metabolomics]], [[microbiome]], and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm. Easily confused with "somatoform" or "psychosomatic".

'''somatoform disorder''' - a mental health disorder in which a patient experiences symptoms which can not be explained by current medical knowledge. Symptoms are considered real, even though the cause is never found and is assumed to be psychological. Patients who disagree with the lack of investigation and psychological diagnosis are often met with skepticism by the medical community.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

'''[[tilt table test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==
'''[[WHO]]''' - World Health Organization

'''[[World Health Organization]]''' (WHO) - "A specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations."<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization World Health Organization]</ref> The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is maintained by WHO.

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-08-19T22:54:27Z

Comet:/* S */ added somatoform disorder

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of [[Health and Human Services]] (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying alleged unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial [[PACE trial | PACE Trial]].

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[enterovirus]]''' - a genus of RNA viruses which typically enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract and can sometimes spread to the central nervous system or other parts of the body. Enteroviruses include those which cause [[polio]] and [[coxsackievirus]].

== F ==
'''[[Fukuda criteria]]'''

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial [[PACE trial]].

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort." — "Between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''ME''' - abbreviation for [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms. However, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded ME/CFS Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]''' (ME) - an often devastating illness for which there is little treatment and no cure. An estimated 25% of those suffering with ME are housebound or bedbound. Symptoms include neurological impairments, abnormal energy production, orthostatic intolerance, sleep abnormalities, pain, cognitive impairment, immune dysfunction and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. A defining symptom of ME is [[Post-exertional malaise | post-exertional malaise (PEM)]], or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which means that even small exertions can exacerbate symptoms and have a long-lasting detrimental effect.

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and [[Fibromyalgia]] patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

'''[[Oxford criteria]]'''

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==
'''[[Ramsay definition]]'''

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF ([[Open Medicine Foundation]]) and led by Dr. [[Ronald Davis]] and [[Wenzhong Xiao]], PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, [[gene expression]], [[metabolomics]], [[microbiome]], and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm. Easily confused with "somatoform" or "psychosomatic".

'''somatoform disorder''' - a mental health disorder in which a patient experiences symptoms which can not be explained by current medical knowledge. Symptoms are considered real, even though the cause is never found and is assumed to be psychological. Patients who disagree with the lack of investigation and psychological diagnosis are often met with skepticism by the medical community.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

'''[[tilt table test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==
'''[[WHO]]''' - World Health Organization

'''[[World Health Organization]]''' (WHO) - "A specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations."<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization World Health Organization]</ref> The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is maintained by WHO.

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-08-19T22:42:07Z

Comet:/* S */ reworded somatic definition

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of [[Health and Human Services]] (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying alleged unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial [[PACE trial | PACE Trial]].

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[enterovirus]]''' - a genus of RNA viruses which typically enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract and can sometimes spread to the central nervous system or other parts of the body. Enteroviruses include those which cause [[polio]] and [[coxsackievirus]].

== F ==
'''[[Fukuda criteria]]'''

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial [[PACE trial]].

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort." — "Between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''ME''' - abbreviation for [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms. However, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded ME/CFS Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]''' (ME) - an often devastating illness for which there is little treatment and no cure. An estimated 25% of those suffering with ME are housebound or bedbound. Symptoms include neurological impairments, abnormal energy production, orthostatic intolerance, sleep abnormalities, pain, cognitive impairment, immune dysfunction and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. A defining symptom of ME is [[Post-exertional malaise | post-exertional malaise (PEM)]], or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which means that even small exertions can exacerbate symptoms and have a long-lasting detrimental effect.

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and [[Fibromyalgia]] patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

'''[[Oxford criteria]]'''

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==
'''[[Ramsay definition]]'''

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF ([[Open Medicine Foundation]]) and led by Dr. [[Ronald Davis]] and [[Wenzhong Xiao]], PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, [[gene expression]], [[metabolomics]], [[microbiome]], and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm. Easily confused with "somatoform" or "psychosomatic".

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

'''[[tilt table test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==
'''[[WHO]]''' - World Health Organization

'''[[World Health Organization]]''' (WHO) - "A specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations."<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization World Health Organization]</ref> The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is maintained by WHO.

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-08-19T22:39:16Z

Comet:/* T */ changed capital T to lower case

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of [[Health and Human Services]] (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying alleged unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial [[PACE trial | PACE Trial]].

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[enterovirus]]''' - a genus of RNA viruses which typically enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract and can sometimes spread to the central nervous system or other parts of the body. Enteroviruses include those which cause [[polio]] and [[coxsackievirus]].

== F ==
'''[[Fukuda criteria]]'''

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial [[PACE trial]].

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort." — "Between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''ME''' - abbreviation for [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms. However, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded ME/CFS Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]''' (ME) - an often devastating illness for which there is little treatment and no cure. An estimated 25% of those suffering with ME are housebound or bedbound. Symptoms include neurological impairments, abnormal energy production, orthostatic intolerance, sleep abnormalities, pain, cognitive impairment, immune dysfunction and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. A defining symptom of ME is [[Post-exertional malaise | post-exertional malaise (PEM)]], or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which means that even small exertions can exacerbate symptoms and have a long-lasting detrimental effect.

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and [[Fibromyalgia]] patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

'''[[Oxford criteria]]'''

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==
'''[[Ramsay definition]]'''

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF ([[Open Medicine Foundation]]) and led by Dr. [[Ronald Davis]] and [[Wenzhong Xiao]], PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, [[gene expression]], [[metabolomics]], [[microbiome]], and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - easily confused with "somatoform" or "psychosomatic", somatic simply means relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

'''[[tilt table test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==
'''[[WHO]]''' - World Health Organization

'''[[World Health Organization]]''' (WHO) - "A specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations."<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization World Health Organization]</ref> The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is maintained by WHO.

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-08-19T22:36:01Z

Comet:/* M */ edited definition of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of [[Health and Human Services]] (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying alleged unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial [[PACE trial | PACE Trial]].

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[enterovirus]]''' - a genus of RNA viruses which typically enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract and can sometimes spread to the central nervous system or other parts of the body. Enteroviruses include those which cause [[polio]] and [[coxsackievirus]].

== F ==
'''[[Fukuda criteria]]'''

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial [[PACE trial]].

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort." — "Between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''ME''' - abbreviation for [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms. However, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded ME/CFS Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]''' (ME) - an often devastating illness for which there is little treatment and no cure. An estimated 25% of those suffering with ME are housebound or bedbound. Symptoms include neurological impairments, abnormal energy production, orthostatic intolerance, sleep abnormalities, pain, cognitive impairment, immune dysfunction and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. A defining symptom of ME is [[Post-exertional malaise | post-exertional malaise (PEM)]], or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which means that even small exertions can exacerbate symptoms and have a long-lasting detrimental effect.

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and [[Fibromyalgia]] patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

'''[[Oxford criteria]]'''

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==
'''[[Ramsay definition]]'''

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF ([[Open Medicine Foundation]]) and led by Dr. [[Ronald Davis]] and [[Wenzhong Xiao]], PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, [[gene expression]], [[metabolomics]], [[microbiome]], and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - easily confused with "somatoform" or "psychosomatic", somatic simply means relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

'''[[Tilt table test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==
'''[[WHO]]''' - World Health Organization

'''[[World Health Organization]]''' (WHO) - "A specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations."<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization World Health Organization]</ref> The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is maintained by WHO.

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-08-19T18:57:41Z

Comet:/* M */ added ME

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of [[Health and Human Services]] (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying alleged unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial [[PACE trial | PACE Trial]].

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[enterovirus]]''' - a genus of RNA viruses which typically enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract and can sometimes spread to the central nervous system or other parts of the body. Enteroviruses include those which cause [[polio]] and [[coxsackievirus]].

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial [[PACE trial]].

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort." — "Between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''ME''' - abbreviation for [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms. However, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded ME/CFS Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]''' (ME) - an often devastating illness for which there is little treatment and no cure. An estimated 25% of those suffering with ME are housebound or bedbound. Symptoms include neurological impairments, abnormal energy production, orthostatic intolerance, sleep abnormalities, pain, joint pain, cognitive impairment, immune dysfunction and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. A defining symptom of ME is [[Post-exertional malaise | post-exertional malaise (PEM)]], or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which mean that even small exertions can exacerbate symptoms and have a long-lasting effect.

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and [[Fibromyalgia]] patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF ([[Open Medicine Foundation]]) and led by Dr. [[Ronald Davis]] and [[Wenzhong Xiao]], PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, [[gene expression]], [[metabolomics]], [[microbiome]], and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==
'''[[WHO]]''' - World Health Organization

'''[[World Health Organization]]''' (WHO) - "A specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations."<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization World Health Organization]</ref> The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is maintained by WHO.

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-08-19T18:51:54Z

Comet:/* M */ added definition for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of [[Health and Human Services]] (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying alleged unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial [[PACE trial | PACE Trial]].

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[enterovirus]]''' - a genus of RNA viruses which typically enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract and can sometimes spread to the central nervous system or other parts of the body. Enteroviruses include those which cause [[polio]] and [[coxsackievirus]].

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial [[PACE trial]].

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort." — "Between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms. However, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded ME/CFS Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]''' (ME) - an often devastating illness for which there is little treatment and no cure. An estimated 25% of those suffering with ME are housebound or bedbound. Symptoms include neurological impairments, abnormal energy production, orthostatic intolerance, sleep abnormalities, pain, joint pain, cognitive impairment, immune dysfunction and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. A defining symptom of ME is [[Post-exertional malaise | post-exertional malaise (PEM)]], or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which mean that even small exertions can exacerbate symptoms and have a long-lasting effect.

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and [[Fibromyalgia]] patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF ([[Open Medicine Foundation]]) and led by Dr. [[Ronald Davis]] and [[Wenzhong Xiao]], PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, [[gene expression]], [[metabolomics]], [[microbiome]], and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==
'''[[WHO]]''' - World Health Organization

'''[[World Health Organization]]''' (WHO) - "A specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations."<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization World Health Organization]</ref> The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is maintained by WHO.

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-30T01:45:28Z

Comet:/* W */ bolded 2 W entries; added hypen to WHO ENTRY

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of [[Health and Human Services]] (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying alleged unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial [[PACE trial | PACE Trial]].

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[enterovirus]]''' - a genus of RNA viruses which typically enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract and can sometimes spread to the central nervous system or other parts of the body. Enteroviruses include those which cause [[polio]] and [[coxsackievirus]].

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial [[PACE trial]].

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort." — "Between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms. However, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded ME/CFS Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and [[Fibromyalgia]] patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF ([[Open Medicine Foundation]]) and led by Dr. [[Ronald Davis]] and [[Wenzhong Xiao]], PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, [[gene expression]], [[metabolomics]], [[microbiome]], and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==
'''[[WHO]]''' - World Health Organization

'''[[World Health Organization]]''' (WHO) - "A specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations."<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization World Health Organization]</ref> The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is maintained by WHO.

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-13T02:57:04Z

Comet:/* C */ added 'alleged' to CBT entry

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of [[Health and Human Services]] (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying alleged unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial [[PACE trial | PACE Trial]].

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[enterovirus]]''' - a genus of RNA viruses which typically enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract and can sometimes spread to the central nervous system or other parts of the body. Enteroviruses include those which cause [[polio]] and [[coxsackievirus]].

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial [[PACE trial]].

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort." — "Between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms. However, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded ME/CFS Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and [[Fibromyalgia]] patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF ([[Open Medicine Foundation]]) and led by Dr. [[Ronald Davis]] and [[Wenzhong Xiao]], PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, [[gene expression]], [[metabolomics]], [[microbiome]], and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-13T01:10:27Z

Comet:/* M */ fixed MUPS typo

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of [[Health and Human Services]] (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial [[PACE trial | PACE Trial]].

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[enterovirus]]''' - a genus of RNA viruses which typically enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract and can sometimes spread to the central nervous system or other parts of the body. Enteroviruses include those which cause [[polio]] and [[coxsackievirus]].

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial [[PACE trial]].

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort." — "Between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms. However, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded ME/CFS Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and [[Fibromyalgia]] patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF ([[Open Medicine Foundation]]) and led by Dr. [[Ronald Davis]] and [[Wenzhong Xiao]], PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, [[gene expression]], [[metabolomics]], [[microbiome]], and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-12T22:47:20Z

Comet:/* C */ fixed internal link, PACE trial, in cbt entry

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of [[Health and Human Services]] (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial [[PACE trial | PACE Trial]].

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[enterovirus]]''' - a genus of RNA viruses which typically enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract and can sometimes spread to the central nervous system or other parts of the body. Enteroviruses include those which cause [[polio]] and [[coxsackievirus]].

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial [[PACE trial]].

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort." — "Between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms, however, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused, category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded ME/CFS Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and [[Fibromyalgia]] patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF ([[Open Medicine Foundation]]) and led by Dr. [[Ronald Davis]] and [[Wenzhong Xiao]], PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, [[gene expression]], [[metabolomics]], [[microbiome]], and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-12T22:43:24Z

Comet:/* E */ added enterovirus

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of [[Health and Human Services]] (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial [[PACE Trial]].

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[enterovirus]]''' - a genus of RNA viruses which typically enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract and can sometimes spread to the central nervous system or other parts of the body. Enteroviruses include those which cause [[polio]] and [[coxsackievirus]].

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial [[PACE trial]].

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort." — "Between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms, however, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused, category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded ME/CFS Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and [[Fibromyalgia]] patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by [[Ron Davis]]' team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF ([[Open Medicine Foundation]]) and led by Dr. [[Ronald Davis]] and [[Wenzhong Xiao]], PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, [[gene expression]], [[metabolomics]], [[microbiome]], and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T [[lymphocyte]], or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-12T00:32:11Z

Comet:/* M */ slightly reworded MUPS

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort" and "between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms, however, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused, category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-11T23:03:16Z

Comet:/* E */ added "see also Pacing with a heart rate monitor" to energy envelope theory entry

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort" and "between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - although technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused, category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-11T23:00:18Z

Comet:/* P */ changed single quotes to double in pacing entry

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person.

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort" and "between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - although technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused, category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's "energy envelope" by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-11T22:56:53Z

Comet:/* E */ added definition for energy envelope theory

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]''' - the theory that a person with ME has a limited amount of energy to use each day without causing an exacerbation of symptoms or inducing [[Post-exertional malaise | PEM]]. This "energy envelope" will vary from day to day and from person to person.

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort" and "between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - although technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused, category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-11T22:22:00Z

Comet:/* M */ added MillionsMissing entry

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[IOM]]''' - Institute of Medicine, ([[National Academy of Medicine]] (NAM) as of June 2015) is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization which provides expert advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine and health.

'''[[Institute of Medicine report]]''' - or IOM Report, was published by the Institute of Medicine on February 10 2015. The report ''Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness'' proposed the name [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID). Among its key findings were that "This disease is characterized by profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, autonomic manifestations, pain, and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion of any sort" and "between 836,000 and 2.5 million Americans suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome."

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - although technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused, category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[Millions Missing protests | Millions Missing]]''' - a global campaign, first led by [https://millionsmissing.meaction.net/ #MEAction] in May 2016, which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment equality for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23millionsmissing&src=typd&lang=en #MillionsMissing] on Twitter

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[SEID]]''' - [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] was the name proposed for ME/CFS in the [[Institute of Medicine report]] of February 10, 2015.

'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-11T22:06:06Z

Comet:/* T */ removed TimeForUnrest entry

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - although technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused, category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-11T22:04:11Z

Comet:/* V */ removed period at the end of vo2 max entry

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - although technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused, category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''TimeForUnrest''' - a campaign, in conjunction with the movie ''[https://www.unrest.film/ Unrest]'', which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23timeforunrest&src=typd&lang=en #TimeForUnrest] on Twitter

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-11T22:03:31Z

Comet:/* T */ removed period at the end of T cell entry

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - although technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused, category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video]

'''TimeForUnrest''' - a campaign, in conjunction with the movie ''[https://www.unrest.film/ Unrest]'', which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23timeforunrest&src=typd&lang=en #TimeForUnrest] on Twitter

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-11T22:02:51Z

Comet:/* S */ removed period at the end of spoonie entry

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - although technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused, category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''TimeForUnrest''' - a campaign, in conjunction with the movie ''[https://www.unrest.film/ Unrest]'', which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23timeforunrest&src=typd&lang=en #TimeForUnrest] on Twitter.

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-11T22:02:23Z

Comet:/* S */ removed period at the end of Spoon Theory entry

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - although technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused, category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"]

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''TimeForUnrest''' - a campaign, in conjunction with the movie ''[https://www.unrest.film/ Unrest]'', which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23timeforunrest&src=typd&lang=en #TimeForUnrest] on Twitter.

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-11T22:01:33Z

Comet:/* P */ added hypen to PwME entry

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - although technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused, category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' - Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''TimeForUnrest''' - a campaign, in conjunction with the movie ''[https://www.unrest.film/ Unrest]'', which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23timeforunrest&src=typd&lang=en #TimeForUnrest] on Twitter.

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-11T22:00:26Z

Comet:/* N */ fixed spacing error NASA entry

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - although technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused, category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''TimeForUnrest''' - a campaign, in conjunction with the movie ''[https://www.unrest.film/ Unrest]'', which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23timeforunrest&src=typd&lang=en #TimeForUnrest] on Twitter.

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-11T21:59:18Z

Comet:/* N */ removed periods at the end of NASA 10 min lean test entry

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - although technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused, category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers ] [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients]

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''TimeForUnrest''' - a campaign, in conjunction with the movie ''[https://www.unrest.film/ Unrest]'', which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23timeforunrest&src=typd&lang=en #TimeForUnrest] on Twitter.

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-11T21:55:47Z

Comet:/* M */ changed a cap M to small m in MUS entry

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - although technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused, category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers ]. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients].

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''TimeForUnrest''' - a campaign, in conjunction with the movie ''[https://www.unrest.film/ Unrest]'', which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23timeforunrest&src=typd&lang=en #TimeForUnrest] on Twitter.

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-11T21:54:16Z

Comet:/* M */ expanded definition of MUPS

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - although technically the term means that there is no known medical cause or explanation for the patient's symptoms, MUS or MUPS are generally lumped into a psychosomatic, or psychologically caused, category by those in the medical profession.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[Medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers ]. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients].

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''TimeForUnrest''' - a campaign, in conjunction with the movie ''[https://www.unrest.film/ Unrest]'', which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23timeforunrest&src=typd&lang=en #TimeForUnrest] on Twitter.

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-11T21:37:16Z

Comet:/* M */ removed "." at the end of MUS entry

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - symptoms for which a medical cause is not found.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[Medically unexplained physical symptoms]]

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers ]. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients].

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''TimeForUnrest''' - a campaign, in conjunction with the movie ''[https://www.unrest.film/ Unrest]'', which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23timeforunrest&src=typd&lang=en #TimeForUnrest] on Twitter.

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-11T21:36:06Z

Comet:/* L */ removed entry for "locus"

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - symptoms for which a medical cause is not found.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[Medically unexplained physical symptoms]].

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers ]. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients].

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''TimeForUnrest''' - a campaign, in conjunction with the movie ''[https://www.unrest.film/ Unrest]'', which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23timeforunrest&src=typd&lang=en #TimeForUnrest] on Twitter.

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-11T21:35:08Z

Comet:/* H */ changed cap P to a small p in two entries "pacing with a heart rate monitor"

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==
'''locus''' - in genetics, the location or position of a specific gene on a chromosome.

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - symptoms for which a medical cause is not found.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[Medically unexplained physical symptoms]].

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers ]. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients].

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''TimeForUnrest''' - a campaign, in conjunction with the movie ''[https://www.unrest.film/ Unrest]'', which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23timeforunrest&src=typd&lang=en #TimeForUnrest] on Twitter.

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-11T21:33:52Z

Comet:/* H */ removed period at the end of HLA complex

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"]

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==
'''locus''' - in genetics, the location or position of a specific gene on a chromosome.

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - symptoms for which a medical cause is not found.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[Medically unexplained physical symptoms]].

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers ]. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients].

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''TimeForUnrest''' - a campaign, in conjunction with the movie ''[https://www.unrest.film/ Unrest]'', which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23timeforunrest&src=typd&lang=en #TimeForUnrest] on Twitter.

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-11T21:32:12Z

Comet:/* 1-10 */ removed '25%' entry

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"].

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==
'''locus''' - in genetics, the location or position of a specific gene on a chromosome.

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - symptoms for which a medical cause is not found.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[Medically unexplained physical symptoms]].

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers ]. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients].

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''TimeForUnrest''' - a campaign, in conjunction with the movie ''[https://www.unrest.film/ Unrest]'', which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23timeforunrest&src=typd&lang=en #TimeForUnrest] on Twitter.

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-04T03:22:10Z

Comet:/* G */ fixed spelling in GET entry

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==
'''25%''' - refers to the estimated 25% of people with ME (PwME) who are severely affected and are homebound or bedridden.

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that exertion can exacerbate symptoms, rather than on reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"].

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==
'''locus''' - in genetics, the location or position of a specific gene on a chromosome.

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - symptoms for which a medical cause is not found.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[Medically unexplained physical symptoms]].

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers ]. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients].

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''TimeForUnrest''' - a campaign, in conjunction with the movie ''[https://www.unrest.film/ Unrest]'', which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23timeforunrest&src=typd&lang=en #TimeForUnrest] on Twitter.

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-04T03:19:13Z

Comet:/* G */ updated GET definition

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==
'''25%''' - refers to the estimated 25% of people with ME (PwME) who are severely affected and are homebound or bedridden.

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhelpful illness beliefs that excertion can excerbate symptoms, rather than reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME. One of the treatment arms of the controversial PACE trial.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"].

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==
'''locus''' - in genetics, the location or position of a specific gene on a chromosome.

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - symptoms for which a medical cause is not found.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[Medically unexplained physical symptoms]].

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers ]. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients].

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''TimeForUnrest''' - a campaign, in conjunction with the movie ''[https://www.unrest.film/ Unrest]'', which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23timeforunrest&src=typd&lang=en #TimeForUnrest] on Twitter.

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-04T03:17:09Z

Comet:/* G */ updated definition of GET

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==
'''25%''' - refers to the estimated 25% of people with ME (PwME) who are severely affected and are homebound or bedridden.

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Focuses on overcoming the patient's alleged unhlepful illness beliefs that excertion can excerbate symptoms, rather than reversing physical deconditioning. Considered controversial, and possibly harmful, in the treatment or management of ME.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"].

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==
'''locus''' - in genetics, the location or position of a specific gene on a chromosome.

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - symptoms for which a medical cause is not found.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[Medically unexplained physical symptoms]].

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers ]. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients].

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''TimeForUnrest''' - a campaign, in conjunction with the movie ''[https://www.unrest.film/ Unrest]'', which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23timeforunrest&src=typd&lang=en #TimeForUnrest] on Twitter.

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-04T00:02:58Z

Comet:/* 1-10 */ added 25%

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==
'''25%''' - refers to the estimated 25% of people with ME (PwME) who are severely affected and are homebound or bedridden.

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Considered controversial in the treatment or management of ME.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"].

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==
'''locus''' - in genetics, the location or position of a specific gene on a chromosome.

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - symptoms for which a medical cause is not found.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[Medically unexplained physical symptoms]].

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers ]. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients].

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''TimeForUnrest''' - a campaign, in conjunction with the movie ''[https://www.unrest.film/ Unrest]'', which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23timeforunrest&src=typd&lang=en #TimeForUnrest] on Twitter.

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-03T23:54:43Z

Comet:/* I */ fixed typo - home bound to homebound

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Considered controversial in the treatment or management of ME.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"].

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or homebound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==
'''locus''' - in genetics, the location or position of a specific gene on a chromosome.

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - symptoms for which a medical cause is not found.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[Medically unexplained physical symptoms]].

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers ]. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients].

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''TimeForUnrest''' - a campaign, in conjunction with the movie ''[https://www.unrest.film/ Unrest]'', which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23timeforunrest&src=typd&lang=en #TimeForUnrest] on Twitter.

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-03T23:53:08Z

Comet:/* I */ added invisible illness

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Considered controversial in the treatment or management of ME.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"].

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

'''invisible illness''' - a chronic condition or illness, such as ME, which may not be apparent to others. Sufferers may look healthy, yet be in poor health. Symptoms of the illness may not be visible and can be misunderstood or go unnoticed by others. Also, patients may wind up secluded or home bound due to the illness and become "invisible".

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==
'''locus''' - in genetics, the location or position of a specific gene on a chromosome.

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - symptoms for which a medical cause is not found.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[Medically unexplained physical symptoms]].

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers ]. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients].

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''TimeForUnrest''' - a campaign, in conjunction with the movie ''[https://www.unrest.film/ Unrest]'', which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23timeforunrest&src=typd&lang=en #TimeForUnrest] on Twitter.

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-03T00:43:32Z

Comet:/* T */ added Time for Unrest

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Considered controversial in the treatment or management of ME.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"].

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==
'''locus''' - in genetics, the location or position of a specific gene on a chromosome.

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - symptoms for which a medical cause is not found.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[Medically unexplained physical symptoms]].

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers ]. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients].

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''TimeForUnrest''' - a campaign, in conjunction with the movie ''[https://www.unrest.film/ Unrest]'', which aims to gain awareness, community, education, research, funding and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomeyelitis. See also [https://twitter.com/search?q=%23timeforunrest&src=typd&lang=en #TimeForUnrest] on Twitter.

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-02T01:42:56Z

Comet:/* E */ fixed internal link for energy envelope theory

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory | energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Considered controversial in the treatment or management of ME.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"].

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==
'''locus''' - in genetics, the location or position of a specific gene on a chromosome.

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - symptoms for which a medical cause is not found.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[Medically unexplained physical symptoms]].

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers ]. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients].

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-02T01:41:23Z

Comet:/* E */ changed Energy Envelope Theory to lower case

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[energy envelope theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Considered controversial in the treatment or management of ME.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"].

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==
'''locus''' - in genetics, the location or position of a specific gene on a chromosome.

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - symptoms for which a medical cause is not found.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[Medically unexplained physical symptoms]].

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers ]. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients].

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-01T23:36:57Z

Comet:/* V */ changed VO2 to vO2

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Considered controversial in the treatment or management of ME.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"].

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==
'''locus''' - in genetics, the location or position of a specific gene on a chromosome.

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - symptoms for which a medical cause is not found.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[Medically unexplained physical symptoms]].

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers ]. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients].

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''vO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-01T23:35:17Z

Comet:/* T */ changed Two to lower case in Two day cpet entry

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Considered controversial in the treatment or management of ME.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"].

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==
'''locus''' - in genetics, the location or position of a specific gene on a chromosome.

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - symptoms for which a medical cause is not found.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[Medically unexplained physical symptoms]].

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers ]. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients].

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''[[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''VO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2018-07-01T23:33:44Z

Comet:/* S */ added a "." at the end of SF36 entry

A glossary of *key* ME-related terms.

== 1-10 ==

== A ==

== B ==
'''[[B cell]]''' - B lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is involved in the immune response by secreting antibodies to ward off infections. In mammals, they are mostly matured in the bone marrow.

'''[[biopsychosocial model]]''' (BPS model) - a school of thought, usually based in psychology, which claims illness and disease to be the result of the intermingling of biological, psychological and social causes.

== C ==
'''[[Canadian Consensus Criteria]]''' (CCC) - a criteria used to diagnose ME/CFS (sic), developed by a group of clinicians in 2003. Often considered the most complex criteria, with the lowest number of patients meeting the criteria. Led to the development of the [[International Consensus Criteria]] in 2011.

'''[[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]''' (CFS) - may be more likely to refer to those diagnosed using the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda Criteria]] or the [[Oxford criteria|Oxford]] definition. Commonly used in the United States as the name of the disease. Viewed by some patients as dismissive and derogatory.

'''[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]]''' (CFSAC) - (sometimes pronounced SIF-SACK) meets twice per year, covering current topics related to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Meetings usually last for two days and the results are presented to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).

'''[[cognitive behavioral therapy]]''' (CBT) - A type of psychotherapy geared toward modifying unhealthy thinking, behaviors or illness beliefs. One of the treatment arms used in the controversial PACE Trial.

'''conversion disorder''' - formerly known as "hysteria". A mental condition in which neurologic symptoms can not be explained by a medical condition and are believed by some to develop unconsciously. Although symptoms are considered real, conversion disorder is usually thought to be triggered by stress or trauma.

'''[[Post-exertional malaise|crash]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

== D ==

== E ==
'''[[Energy Envelope Theory]]'''

== F ==

== G ==
'''[[graded exercise therapy]]''' (GET) - exercise therapy which gradually increases the patient's activity levels. Considered controversial in the treatment or management of ME.

== H ==
'''HLA complex''' (human leukocyte antigen) - a gene complex responsible for encoding certain proteins which help the immune system to distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins which are made by foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. See also [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2018/06/28/dr-ron-daviss-big-immune-study-is-looking-at-hla-genes-heres-why/ "Dr Ron Davis’s big immune study is looking at HLA genes"].

'''[[heart rate monitor]]''' (HRM) - a device that measures your heart rate / pulse. Typically a chest strap, wrist strap, or mobile phone app. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

'''[[heart rate variability]]''' (HRV) - a measurement of the specific changes in time (or variability) between successive heart beats. This is related to autonomic and cardiovascular function. See also [[Pacing with a heart rate monitor]]

== I ==
'''ICD''' - International Classification of Diseases. A system of medical codes created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international consistency. The 11th revision, or ICD-11, is due in 2018.

'''[[International Consensus Criteria]]'''

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==
'''locus''' - in genetics, the location or position of a specific gene on a chromosome.

== M ==
'''magnetic levitation device''' - uses ferrofluid (a liquid which can become magnetized) in a glass capillary tube surrounded by magnets. This creates a density gradient and cells move to their respective densities within the tube. White blood cells in CFS patients have been discovered to be less dense than those of healthy controls, indicating the possible use of the device as an inexpensive diagnostic test. This technology is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Stanford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

'''mass spectrometer''' - a device which converts molecules to ions, or charged particles. It then uses magnetic and electric fields to sort the ions according to their mass (similar to weight) and charge, and measure their characteristics.

'''[[medically unexplained physical symptoms]]''' (MUPS) - symptoms for which a medical cause is not found.

'''medically unexplained symptoms''' (MUS) - see [[Medically unexplained physical symptoms]].

'''metabolic trap hypothesis''' - hypothesis proposed by [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/06/13/robert-phair/ Dr. Robert Phair]. Based on preliminary data from the OMF-funded Severely Ill Patient Study (SIPS), which found several genes which may carry mutations in PwME. These mutations may cause enzymes which process important metabolites to slow down and cause a metabolic trap, which could explain some symptoms in ME/CFS.

'''metabolite''' - a substance produced by, or involved in metabolism.

'''[[metabolomics]]''' - the study and analysis of the chemical processes of metabolites within cells, tissues or organisms.

'''[[microbiome]]''' - the collective of microscopic organisms (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) and their genetic material, which are present in a particular environment, particularly in the human body.

'''[[mitochondria]]''' - organelles or subunits within a cell. Their primary role is to take in nutrients and produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP ([[adenosine triphosphate]]). This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.

'''[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]'''

== N ==
'''NASA 10-minute lean test''' - variation of a test used by NASA researchers to test for [[orthostatic intolerance]]. A simple test which is recommended by the [[Bateman Horne Center]] for ME and fibromyalgia patients. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASA-LeanTest-Instructions-April-2018.pdf Instructions for medical providers ]. [http://batemanhornecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NASALeanTest_PatientPrepInstructions_1_30_2017.pdf Instructions for patients].

'''nanoneedle''' - a nanofabricated device (one nanometer = one millionth of a millimeter) which measures electrical impedance from a drop of blood. The electrical impedance increased in the blood cells of 10 ME/CFS patients when stressed with salt, but not in healthy controls. This device may be able to distinguish ME/CFS patients from healthy controls and is being developed by Ron Davis's team at Standford University. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/2018/05/16/diagnostic-technology-development/ OMF Funded Diagnostic Technology Development]

== O ==
'''[[orthostatic intolerance]]''' (OI) - the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining; may be due to [[dysautonomia]]

== P ==
'''[[PACE trial]]''' - a controversial study which claims that [[CBT]] and [[GET]] are effective in treating CFS/ME. Its results and methodology are disputed by patients, scientists and peer-reviewed scientific literature.

'''[[pacing]]''' - the practice of staying within one's 'energy envelope' by interspersing periods of activity with periods of rest. Patients may use [[pacing with a heart rate monitor]] as an objective measure of exertion.

'''payback''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[post-exertional malaise]]''' (PEM) - a worsening of ME symptoms due to physical or cognitive exertion

'''[[post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion]]''' - see [[post-exertional malaise]]

'''[[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]''' (POTS) - a form of orthostatic intolerance where the cardinal symptom is excessive tachycardia due to changing position (e.g. from lying down to sitting up).

'''[[PwME]]''' Person with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

== Q ==

== R ==

== S ==
'''[[Seahorse analyzer]]''' - an instrument which measures oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in live cells, in real time, producing information regarding important cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.

'''[[ME/CFS Severely Ill, Big Data Study | Severely Ill Patient Study]]''' (SIPS) - a study funded by the OMF (Open Medicine Foundation) and led by Dr. Ron Davis and Wenzhong Xiao, PhD. It includes over 1000 tests per patient, including the patients' genome, gene expression, metabolomics, microbiome, and many others. See also [https://www.omf.ngo/mecfs-severely-ill-big-data-study/ ME/CFS Severely Ill Big Data Study] for details, a complete list of tests and Spring 2018 update.

'''[[SF-36]]''' (Short Form (36) Health Survey) - a 36 item patient reported questionnaire, used to determine patient health status and quality of life.

'''somatic''' - relating to the physical body. In biology, all the cells of the body, except those which form egg or sperm.

'''[[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]]''' - an analogy which equates the amount of energy or health someone with chronic illness has to complete daily tasks to a limited number of spoons. See also [https://butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/ "The Spoon Theory"].

'''spoonie''' - a person, usually with a chronic illness, with a limited amount of energy or health, or "spoons". See also [[Spoon theory | Spoon Theory]].

== T ==
'''[[T cell]]''' - T lymphocyte, or a type of white blood cell, which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in immune response on a cellular level. See also [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toMhBUZ2dtE&feature=youtu.be Dr. Mark Davis Research Update video].

'''[[Two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]]'''

== U ==

== V ==
'''VO2 Max''' - the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can utilize during increasingly strenuous exercise, such as on a treadmill. See also [[two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test]].

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==