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==Fall of the Wessely school == The influence of the Wessely school began to wane in the late 2010s,<ref name="Marks2021">{{Citation | last =Marks | first = David Francis | authorlink = David Marks| date = 2021-06-10 | title = THE RISE AND FALL OF THE WESSELY SCHOOL|url=https://osf.io/jpzaw|journal=|publisher=Center for Open Science|doi=10.31234/osf.io/jpzaw|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> with a combination of *the 2016 release of the full [[PACE trial]] data showing that graded exercise therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy were ineffective<ref name="Vink2018">{{Cite journal | last = Vink | first = Mark | authorlink = Mark Vink | last2 = Vink-Niese | first2 = Alexandra | author-link2 = Alexandra Vink-Niese | date = 2018-10-08 | title = Graded exercise therapy for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome is not effective and unsafe. Re-analysis of a Cochrane review | url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6176540/|journal=Health Psychology Open|volume=5|issue=2|pages=|doi=10.1177/2055102918805187|issn=2055-1029|pmc=|pmid=30305916|quote=|via=}}</ref> and caused high rates of harm,<ref name="Wilshire2016">{{Cite journal | last =Wilshire | first = Carolyn | last2 = Kindlon | first2=Tom | last3 = Matthees | first3=Alem | last4 = McGrath | first4 = Simon | date = 2016-12-14 | title = Can patients with chronic fatigue syndrome really recover after graded exercise or cognitive behavioural therapy? A critical commentary and preliminary re-analysis of the PACE trial|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21641846.2017.1259724|journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior |language=en|volume=5|issue=1|pages=43–56|doi=10.1080/21641846.2017.1259724|issn=2164-1846}}</ref><ref name="Wilshire2018">{{Cite journal | last =Wilshire | first = Carolyn E. | author-link = Carolyn Wilshire | last2 = Kindlon | first2=Tom | author-link2 = Tom Kindlon | last3 = Courtney | first3 = Robert | author-link3 = Robert Courtney | last4 = Matthees | first4=Alem | authorlink4 = Alem Matthees | last5 = Tuller | first5 = David | author-link5 = David Tuller | last6 = Geraghty | first6 = Keith | authorlink6 = Keith Geraghty | last7 = Levin | first7 = Bruce | authorlink7 = Bruce Levin | date = 2018-03-22 | title = Rethinking the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome—a reanalysis and evaluation of findings from a recent major trial of graded exercise and CBT|url=https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40359-018-0218-3|journal=BMC Psychology|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=|doi=10.1186/s40359-018-0218-3|issn=2050-7283|pmc=5863477|pmid=29562932|quote=|via=}}</ref> *the combined with the announced retirements of [[Simon Wessely]], [[Peter White]] and [[Michael Sharpe]] from ME/CFS research, *the additional scrutiny of the [[biopsychosocial model]] in ME/CFS and in [[medically unexplained symptoms]] by Prof. [[David Tuller]] *the [[Cochrane]] withdrawal of the exercise data, resulting from complaints proving that Cochrane had failed to follow it's own scientific methodology<ref name="Struthers">{{Cite news | url=https://healthycontrolblog.wordpress.com/2018/11/29/my-complaint-to-the-cochrane-governing-board-about-the-cochrane-review-of-exercise-for-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/ | title = My complaint to the Cochrane Governing Board about the Cochrane review of Exercise for chronic fatigue syndrome | last =Struthers | first = Caroline | date = 2018-11-29|work=Healthy Control|access-date=2018-11-29|archive-url=|archive-date=|language=en-US|quote= | author-link = Caroline Struthers}}</ref> *Cochrane's exercise therapy review, 2019 update<ref name="Lar2019">{{cite journal | vauthors = Larun L, Brurberg KG, Odgaard-Jensen J, Price JR | title = Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 10 | pages = CD003200 | date = October 2019 | pmid = 31577366 | pmc = 6774399 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD003200.pub8 }}</ref><ref name="Coch2019Oct2">{{Cite web | title = Publication of Cochrane Review: ‘Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome’|url=https://www.cochrane.org/news/publication-cochrane-review-exercise-therapy-chronic-fatigue-syndrome | last =Cochrane | first = | authorlink = Cochrane (organisation)| date = May 21, 2020 | website = cochrane.org|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-05-24|quote=It now places more emphasis on the limited applicability of the evidence to definitions of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) used in the included studies, the long-term effects of exercise on symptoms of fatigue, and acknowledges the limitations of the evidence about harms that may occur.}}</ref> *the [[Institute of Medicine]] report (2015) recommending significant changes and highlighting the role of [[post-exertional malaise]] rather than fatigue as the core symptom of ME/CFS,<ref name="IOM">{{Citation | last =Institute of Medicine | author-link = Institute of Medicine | title = Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness|location=Washington, DC|publisher=The National Academies Press | date = 2015 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK284902/}}</ref><ref name="CDC-IOM-SEIDcriteria">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/healthcare-providers/diagnosis/iom-2015-diagnostic-criteria.html | title = IOM 2015 Diagnostic Criteria {{!}} Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]| date = Jan 27, 2021|access-date = 2021-02-25}}</ref> and the ARHQ recommendation in 2016<ref name="Smith2016">{{cite journal| vauthors = Smith ME, Nelson HD, Haney E, Pappas M, Daeges M, Wasson N, McDonagh M | title = Diagnosis and Treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome No. 219| journal = Evidence Report/Technology Assessment | pages = 1–433 | date = December 2014 | pmid = 30313001 | doi =10.23970/AHRQEPCERTA219 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK379582/|publisher = Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US) | quote = The results are consistent across trials with improvement in function, fatigue, and global improvement and provided moderate strength of evidence for improved function (4 trials, n=607) and global improvement (3 trials, n=539), low strength of evidence for reduced fatigue (4 trials, n=607) and decreased work impairment (1 trial, n=480), and insufficient evidence for improved quality of life (no trials)}}</ref> *increasing scientific evidence of [[List of abnormal findings in chronic fatigue syndrome and myalgic encephalomyelitis|abnormal findings]] in ME/CFS which were incompatible with the Wessely school's theories<ref name="incompatible">{{Cite journal | last =Nijs | first = Jo | author-link =Jo Nijs | last2 = Meeus | first2 = Mira | author-link2 = Mira Meeus | last3 = De Meirleir | first3=Kenny | author-link3 = Kenny De Meirleir| date = 2006-08-01 | title = Chronic musculoskeletal pain in chronic fatigue syndrome: Recent developments and therapeutic implications|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1356689X06000555|journal=Manual Therapy|series=Conference Proceedings from the 2nd International Conference on Movement Dysfunction. Pain and Performance: Evidence and Effect|language=en|volume=11|issue=3|pages=187–191|doi=10.1016/j.math.2006.03.008|issn=1356-689X|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref><ref name="Nunes2011">{{Cite journal | last =Núñez | first = Montserrat | authorlink = Montserrat Núñez | last2 = Fernández-Solà | first2 = Joaquim | author-link2 = | last3 = Nuñez | first3 = Esther | author-link3 = | last4 = Fernández-Huerta | first4 = José-Manuel | authorlink4 = | last5 = Godás-Sieso | first5 = Teresa | authorlink5 = |last6 = Gomez-Gil | first6 = Esther | authorlink6 = | date = Mar 2011 | title = Health-related quality of life in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: group cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise versus usual treatment. A randomised controlled trial with 1 year of follow-up | url =http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.467.4965&rep=rep1&type=pdf|journal=Clinical Rheumatology|volume=30|issue=3|pages=381–389|doi=10.1007/s10067-010-1677-y|issn=1434-9949|pmid=21234629|quote=|via=}}</ref> *increasing evidence that the associated treatments were not resulting in recovery, and research establishing that significant rates of harm were present and not monitored<ref name="Kindlon-IACFS">{{Cite web|url=http://iacfsme.org/PDFS/Reporting-of-Harms-Associated-with-GET-and-CBT-in.aspx | title = Bulletin of the IACFS/ME 59 Reporting of Harms Associated with Graded Exercise Therapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | last = Kindlon | first=Tom | authorlink = Tom Kindlon | date = |website=IACFSME|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name="Kindlon2006">{{Cite journal | last = Kindlon | first=Tom| date = 2017-03-20 | title = Do graded activity therapies cause harm in chronic fatigue syndrome?|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1359105317697323|journal=Journal of Health Psychology|language=en|volume=22|issue=9|pages=1146–1154|doi=10.1177/1359105317697323|issn=1359-1053|quote= | author-link = Tom Kindlon|via=}}</ref><ref name="Geraghty2016">{{Cite journal | last =Geraghty | first = Keith J. | last2 = Esmail | first2 = Aneez | authorlink2 = Esmail Aneez | authorlink =Keith Geraghty | date = 2016-08-01 | title = Chronic fatigue syndrome: is the biopsychosocial model responsible for patient dissatisfaction and harm?|url=https://bjgp.org/content/66/649/437|journal=Br J Gen Pract|language=en|volume=66|issue=649|pages=437–438|doi=10.3399/bjgp16X686473|issn=0960-1643|pmid=27481982}}</ref></ref><ref name="TenYearReport">{{Cite web|url=http://www.forward-me.org.uk/Reports/10%20year%20surveillance%20(2017).pdf | title = 10 year surveillance report consultation comments {{!}} NICE CFS/ME guidelines | last = Forward-ME | first = | authorlink = Forward-ME | date = 2017 | website = |archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-02-10}}</ref><ref name="OxfordBrookesSurvey">{{Cite web|url = https://www.meassociation.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/NICE-Patient-Survey-Outcomes-CBT-and-GET-Final-Consolidated-Report-03.04.19.pdf| title = Evaluation of a survey exploring the experiences of adults and children with ME/CFS who have participated in CBT and GET interventional programmes. FINAL REPORT | last =Oxford Clinical Allied Technology and Trials Services Unit (OxCATTS)|location=Oxford Brookes University | date = Feb 27, 2019}}</ref> *increasing opposition to CBT and GET from professional groups including [[Physios for ME]], [[Doctors with M.E.]], and support for change from the [[British Association for CFS/ME]], the UK's largest group of ME/CFS professionals<ref name="BACME">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bacme.info/sites/bacme.info/files/BACME | title = Press Statement NICE Guideline publication Oct 2021.pdf| date = Oct 2021 | website = [[British Association for CFS/ME]]}}</ref><ref name="D4ME">{{Cite web|url=https://doctorswith.me/nice-2021-a-triumph-of-science-over-discrimination/? | title = NICE 2021: A Triumph of Science over Discrimination|website=[[Doctors for M.E.]]| date = November 1, 2021}}</ref> *the abandonment of the biopsychosocial model including GET and CBT by the [[United States]],<ref name="CDC-IOM-SEIDcriteria" /> [[Netherlands]], and finally by [[England]] and [[Wales]] in 2021.<ref name="ng206">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng206 | title = Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (or Encephalopathy)/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome:diagnosis and management. NICE guideline. | last=NICE Guideline Development Group | first = | authorlink = |publisher=[[National Institute for Health and Care Excellence]]| date = 2021-10-29}}</ref>
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