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== starting off --  ~[[User:Notjusttired|Njt]] ([[User talk:Notjusttired|talk]]) 23:33, September 15, 2020 (UTC) ==
==Long COVID studies to add ==


==Page outline ==
*May, 2023, Development of a Definition of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection <ref>https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2805540?guestAccessKey=1fbcad3a-e2ab-492f-8dcc-0288c178fb94&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=052523</ref>
<br />
*Oct, 2022 Survey of Long COVID patients response to Nattokinase <ref> https://twitter.com/organichemusic/status/1579052732484575233</ref>


'''Long Covid''' or '''post-acute covid-19''' a term used to describe a group of long term health problems that are found in a significant minority of people who were infected with the [[coronavirus disease 19]] and remain ill after a number of weeks or months.<ref name=Navabi2020>{{Cite journal|title=Long covid: How to define it and how to manage it|last=Nabavi|first=Nikki|url=https://www.bmj.com/content/370/bmj.m3489|date=Sep 7, 2020|journal=BMJ|volume=370|pages=bmj.m3489}}</ref><ref name=BMJ11Aug2020 /><ref name="long-haulers-redefining">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/08/long-haulers-covid-19-recognition-support-groups-symptoms/615382/|title=Long-Haulers Are Redefining COVID-19|last=Yong|first=Ed|date=Aug 19, 2020|work=The Atlantic|access-date=2020-08-21|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|issn=1072-7825|quote=|author-link=}}</ref>  
*Aug, 2022, Degradative Effect of Nattokinase on Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 <ref>https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/17/5405/htm</ref>


Long covid appears to be a multisystem disease, and may occur after antly severity of COVID-19, including after relatively mild cases.<ref name=BMJ11Aug2020 />
*Sep 2021, Post-COVID syndrome. A case series and comprehensive review<ref name="Anaya2021">{{Cite journal | last = Anaya | first = Juan-Manuel | last2 = Rojas |  first2 = Manuel | last3 = Salinas | first3=Martha L. | last4 = Rodríguez | first4 = Yhojan | last5 = Roa | first5 = Geraldine|last6 = Lozano | first6 = Marcela | last7 = Rodríguez-Jiménez | first7 = Mónica | last8 = Montoya | first8 = Norma | last9 = Zapata | first9 = Elizabeth| date = 2021-09-10 | title = Post-COVID syndrome. A case series and comprehensive review | url =https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568997221002226|journal=Autoimmunity Reviews|language=en|pages=102947|doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102947|issn=1568-9972}}</ref>
*May 2021, Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments<ref name="Yong2021">{{Cite journal | last =Yong | first = Shin Jie | author-link = | date = 2021 | title=Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2021.1924397|journal=Infectious Diseases|volume=53|issue=10|pages=737–754|doi=10.1080/23744235.2021.1924397|issn=2374-4235|pmc=PMC8146298|pmid=34024217|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref>


==Long-haulers==
*Apr 2021, Long-COVID and Post-COVID Health Complications: An Up-to-Date Review on Clinical Conditions and Their Possible Molecular Mechanisms<ref name="Andrade2021">{{Cite journal | last =Silva Andrade | first = Bruno|author-link = | last2 = Siqueira | first2 = Sérgio|author-link2 = | last3 = de Assis Soares | first3=Wagner Rodrigues | author-link3 = | last4 = de Souza Rangel | first4 = Fernanda | author-link4 = | last5 = Santos | first5 = Naiane Oliveira | authorlink5 = |last6 = dos Santos Freitas | first6 = Andria | authorlink6 = | last7 = Ribeiro da Silveira | first7 = Priscila | last8 = Tiwari | first8 = Sandeep | last9 = Alzahrani | first9 = Khalid J. | date = Apr 2021 | title = Long-COVID and Post-COVID Health Complications: An Up-to-Date Review on Clinical Conditions and Their Possible Molecular Mechanisms|url=https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/4/700|journal=Viruses|language=en|volume=13|issue=4|pages=700|doi=10.3390/v13040700|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref>
A "long-hauler" is someone who became ill with confirmed or suspected [[coronavirus disease 19]], who has not recovered many weeks or months later after first becoming ill.<ref name="long-haulers-redefining" />


==Symptoms==
*Sep 2021, Long-term side effects and lingering symptoms post COVID-19 recovery<ref name="Zarei2021">{{Cite journal | last =Zarei | first = Mohammad | authorlink = | last2 = Bose | first2 = Deepanwita|author-link2 = | last3 = Nouri-Vaskeh | first3 = Masoud | author-link3 = | last4 = Tajiknia | first4 = Vida | author-link4 = | last5 = Zand | first5 = Ramin | authorlink5 = |last6 = Ghasemi | first6 = Mehdi | authorlink6 =  | date = | title =Long-term side effects and lingering symptoms post COVID-19 recovery|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/rmv.2289|journal=Reviews in Medical Virology|language=en|volume=|issue=| pages = e2289|doi=10.1002/rmv.2289|issn=1099-1654|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref>
*Profound (very severe) fatigue
*Cough
*Breathlessness
*[[myalgia|Muscle pain]] and body aches
*Heavy chest or a feeling of pressure on the chest
Other reported symptoms include:
*Skin rashes
*[[Heart palpitations]]
*[[Fever]]
*[[Headache]]
*[[Diarrhea]]
*The sensation of [[pins and needles]]<ref name=Navabi2020 />


{{Quote box|“A very common feature is the relapsing, remitting nature of the illness, where you feel as though you’ve recovered, then it hits you back|source=Dr. Nisreen Alwan, BMJ, Sep 2020}}
*Jan 2021, Long Covid-19: Proposed Primary Care Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Disease Management<ref name="SisoAlmiral2021">{{Cite journal | last =Sisó-Almirall | first = Antoni | authorlink = | last2 = Brito-Zerón | first2=Pilar | author-link2 = | last3 = Conangla Ferrín |  first3 = Laura | author-link3 = | last4 = Kostov | first4 = Belchin | author-link4 = | last5 = Moragas Moreno | first5 = Anna | authorlink5 = |last6 = Mestres | first6 = Jordi | authorlink6 = | last7 = Sellarès | first7 = Jaume | last8 = Galindo | first8 = Gisela | last9 = Morera | first9 = Ramon | date = Jan 2021 | title = Long Covid-19: Proposed Primary Care Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Disease Management|url=https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/8/4350|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|language=en|volume=18|issue=8|pages=4350|doi=10.3390/ijerph18084350|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref>
:"the overlap of the signs and symptoms they present with processes like fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, or multiple chemical sensitivity is, medically, incontestable."


==Signs and symptoms==
*Aug 2021, Post-COVID Syndrome: Incidence, Clinical Spectrum, and Challenges for Primary Healthcare Professionals<ref name="Pavli2021">{{Cite journal | last =Pavli | first = Androula|author-link = | last2 = Theodoridou | first2 = Maria|author-link2 = | last3 = Maltezou | first3 = Helena C. | author-link3 = | date = Aug 2021 | title = Post-COVID Syndrome: Incidence, Clinical Spectrum, and Challenges for Primary Healthcare Professionals|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8093949/|journal=Archives of Medical Research|volume=52|issue=6|pages=575–581|doi=10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.03.010|issn=0188-4409|pmc=8093949|pmid=33962805|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref>


==Treatment==
:"There are five categories of long COVID-19 syndrome: Type 1 includes patients with varying duration of recovery that directly relates to the severity of infection, organ damage, and underlying medical conditions; Type 2 is characterized by symptoms persisting six weeks from the onset of illness; Type 3 shows a period of quiescence or nearly full recovery after initial infection, followed by a recurrence of symptoms that persist for at least three months (Type 3A) or at least six months (Type 3B); Type 4 includes patients who are initially asymptomatic at the time of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test but develop symptoms one to three months (Type 4A) or at least three months later (Type 4B), that persist for varying lengths of period; and Type 5 includes patients who have no or few symptoms at the time of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test and experience sudden death within the next 12 months"
ME/CFS patient groups have raised concerns about the use of [[graded exercise therapy]] (GET) in patients with long covid.<ref name="GETcovidForwardME" /> Graded exercise therapy, which is sometimes incorrectly referred to as ''activity management'' involves patients initially reducing their activity levels to a level that prevents regular crashes, and then typically increasing activity by 10% each week ''regardless of any increased symptoms or worsening illness''. Patients are told to ignore deterioration or increased symptoms and "push through" them. Surveys of ME/CFS patients have consistently shown that large numbers of patients deteriorate as a result of graded exercise therapy, and a significant number become severely ill.
*Feb 2021, A review of persistent post-COVID syndrome (PPCS)<ref name="Oronsky2021">{{Cite journal | last =Oronsky | first = Bryan | last2 = Larson | first2=Christopher | last3=Hammond | first3=Terese C. | last4 = Oronsky | first4 = Arnold | last5 = Kesari | first5 = Santosh|last6 = Lybeck | first6 = Michelle | last7 = Reid | first7 = Tony R. | date = 2021-02-20 | title = A Review of Persistent Post-COVID Syndrome (PPCS)|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-021-08848-3|journal=Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology|language=en|doi=10.1007/s12016-021-08848-3|issn=1559-0267|pmc=PMC7896544|pmid=33609255}}</ref>


==ME/CFS==
:"we have coined the umbrella term “persistent post-COVID syndrome” (PPCS) to describe the morbid post-ICU course of COVID survivors"


==Notable articles==
:"compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS) occurs that leads to postinfectious/posttraumatic immunosuppression [8]. The purpose of the CARS response, a mirror-imaged counter-regulation to SIRS or systemic inflammatory response syndrome, is to dampen the proinflammatory state, prevent maladaptive multiple-organ dysfunction [9], and govern the return to immunologic homeostasis or normalcy [10]."
*Aug 11, 2020, Management of post-acute covid-19 in primary care<ref name=BMJ11Aug2020>{{cite journal|title=Management of post-acute covid-19 in primary care|journal=BMJ|date=Aug 11, 2020|volume=370|doi=10.1136/bmj.m3026|pages=m3026|url =https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3026}}</ref> - [https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3026 (Full text)]


==Presentations, interviews and videos==
:"excessive release of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukins 1, 6, 8, 17, and 1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tissue necrosis factor α [11] collectively known as “cytokine storm”"
*Aug 2020, [https://solvecfs.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Post-COVID%20ME-to%20Solve.pdf Will Covid-19 lead to ME/CFS in some people?] - presentation - Dr [[Anthony Kormaroff]]
:"Case report and systematic review suggest that children may experience similar long-term effects to adults after clinical COVID-19"
*Jul 2020, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIeOoS_A4c8 Message in a Bottle] video - LongCovidSOS


==Letters and blogs==
*Nov 2020, Case report and systematic review suggest that children may experience similar long-term effects to adults after clinical COVID-19<ref name="Ludvigsson2021">{{Cite journal | last =Ludvigsson | first=Jonas F. | date = 2021 | title = Case report and systematic review suggest that children may experience similar long-term effects to adults after clinical COVID-19|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/apa.15673|journal=Acta Paediatrica|language=en|volume=110|issue=3 | pages = 914–921|doi=10.1111/apa.15673|issn=1651-2227|pmc=PMC7753397|pmid=33205450}}</ref>  
*Sep 2020, [https://mecfsresearchreview.me/2020/09/17/understanding-long-covid-a-shortcut-to-solving-me-cfs/?#symptoms Understanding Long Covid, A Shortcut to Solving ME/CFS?] Simon McGrath
:The five children with potential long COVID had a median age of 12 years (range 9–15) and four were girls. They had symptoms for 6–8 months after their clinical diagnoses of COVID-19. None were hospitalised at diagnosis, but one was later admitted for peri-myocarditis. All five children had fatigue, dyspnoea, heart palpitations or chest pain, and four had headaches, difficulties concentrating, muscle weakness, dizziness and sore throats. Some had improved after 6–8 months, but they all suffered from fatigue and none had fully returned to school. The systematic review identified 179 publications and 19 of these were deemed relevant and read in detail. None contained any information on long COVID in children.
*Jul 2020, [https://meassociation.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/ForwardME-Letter-re-Covid-19-Management-and-Exercise-Caution-27.08.20.pdf Letter re Covid-19 Management and Exercise Caution]<ref name="GETcovidForwardME">{{Cite web|url=https://meassociation.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/ForwardME-Letter-re-Covid-19-Management-and-Exercise-Caution-27.08.20.pdf|date=2020-08-27|last=Forward-ME|author-link=Forward-ME|title =Letter re Covid-19 Management and Exercise Caution}}</ref> - [[Forward-ME]]
[[User:Notjusttired|Njt]] ([[User talk:Notjusttired|talk]]) 01:42, September 30, 2021 (UTC)


==See also==
===References ===
*[[List of open letters about long covid]]
{{Reflist|talk}}}
*[[Post-COVID-19 illness]]
*[[Coronavirus disease 19]]
*[[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|Myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome]]
*[[Postviral fatigue syndrome]]


==Learn more==
===Old ===
*Definition online
*[https://www.bmj.com/sites/default/files/infographics/1353078336/static-infographic/background.png Infographic: "Long covid" in primary care] - BMJ journal
* List of long covid studies (draft) - [[MEAction|#MEAction]]


==References==
== Date Order -- [[User:Loopy|Loopy]] ([[User talk:Loopy|talk]]) 17:52, November 6, 2020 (UTC) ==
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Potential comorbidities]]
The dates are in the wrong order. Should be oldest to newest.
[[Category:Diagnoses]]
:I've sorted this for Notable studies.  ~[[User:Notjusttired|Njt]] ([[User talk:Notjusttired|talk]]) 23:40, November 6, 2020 (UTC)

Latest revision as of 03:02, August 13, 2023

Long COVID studies to add[edit source | reply | new]

  • May, 2023, Development of a Definition of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection [1]
  • Oct, 2022 Survey of Long COVID patients response to Nattokinase [2]
  • Aug, 2022, Degradative Effect of Nattokinase on Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 [3]
  • Sep 2021, Post-COVID syndrome. A case series and comprehensive review[4]
  • May 2021, Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments[5]
  • Apr 2021, Long-COVID and Post-COVID Health Complications: An Up-to-Date Review on Clinical Conditions and Their Possible Molecular Mechanisms[6]
  • Sep 2021, Long-term side effects and lingering symptoms post COVID-19 recovery[7]
  • Jan 2021, Long Covid-19: Proposed Primary Care Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Disease Management[8]
"the overlap of the signs and symptoms they present with processes like fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, or multiple chemical sensitivity is, medically, incontestable."
  • Aug 2021, Post-COVID Syndrome: Incidence, Clinical Spectrum, and Challenges for Primary Healthcare Professionals[9]
"There are five categories of long COVID-19 syndrome: Type 1 includes patients with varying duration of recovery that directly relates to the severity of infection, organ damage, and underlying medical conditions; Type 2 is characterized by symptoms persisting six weeks from the onset of illness; Type 3 shows a period of quiescence or nearly full recovery after initial infection, followed by a recurrence of symptoms that persist for at least three months (Type 3A) or at least six months (Type 3B); Type 4 includes patients who are initially asymptomatic at the time of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test but develop symptoms one to three months (Type 4A) or at least three months later (Type 4B), that persist for varying lengths of period; and Type 5 includes patients who have no or few symptoms at the time of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test and experience sudden death within the next 12 months"
  • Feb 2021, A review of persistent post-COVID syndrome (PPCS)[10]
"we have coined the umbrella term “persistent post-COVID syndrome” (PPCS) to describe the morbid post-ICU course of COVID survivors"
"compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS) occurs that leads to postinfectious/posttraumatic immunosuppression [8]. The purpose of the CARS response, a mirror-imaged counter-regulation to SIRS or systemic inflammatory response syndrome, is to dampen the proinflammatory state, prevent maladaptive multiple-organ dysfunction [9], and govern the return to immunologic homeostasis or normalcy [10]."
"excessive release of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukins 1, 6, 8, 17, and 1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tissue necrosis factor α [11] collectively known as “cytokine storm”"
"Case report and systematic review suggest that children may experience similar long-term effects to adults after clinical COVID-19"
  • Nov 2020, Case report and systematic review suggest that children may experience similar long-term effects to adults after clinical COVID-19[11]
The five children with potential long COVID had a median age of 12 years (range 9–15) and four were girls. They had symptoms for 6–8 months after their clinical diagnoses of COVID-19. None were hospitalised at diagnosis, but one was later admitted for peri-myocarditis. All five children had fatigue, dyspnoea, heart palpitations or chest pain, and four had headaches, difficulties concentrating, muscle weakness, dizziness and sore throats. Some had improved after 6–8 months, but they all suffered from fatigue and none had fully returned to school. The systematic review identified 179 publications and 19 of these were deemed relevant and read in detail. None contained any information on long COVID in children.

Njt (talk) 01:42, September 30, 2021 (UTC)

References[edit source | reply | new]

  1. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2805540?guestAccessKey=1fbcad3a-e2ab-492f-8dcc-0288c178fb94&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=052523
  2. https://twitter.com/organichemusic/status/1579052732484575233
  3. https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/17/5405/htm
  4. Anaya, Juan-Manuel; Rojas, Manuel; Salinas, Martha L.; Rodríguez, Yhojan; Roa, Geraldine; Lozano, Marcela; Rodríguez-Jiménez, Mónica; Montoya, Norma; Zapata, Elizabeth (September 10, 2021). "Post-COVID syndrome. A case series and comprehensive review". Autoimmunity Reviews: 102947. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102947. ISSN 1568-9972.
  5. Yong, Shin Jie (2021). "Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments". Infectious Diseases. 53 (10): 737–754. doi:10.1080/23744235.2021.1924397. ISSN 2374-4235. PMC 8146298. PMID 34024217.
  6. Silva Andrade, Bruno; Siqueira, Sérgio; de Assis Soares, Wagner Rodrigues; de Souza Rangel, Fernanda; Santos, Naiane Oliveira; dos Santos Freitas, Andria; Ribeiro da Silveira, Priscila; Tiwari, Sandeep; Alzahrani, Khalid J. (April 2021). "Long-COVID and Post-COVID Health Complications: An Up-to-Date Review on Clinical Conditions and Their Possible Molecular Mechanisms". Viruses. 13 (4): 700. doi:10.3390/v13040700.
  7. Zarei, Mohammad; Bose, Deepanwita; Nouri-Vaskeh, Masoud; Tajiknia, Vida; Zand, Ramin; Ghasemi, Mehdi. "Long-term side effects and lingering symptoms post COVID-19 recovery". Reviews in Medical Virology: e2289. doi:10.1002/rmv.2289. ISSN 1099-1654.
  8. Sisó-Almirall, Antoni; Brito-Zerón, Pilar; Conangla Ferrín, Laura; Kostov, Belchin; Moragas Moreno, Anna; Mestres, Jordi; Sellarès, Jaume; Galindo, Gisela; Morera, Ramon (January 2021). "Long Covid-19: Proposed Primary Care Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Disease Management". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18 (8): 4350. doi:10.3390/ijerph18084350.
  9. Pavli, Androula; Theodoridou, Maria; Maltezou, Helena C. (August 2021). "Post-COVID Syndrome: Incidence, Clinical Spectrum, and Challenges for Primary Healthcare Professionals". Archives of Medical Research. 52 (6): 575–581. doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.03.010. ISSN 0188-4409. PMC 8093949. PMID 33962805.
  10. Oronsky, Bryan; Larson, Christopher; Hammond, Terese C.; Oronsky, Arnold; Kesari, Santosh; Lybeck, Michelle; Reid, Tony R. (February 20, 2021). "A Review of Persistent Post-COVID Syndrome (PPCS)". Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology. doi:10.1007/s12016-021-08848-3. ISSN 1559-0267. PMC 7896544. PMID 33609255.
  11. Ludvigsson, Jonas F. (2021). "Case report and systematic review suggest that children may experience similar long-term effects to adults after clinical COVID-19". Acta Paediatrica. 110 (3): 914–921. doi:10.1111/apa.15673. ISSN 1651-2227. PMC 7753397. PMID 33205450.

}

Old[edit source | reply | new]

Date Order -- Loopy (talk) 17:52, November 6, 2020 (UTC)[edit source | reply | new]

The dates are in the wrong order. Should be oldest to newest.

I've sorted this for Notable studies. ~Njt (talk) 23:40, November 6, 2020 (UTC)